TWO NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW COMBINATION OF THE CONIFER SAWFLY FAMILY DIPRIONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: SYMPHYTA) FROM YUNNAN, CHINA

In this paper two new species of Diprionidae were described from Yunnan Province, China, Gilpinia hebedentata, sp. n. and Macrodiprion wui, sp. n. Another species recorded in Yunnan, Gilpinia disa Smith, was transferred from Gilpinia Benson to Microdiprion Enslin. Macrodiprion Enslin is a newly recorded genus in China.

A New Combination Cladotanytarsus gracilistylus (Chaudhuri & Datta,1992) (Ditptera:Chironomidae) from China

Tanytarsus gracilistylus （Chaudhuri ＆ Datta, 1992） is replaced to Cladotanytarsus gracilistylus as new combination. The detail re-description is given. A key to male of Cladotanytarsus from China is presented.

A New Combination and Two Varieties of Polystigmate Gomphonema (Gomphonemaceae Bacillariophyta) from Heilongjiang Province, China

The authors discribed a new polystigmate combination, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. okamurae (Skv.) Fan et Bao.comb.nov., and two new varieties, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. latum Fan et Wang. var. nov. and Gomphonema acuminatum var. obtusum Fan et Bao, var. nov., that were distinguished by frustule morphology under LM. The samples were collected from freshwater of Heilongjiang Province, China.

Shan-You 10-A New Combination of Hybrid Rice

Hybrid rice Shan-You 10 was first madein 1982 by combining Zhen-Shan 97A,a wildcytoplasmic male sterile line used widely inChina,with Milyang 46 introduced from IRRIin 1981.In the following years,this combi-nation was tested and passed through differentformal tests including yield potential tests,

Comparative Test of New Late Indica Hybrid Rice Combinations with Good Quality

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen rice varieties suitable for planting in Nanchang City with high quality,high yield,good yield,and strong disease and stress resistance.[Methods]Seven new late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality bred in Jiangxi Province in recent years and seven new late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality bred by Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were introduced,and compared with Tianyouhuazhan as a control.[Results]The rice quality and taste of the tested combinations were better than those of the control.Among the tested combinations,Yuliangyoufuxiangzhan,Xintaiyousizhan,Yuxiangliangyou No.8 and Guangheyou 33 had good stress resistance,high yield and good rice quality.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of new rice varieties in Nanchang City.

New hybrid rice combination—Xieyou 46

Hybrid rice combination Xieyou 46 was first bred by combining CMS line Xieqingzao A with restorer line Milyang 46 at CNRRI in 1983. It can be used as single season or late season new indica hybrid rice combination. Having passed provincial level yield trials in the following years, it was released in 1990 with the permission of Zhejiang Provincial Government, later on recommended as one of the top commercial hybrid rice combination by China State Science and Technology Commission. By the end of 1992, Xieyou 46 has been planted as a late season or single season hybrid ricc combination along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the planting area has reached 3.35 million ha. It has become one of the most important late season hybrid rice combinations in Zhejiang Province. Characteristics of Xieyou 46: Xieyou 46 has a suitable growth duration of 125-130 d as late season rice or 127-134 d as single season rice, 2-3 d shorter than those of Shanyou 6. It bas a compact plant type, high tilleri

Singchia and Gunnaria,two new genera of Orchidaceae

Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which it differs by having a lip with its basal margins immovably adnate to the lower part of the pendent column foot, a thin-walled spur, and very unequally and deeply split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle. In addition to a discussion on Ascocentrum pusillum, a species of questionable placement, another new genus, namely Gunnaria S. C. Chen ex Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is set up and a new combination, namely G. pusilla （Aver.） Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is made. The new genus Gunnaria differs from its allyAscocentrum by having a cross-shaped pollinarium, sulcate or split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle attached to a common linear stipe much longer than either pollinia or viscidium, and strongly incurved side lobes of the lip.

Taxonomic notes on Leptonetidae(Arachnida,Araneae)from China,with descriptions of one new genus and eight new species

Species of the spider family Leptonetidae Simon,1890 from China are revised based on molecular and morphological data analyses.A new genus,Jingneta Wang&Li gen.nov.,is erected,with Leptoneta cornea Tong&Li,2008 as the type species.Twenty-two Chinese species previously assigned to the genus Leptoneta Simon,1872 are revised,with eight transferred to Falcileptoneta Komatsu,1970,seven transferred to Jingneta gen.nov.,five transferred to Leptonetela Kratochvil,1978,and one species each transferred to Longileptoneta Seo,2015 and Masirana Kishida,1942.Eight new species are described:i.e.,Falcileptoneta shuanglong Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂),Jingneta caoxian Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂♀),J.jingdong Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂♀),Longileptoneta gutan Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂♀),L.huangshan Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂♀),L.shenxian Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂♀),L.yeren Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂),and L.zhuxian Wang&Li sp.nov.(♂♀).In total,127 leptonetid species from six genera are documented from China:nine species of Falcileptoneta,nine species of Jingneta gen.nov.,101 species of Leptonetela,six species of Longileptoneta,one species of Masirana,and one species of Rhyssoleptoneta Tong&Li,2007.

A New Design of Student Apartment Bed Based on Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics

Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of ＂perfect＂ and ＂good＂ membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.

Developing high-efficiency base editors by combining optimized synergistic core components with new types of nuclear localization signal peptide

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base editor(ABE) allow generating precise and irreversible base mutations in a programmable manner and have been used in many different types of cells and organisms. However, their applications are limited by low editing efficiency at certain genomic target sites or at specific target cytosine(C) or adenine(A) residues. Using a strategy of combining optimized synergistic core components, we developed a new multiplex super-assembled ABE(sABE) in rice that showed higher base-editing efficiency than previously developed ABEs. We also designed a new type of nuclear localization signal(NLS) comprising a FLAG epitope tag with four copies of a codon-optimized NLS(F4NLS^(r2)) to generate another ABE named F4NLS-sABE. This new NLS increased editing efficiency or edited additional A at several target sites. A new multiplex super-assembled CBE(sCBE) and F4NLS^(r2) involved F4NLS-sCBE were also created using the same strategy. F4NLS-sCBE was proven to be much more efficient than sCBE in rice. These optimized base editors will serve as powerful genome-editing tools for basic research or molecular breeding in rice and will provide a reference for the development of superior editing tools for other plants or animals.

Taxonomic notes of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) from China and Vietnam

Ten new species of the spider family Theridiidae Sundevall,1833 from China and Vietnam are described:Chrysso shantinggui sp.nov.(♂♀),Gushangzao andaoquan sp.nov.(♂),Moneta oupeng sp.nov.(♂♀),Phycosoma yanshun sp.nov.(♂♀),Spinembolia gaofani sp.nov.(♀),S.jiangjing sp.nov.(♂♀),S.lingzhen sp.nov.(♂♀),Stemmops dengfei sp.nov.(♂♀),Takayus xiaorang sp.nov.(♂♀),Yaginumena weidingguo sp.nov.(♀).The unknown sexes of Allothymoites sculptilis Gao&Li,2014,Gyro zeppeli Lin&Li,2024,Parasteatoda longiducta Zhu,1998 are described for the first time.

STUDY ON THE GENUS ORALIA MALAISE (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) OF CHINA ①

The genus Oralia Malaise is recorded from China with three species described as new to science: Oralia fulva sp. nov., Oralia acuritheca sp. nov., Oralia tibetana sp. nov.. The genus Himindica Saini, 1996 is treated as junior synonym of Oralia Malaise, 1961. Two new specific synonyms and two new combinations are proposed: Oralia nigroclypeata Malaise, 1961 = Himindica nigrothorax Saini et Vasu, 1997, syn. nov., Oralia fossulata Malaise, 1961 = Himindica maculipleuris Saini et Vasu, 1997, syn. nov.; Oralia himalayaensis (Saini et Deep, 1991), comb. nov., Oralia meghalayaensis (Saini et Vasu, 1997), comb. nov. A synoptic key is also provided for the known species of Oralia Malaise.

Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea Ⅳ: Family Bougainvilliidae (Anthomedusae)

This study reviews all genera and species belonging to the family Bougainvilliidae from the South China Sea. The Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang, 2004 formerly included in the genus Nubiella, now is transferred to a new genus Paranubiella and included in the Bougainvilliidae as Paranubiella atentaculata （Xu and Huang, 2004） n. comb.. Two new species, Paranubiella nanhaiensis Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. and Nubiella apapillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. from the South China Sea are described and illustrated in the present paper. In addition, the key to known genera of family Bougainvilliidae and species of genus Nubiella are described. Other data are briefly summarized to the list of species presented on the family Bougainvilliidae in the South China Sea. The type species were deposited at the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration.

The identity of Dinochloa species and enumeration of Melocalamus(Poaceae:Bambusoideae) in China

Three woody bamboo species collected in Hainan,China in 1940 have been described as Dinochloa based on vegetative specimens.However,the identity of these species has long been in doubt,largely because the vegetative phase in species of Dinochloa is morphologically similar to that in species of Melocalamus,a climbing or scrambling bamboo genus of the paleotropical woody bamboos(Poaceae:Bambusoideae)that consists of about 15 species and one variety.To determine the phylogenetic affinity of the three Dinochloa species from Hainan,we sampled almost all recognized Chinese species of Melocalamus and representative species of Dinochloa as well as other closely related genera,performed molecular phylogenetic analysis,and compared their morphology based on herbarium and fieldwork investigation.Our ddRAD data indicate that the three species from Hainan are closely related to Melocalamus,not Dinochloa.Morphological analysis showed that these three species have a climbing habit but do not grow spirally,their culm leaves have smooth bases,and there is a ring of powder and/or tomenta above and below the nodes.Taken together our findings indicate that the three species from Hainan originally published in Dinochloa should be transferred to Melocalamus,i.e.,Melocalamus orenudus(McClure) D.Z.Li& J.X.Liu,Melocalamus puberulus(McClure) D.Z.Li & J.X.Liu,and Melocalamus utilis(McClure) D.Z.Li &J.X.Liu,respectively.This study concludes with an enumeration of Chinese species of Melocalamus,with a key to nine recognized species and one variety,and a lectotypification for M. compatiflorus.

Notes on the genera Anaesthetobrium Pic and Microestola Gressitt(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae:Lamiinae)

This paper deals with the genera Anaesthetobrium Pic,1923 and Microestola Gressitt,1940 belonging to the tribe Desmiphorini.Microestola Gressitt,1940 is reinstated from synonyms of Cylindilla Bates,1884.Two new synonyms are proposed:Eunidiopsis Breuning,1939 syn.nov.=Anaesthetobrium Pic,1923 and Mimopothyne Breuning,1956 syn.nov.=Microestola Gressitt,1940.Two new combinations are made:Anaesthetobrium bicolor(Breuning,1939)comb.nov.previously in genus Eunidiopsis Breuning,1939,and Microestola flavolineata(Breuning,1956)comb.nov.previously in genus Mimopothyne Breuning,1956.

The study on the genus dasyphora robineau-desvoidy from China （Diptera： Muscidae）

In this paper, original Eudasyphora Townsend and Rypellia Malloch are incorporated in Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy, both list as subgenus of Dasyphora, which 6 species are combinated newly, we give a key to subgenus and species of Dasyphora known from China, and a complemented description of females of Dasyphora quadrisetosa.

Research on seismic performance and design method of combined steel lead energy dissipation structure(Ⅰ)

A new combined steel lead damper (NCSLD) was presented. Construction and working mechanism of NCSLD were introduced,pseudo-static tests of the small size dampers which would be used in the subsequent shaking table tests were carried out for the study of mechanical properties of NCSLD using electro-hydraulic servo press-shear machine. Processing technology of the damper was improved. Shaking table tests under two-dimensional excitation on structural aseismic control of a one-story structure model were carried out using the small size NCSLD; parameters of the structure and shaking table were also introduced. Results indicate that process improvement is beneficial to the implementation of working mechanism of the damper,NCSLD has full hysteresis loop which takes on bilinearity,NCSLD has obvious energy dissipation effect and it can control structural seismic response effectively.

Taxonomical notes on the family Ptilocodiidae (Anthomedusae) from the central and southern of South China Sea, with a new genus and a new species

This study reviews the Ptilocodiidae from South China Sea, including three species. The diagnoses of the family and each genus are provided. A new genus, Tregouboviopsis Guo, Xu ＆ Huang, gen. nov. is erected, based on the monotypy, Tregouboviopsis perradialis （Xu, Huang ＆ Du, 2012） comb. nov., which is transferred from the genus Tregoubovia. A free eumedusoid of Hydrichthella ocellata Xu, Huang ＆ Wang, sp. nov. is described in the present paper. A key to known genera of family Ptilocodiidae is presented. All type specimens are deposited in the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science.

Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese PhasmatodeaⅪ:New taxa and new nomenclature of Medaurini(Phasmatidae:Clitumninae)from China

This paper describes two new genera and two new species,Megacnipsomorpha gen nov.,Parapachymorpha granulata sp.nov.,Parapachymorpha parvicorne sp.nov.,and Spinoparapachymorpha gen nov.,from Medaurini of China.

Taxonomy and systematics of a new pleurostomatid ciliate, Pseudolitonotus spirelis gen. et sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Haptoria)

Recent studies have revealed a high diversity of pleurostomatid ciliates in brackish habitats. Here, a novel species, Pseudolitonotus spirelis gen. et sp. n., isolated from a mangrove wetland of southern China, was investigated based on living observation, protargol staining, and molecular analyses. The new genus Pseudolitonotus gen. n. is characterized by the last left somatic kinety (LKn) being shortened and none of the right somatic kineties extending to the anterior end of the cell, thus distinguishing it from all known pleurostomatid genera. The type species, Pseudolitonotus spirelis sp. n., is characterized by the possession of two macronuclear nodules, 11–15 right and 7–9 left kineties, a single contractile vacuole subterminally located, extrusomes evenly spaced along the entire ventral margin and some forming an “apical group”, two types of cortical granules, and the bottom of the oral slit invariably being twisted. Litonotus gracilis (Pan et al. Eur J Protistol 51:494–506, 2015) is believed to be another member of this new genus as its LKn and right somatic kineties are all shortened. Hence, a new combination, Pseudolitonotus gracilis (Pan et al., 2015) comb. n., is suggested and its diagnosis is improved. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data reveal that Pseudolitonotus gen. n. is monophyletic and groups with Apolitonotus (Pan et al. J Eukaryot Microbiol 67:252–262, 2020) of the family Protolitonotidae (Wu et al. Zool Scr 46:245–253, 2017). However, the familial assignment of this new genus is uncertain based on current data.