Solving Different Types of Differential Equations Using Modified and New Modified Adomian Decomposition Methods

The Modified Adomian Decomposition Method (MADM) is presented. A number of problems are solved to show the efficiency of the method. Further, a new solution scheme for solving boundary value problems with Neumann conditions is proposed. The scheme is based on the modified Adomian decomposition method and the inverse linear operator theorem. Several differential equations with Neumann boundary conditions are solved to demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

NEW IDEAS AND METHODS ON GEOMECHANICAL SAFETY ANALYSIS OF TOXIC AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORIES IN SALT MINE

In view of the need for geomechanical safety analysis of repositories in salt rock, failure criteria,creep rupture criteria,material models,pillar design methods and criteria for the assessment of barrier efficiency as well as investigations of the interaction between hydraulics and mechanics for the case of uncontrolled flooded repositories are necessary. The introduction of damage mechanics and of the Hou/Lux material model including damages into geomechanical safety analysis of repositories in salt rock can reduce some previous deficits in knowledge and modelling. This article will be as a part of geotechnical assessment to introduce the Hou/Lux material model,a new concept of hydro-mechanical coupling and a pillar design method as well as criteria for the assessment of efficiency of geological barriers.

NEW METHODS FOR AROMATIZATION OF STEROIDAL 2,5(10)-DIENES

New methods for dehydrogenation of steroidal 2,5(10)-dienes with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) or pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide(PHP,Py·HBr·Br_2) to aromatic A ring steroid in quantitative yield in short time are described.

Research and Application of New Methods to Oil-Gas Geochemical Exploration

Based on the results of researches and applications for many years, it has been discovered that new methods and techniques for geochemical exploration of oil and gas such as δC, altered carbonate, Hg in absorption phase, Ks, Fe2+, δ13C, fluorescence in two and three dimensions, and N2 and O2 in heat release can give full play in the following five fields: (1) optimization of the favourable target or hollow zones and structural zones in a region; (2) evaluation of oil traps and delineation of prospective oil and gas areas; (3) prediction of deep-seated oil-bearing horizons; (4) evaluation of the genesis of oil and gas geochemical anomalies and determination of the types of oil and gas accumulations; (5) forecast of the burial depths of oil and gas pools.

Gap States of ZnO Thin Films by New Methods:Optical Spectroscopy,Optical Conductivity and Optical Dispersion Energy

The optical reflectance and transmittance spectra in the wavelength range of 300-2500 nm are used to compute the absorption coefficient of zinc oxide films annealed at different post-annealing temperatures 400, 500 and 600°C.The values of the cross point between the curves of the real and imaginary parts of the optical conductivity ɑ_1 and ɑ_1 with energy axis of films exhibit values that correspond to optical gaps and are about 3.25-3.3 eV. The maxima of peaks in plots dR/dλ and dT/dλ versus wavelength of films exhibit optical gaps at about 3.12-3.25 eV.The values of the fundamental indirect band gap obtained from the Tauc model are at about 3.14-3.2 eV. It can be seen that films annealed at 600°C have the minimum indirect optical band gap at about 3.15 eV. The films annealed at 600°C have Urbach＇s energy minimum of 1.38 eV and hence have minimum disorder. The dispersion energy d of films annealed at 500°C has the minimum value of 43 eV.

New Methods in Genomic Research of Plants

Association mapping(as opposed to population mapping) is becoming more important in establishing associations between a phenotype and a genotype.The major advantage of association mapping,

Seismic safety assessment with non-Gaussian random processes for train-bridge coupled systems

Extensive high-speed railway(HSR)network resembled the intricate vascular system of the human body,crisscrossing mainlands.Seismic events,known for their unpredictability,pose a significant threat to both trains and bridges,given the HSR’s extended operational duration.Therefore,ensuring the running safety of train-bridge coupled(TBC)system,primarily composed of simply supported beam bridges,is paramount.Traditional methods like the Monte Carlo method fall short in analyzing this intricate system efficiently.Instead,efficient algorithm like the new point estimate method combined with moment expansion approximation(NPEM-MEA)is applied to study random responses of numerical simulation TBC systems.Validation of the NPEM-MEA’s feasibility is conducted using the Monte Carlo method.Comparative analysis confirms the accuracy and efficiency of the method,with a recommended truncation order of four to six for the NPEM-MEA.Additionally,the influences of seismic magnitude and epicentral distance are discussed based on the random dynamic responses in the TBC system.This methodology not only facilitates seismic safety assessments for TBC systems but also contributes to standard-setting for these systems under earthquake conditions.

Characteristics of Multi-Objective Linear Programming Problem and Multi-Objective Linear Fractional Programming Problem Taking Maximum Value of Multi-Objective Functions

In this paper, a new statistical averaging technique is proposed for finding an optimal solution to a multi-objective linear fractional programming problem (MOLFPP) and multi-objective linear programming problem (MOLPP) by using new arithmetic averaging method and new geometric averaging method. It is significantly noticeable same characteristics among all the technique while taking maximum or minimum among all optimized values for multi-objective functions using simplex algorithm. The characteristics provided from the problems are verified by the numerical examples.

New Method of Total Ionizing Dose Compact Modeling in Partially Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator MOSFETs

On the basis of a detailed discussion of the development of total ionizing dose （TID） effect model, a new commercial-model-independent TID modeling approach for partially depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide- semiconductor field effect transistors is developed. An exponential approximation is proposed to simplify the trap charge calculation. Irradiation experiments with 60Co gamma rays for IO and core devices are performed to validate the simulation results. An excellent agreement of measurement with the simulation results is observed.

A new expansion method of first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with at most a sixth-degree nonlinear term and its application to mBBM model

Based on a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with at most a sixth-degree nonlinear term which is extended from a type of elliptic equation, and by converting it into a new expansion form, this paper proposes a new algebraic method to construct exact solutions for nonlinear evolution equations. Being concise and straightforward, the method is applied to modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony （mBBM） model, and some new exact solutions to the system are obtained. The algorithm is of important significance in exploring exact solutions for other nonlinear evolution equations.

Evaluation of new Austrian tunnelling method applied to Bolu tunnel’s weak rocks

Since the development of the new Austrian tunnelling method(NATM)in the 1960s,this technique has been applied successfully in many tunnels.However,opinions of NATM principles emerged till 2000,i.e.NATM is not a tunnelling method,but an approach covering all general principles of tunnelling.To investigate the general principles of the NATM,this study focused on tunnelling practises in the Bolu tunnel,and evaluated the conditions under which the NATM practises could be effective.The Bolu tunnel project was designed following the NATM principles.It is evident that practises adopted in this tunnel are important with respect to the NATM.In addition,it shows that the solutions to the problems encountered in this tunnel are consistent with the NATM principles.Finally,the study determines the ground types of the NATM principles and proposes associated updates.

WAVE CURRENT FORCE COEFFICIENTS ON INCLINED CYLINDER AND A NEW ESTIMATION METHOD

Based on the review of present force coefficients estimation methods, a new method in the frequency domain, revised cross-spectrum estimation method, is presented in this paper. Some experiments on the wave-current force on inclined cylinders are also described and the wave current force coefficients are estimated by the revised cross-spectrum estimation method. From the results, it is found that the wave and current directions have some regular effect on the coefficients. According to the results, some empirical formulas are obtained for converting the wave-current force coefficients on inclined cylinders into a unified coefficient. Comparisons show that the unified coefficients are in good agreement with other results.

A new analytical-numerical method for calculating interacting stresses of a multi-hole problem under both remote and arbitrary surface stresses

Based on the elementary solutions and new integral equations,a new analytical-numerical method is proposed to calculate the interacting stresses of multiple circular holes in an infinite elastic plate under both remote stresses and arbitrarily distributed stresses applied to the circular boundaries.The validity of this new analytical-numerical method is verified by the analytical solution of the bi-harmonic stress function method,the numerical solution of the finite element method,and the analytical-numerical solutions of the series expansion and Laurent series methods.Some numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of the hole geometry parameters(radii and relative positions)and loading conditions(remote stresses and surface stresses)on the interacting tangential stresses and interacting stress concentration factors(SCFs).The results show that whether the interference effect is shielding(k<1)or amplifying(k>1)depends on the relative orientation of holes(α)and remote stresses(σ^∞x,σ^∞y).When the maximum principal stress is aligned with the connecting line of two-hole centers andσ^∞y<0.5σ^∞x,the plate containing two circular holes has greater stability than that containing one circular hole,and the smaller circular hole has greater stability than the bigger one.This new method not only has a simple formulation and high accuracy,but also has an advantage of wide applications over common analytical methods and analytical-numerical methods in calculating the interacting stresses of a multi-hole problem under both remote and arbitrary surface stresses.

A New Multidimensional Time Series Forecasting Method Based on the EOF Iteration Scheme

In this paper a new .mnultidimensional time series forecasting scheme based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) stepwise iteration process is introduced. The scheme is tested in a series of forecast experiments of Nino3 SST anomalies and Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The results show that the scheme is feasible and ENSO predictable.

A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENOLS AND ITS DERIVATIVES

a-Oxo ketene dithioacetals 2 via 1,2-nucleophilie addition by methallyl magnesius chloride afforded corresponding alcohols (3). Treated with water or methanol and catalyzed by Lewis acid, the alcohols 3 were converted regiospecifical ly to substituted phenols 5' or related phenol methyl ethers 5 respectively. This reaction is a novel approach to the synthesis of phenols and their derivatives starting from non-aromatic precursors.

Applying the New Extended Direct Algebraic Method to Solve the Equation of Obliquely Interacting Waves in Shallow Waters

In this study,the potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(pKP)equation,which describes the oblique interaction of surface waves in shallow waters,is solved by the new extended direct algebraic method.The results of the study show that by applying the new direct algebraic method to the pKP equation,the behavior of the obliquely interacting surface waves in two dimensions can be analyzed.This article fairly clarifies the behaviors of surface waves in shallow waters.In the literature,several mathematical models have been developed in attempt to study these behaviors,with nonlinear mathematics being one of the most important steps;however,the investigations are still at a level that can be called‘baby steps’.Therefore,every study to be carried out in this context is of great importance.Thus,this study will serve as a reference to guide scientists working in this field.

New Method for 3D Transient Eddy Current Field Calculation and Its Application in Magneto-Acoustic Tomography

A new method of 3D transient eddy current field calculation is proposed. The Maxwell equations with time component elimination （METCE） are derived under the assumption of magnetic quasi static approximation, especially for the sample of low conductivity. Based on METCE, we deduce a more efficient reconstruction algorithm of a 3D transient eddy current field. The computational burden is greatly reduced through the new algorithm, and the computational efficiency is improved. This new algorithm decompounds the space-time variables into two individual variables. The idea is to solve the spatial vector component firstly, and then multiply it by the corresponded time component. The iterative methods based on METCE are introduced to recover the distribution of conductivity in magneto-acoustic tomography. The reconstructed images of conductivity are consistent with the original distribution, which validate the new method.

NEW METHOD FOR GENERATION OF t-BUTYL PERFLUOROALKYL NITROXIDES

Electron transfer reactions between O-benzoyl t-butylhydroxyl- amine,t-BuNHOCOPh(1)and perfluorodiacyl peroxides(RfCO_2)_2(2)may serve as a novel method for generating useful t-hutyl perfluoroalkyl nitroxldes at room temperature in CFCl2-CF2Cl.

A new method to identify and improve the purity of hybrid rice with herbicide resistant gene

There is a close relationship between the hy—brid rice production and seed purity.Two-linehybrid rice with higher heterosis is producedthrough the hybridization between a photo-thermo sensitive genetic male sterile(GMS) rice line and a paternal variety.But the fertili-

A NEW METHOD FOR THE AROMATIZATION OF 18-METHYL-ESTRA-4(5), 9(10)-DIEN-3,17-DIONE

An aromatization reaction was found when 18--methyl--estra--4(5), 9(10)--dien--3, 17--dione(6) was treated with triethyl orthoforrnate in dioxane in the presence of catalytic amount of p--toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), and 18--methyl--9(11) --dehydroestrone--3--ethyl ether (8) was obtained in 70% yield. The mechanism was found to be a process of etherification--oxidation reaction.