A Glance on the Mineral Deposits and Stratigraphic Sequential Variations and Structures in Different Sections of Indus Basin (Pakistan): New Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaurs from the Latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Pakistan

Indus basin hosts many significant mineral deposits like gypsum and cement raw materials, gemstones, iron, coal, marble, dimension and construction stones, petroleum and water resources, world class pink salt and other many minerals in different regions which need further exploitation and development. The construction of new water dams in different regions are vital (for availability of cheap electricity), because of available barren and fertile lands and wastage of water as flood. Further the installation of more cement industries in different regions of Indus Basin especially in middle Indus (Sulaiman Range where gypsum, clays and limestones can be available via belt) can increase export to receive more foreign exchange and make local cement cheap for the sustainable development of Pakistan. 31 stratigraphic sequential sections at different sections of Indus basins are presented to know the variation and local stratigraphy. Further here three new titanosaur taxa are being described. Saraikimasoom is based on snout;Gspsaurus, (Maojandino), Nicksaurus and Khanazeem are based on cranial, vertebral and appendicular elements;Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Pakisaurus, and 3 new genera and species Imrankhanhero zilefatmi, Qaikshaheen masoomniazi and Ikqaumishan smqureshi based on vertebral and appendicular elements;and Sulaimanisaurus and Khetranisaurus based on only caudal vertebrae. Although Pakistani Titanosaurians seem to be proliferated found from one horizon of Vitakri Formation just below the K-Pg boundary they have a wide range of diagnostic features and key elements among titanosaurs which can be used for comparison and phylogenetic analyses with broad updated character data set of titanosaurs.

Analysis of Mineralization System and Prediction of New-Type Ore Deposits

The discovery of new-type ore deposits, an important approach to guarantee the mineral resources supply in the 21st century, often brings about a gigantic increase in the mineral resources reserves. The analysis of mineralization system is of great importance to the discovery of new type ore deposits. ① The understanding of the relationship among various ore deposit types within a mineralization system in a region can help us to locate the unknown ore deposit types from the known ore deposit types, evidence that has been proved in the mineral prospecting history of ore belts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. ② The understanding of the spatial structure of a mineralization system, especially of the vertical zonation, is helpful for the discovery of the concealed ore deposit types. ③ Clarifying the temporal structure of a mineralization system, including the iteration relationship between the mineral deposit types in the mineralization, leads to the location of the missing mineralization chains from the known mineralization chains (mineral deposit type), a method often proved to be effective in the magmatic hydrothermal mineralization system.④ Clarifying the factors restraining the diversity of mineral deposit types in mineralization system leads to the discovery of the potential of new type mineral deposits in relevant region. ⑤ Studying new mineralization setting and new ore forming processes leads to discovery of new type mineral deposit. More probabilities of discovery of new type mineral deposits are present in biogenic mineralization system, deep sea mineralization system, low temperature mineralization system, tectonic mineralization system and superimposed mineralization system.

Geology and Geochemistry of the Yangtizishan-Moshishan Metamorphosed Sedimentary Anatase Deposit in Zhenglan Qi,Inner Mongolia:Discovery of a New Genetic Type of Titanium Deposit

Anatase and its allomorphic mineral rutile have the most prominent economic significance among titanium mineral resources and constitute one of the badly needed mineral resources currently in China. The Yantizishan-Moshishan anatase deposit was formerly referred to as an iron deposit. Based on recent investigation and exploration the authors believe that it is actually a large metamorphosed sedimentary anatase-dominated deposit belonging to a new genetic type. Ore bodies occur in stratoid and lenticular forms in Mesoproterozoic （1751 Ma） schist, metasandstone （metasiltstone）, and amphibolite. Rich ores have perthitic structure comprising chiefly interbedded quartz perthite （with disseminated anatase and rutile） and anatase perthite. Ore minerals are mainly anatase and subordinately rutile and ilmenite （±hematite）, while nonmetallic minerals are chiefly quartz with a certain amount of anthophyllite and biotite （±garnet）. The grain sizes of anatase, ruffle and ilmenite are 0.01-0.1 mm. Rich ores contain 3.14% to 15.46% TiO2. averaging 6.91%, while the low-grade ores have TiO2 content about 1.2%to 2.97%, averaging 1.76%. The ores have relatively high TFe and V contents. Trace elements in anatase and rutile such as Nb and Cr were analyzed by the electron microprobe. According to their relatively low Nb and Cr contents, source anatase and rutile must have come from meta-mafic rocks. Trace elements of the associated ilmenite show relatively high MnO and low MgO contents, just in contrast to those of ilmenite in V-Ti-magnetite ores of magmatic origin. The protoliths of amphibolite wall rocks should be basalt and picrite-basalt. Pertochemical data suggest that the tectonic setting of these rocks belongs to an island arc or a transitional belt between the island arc and oceanic ridge. Silicon isotope study shows that δ30Si values of different anatase ores, quartzite, and schist in this deposit are 0.1‰ to -0.9‰, similar to those of marine hydrothermal exhalative sedimentary deposits. All of these geological and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposit suggest that the anatase ores and amphibolite are products of submarine basic volcanism. The ores had chemical precipitation features, but were later subjected to regional intermediate （or somewhat lower） grade metamorphism （1158 Ma）. Rutile was formed mainly in the process of this metamorphism. The ore belt locally underwent hydrothermal modification during the emplacement of Late Yanshanian granite （118 Ma）.

New Insights into the Depositional Environments of Ordovician Carbonate Formations in the Yubei Area of Tarim Basin Based on Standard Microfacies Types

Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential. Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development, seal formation and hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, this work utilized the standard microfacies （SMF） types to study the microfacies of the Ordovician formations in the Yubei area in order to provide theoretical basis for the next exploration.

REE Characteristics of a New Uranium Mineral from the Xianshi Uranium Deposit, South China

Objective Galuskin et al. （2011） firstly discovered that vorlanite （CaU^6＋/4＋）04 is a rare Ca-rich mineral with a fluorite-type structure, which is isostructural with uraninite （U^4＋O2）. Previous studies of the Xianshi granite-related uranium deposit reported that uraninite and pyrite are the major ore minerals whereas galena, clausthalite （PbSe）, and pyrite are minor phases in the ores. A more detailed petrographic and geochronological study of the uranium minerals from the Xianshi deposit showed that there are three distinct types of uraninite-bearing assemblages which formed at three mineralization episodes （Fig. la; Luo et al., 2015）.

New Discovery of Shizhushan Superlarge Wollastonite Deposit in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province

Objective The Mengshan area of the Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province is an important wollastonite production base in China. As early as the 90s of the 20th century, more than ten medium to small-sized wollastonite deposits, such as the Yueguangshan and Caofangmiao Deposits were discovered in the outer contact zone of the Mengshan rock mass. After that, no more progress was achieved in wollastonite prospection. In 2016, the project funded by the Geological Prospecting Fund of Jiangxi Province made significant breakthroughs in the ＂General Survey of the Shizhushan Wollastonite Ore in the Yushui District and Zhangmuqiao Wollastonite Ore in Shanggao County, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province＂ in the Mengshan area. The new discovered Shizhushan Wollastonite Deposit has a scale of 50 million tons and its resources scale far exceeds that of the Seeleys Bay Wollastonite Deposit discovered in Canada.

New Recognized Intellect for Prospecting Large-superlarge Mineral Deposits

Based on the data base of 1285 mineral deposits of 22 commodities in 121 countries of 6 continents of the world, the authors use the linear trend analysis for their reserves to determine the cut-off limited order of reserves to select 36 exceptional superlarge （as peak mineral）, 95 superlarge and 314 large deposits as new recognized intellect for their quantitative change. We have projected above 445 large-superlarge deposits on （1：5 M） global tectonic background map and divided 4 metallogenic domains, 21 metallogenic belts. Global metallogeny of large-superlarge deposits are： unity by endogenic, exogenic metamorphic and epigenetic in origin; speciality in different metallogenic domains and belts; preferentiality to ore-forming elements of Cu, Au, Fe, Ag, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, Sb, Hg, to continental margins or plate convergent belts, to Intra-continental tectono-magmatic complex belts and Large ductile shear zones; abnormality by the global oxyatmversion （excess oxygen atmospheric event） in Archean, redoxyatmversion （lack oxygen atmospheric event） in Proterozoic-Paleozoic, and tectonosphere thermal erosion （great amount of tectonic magmatic event） in Mesozoic-Cenozoic.

A New Chronological Report of the Hongshi Breccia-Host Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Region,China

Objective The western Qinling belongs to the western part of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen between the North China Block and South China Block. Multiple orogenic events might be responsible for different types of gold mineralization, making the western Qinling gold region one of the most important gold metallogenic belts in China. This region has demonstrated a total gold resource of 〉500 t and more than ten gold deposits with gold resource of 〉20 t. Almost all gold deposits in the western Qinling gold region can be classified into two distinct genetic types as orogenic （such as the Shuangwang,

High Quality SiGe Layer Deposited by a New Ultrahigh Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition System

An ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) system is developed and the details of its construction and operation are reported. Using high purity SiH4 and GeH4 reactant gases, the Si0.82Ge0.18 layer is deposited at 550℃. With the measurements by double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscppy (RBS) techniques, it is shown that the crystalline quality of the SiGe layer is good, and the underlying SiGe/Si heterointerface is sharply defined.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Granodiorite from the Shayikenbulake Be Deposit in Altay, Xinjiang and its Significance

Objective Intrusive rocks are widely distributed in Altay, Xinjiang, and appear in every structural belt. The rocks are mainly granite （Song Peng et al., 2017）, which formed from 523 Ma to 202 Ma and can be divided into five periods： 479-421 Ma, 410-370 Ma, 368-313 Ma, 300- 252 Ma and 247-202 Ma. However, intrusive rocks earlier than the Ordovician are rarely found. The small- scale low-grade metamorphic granite intruded in the Kanasi Group is the oldest intrusion reported up to now, which is the only one formed in the Early Cambrian （5234-19 Ma, Liu Yuan et al., 2013）. Few Cambrian intrusions limit the study of early magmatic-tectonic evolution in Altay. Medium-free-grained granodiorite is exposed widely in the Shayikenbulake deposit of Central Altay, and occurs as batholith. It formed in the Early Cambrian indicated by U-Pb dating, and is an ideal intrusion for studying Cambrian magmatic-tectonic events in Altay.

A new discovery of The Early Cretaceous Supercritical Hyperpycnal Flow Deposits on Lingshan Island,East China

Objective Understanding the dynamics of sediment gravity flows is of great importance to correctly interpret their related deposits. The discovery of supercritical sediment gravity flows provides some new viewpoints for the explanation of controversial sediment gravity flow deposits. However, the dynamics, formation, evolution processes of supercritical sediment gravity flows and their recognition criteria from their associated deposits are still worldwide controversial. The supercritical hyperpycnal flow deposits recognized in the upper part of Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opporttmity to understand their sedimentary characteristics. This work is aimed at documenting the typical sedimentary structures associated with the supercritical hyperpycnal flow, and discussing the vertical stacking and its relationship with flow evolution.

川东北宣汉地区海相“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”的发现、突破与前景

全球探明钾盐资源主体为古代海相可溶性固体钾盐矿床(氯化钾、光卤石),仅少量来自现代盐湖卤水钾矿。与国外不同的是,目前我国探明钾盐资源主体为现代陆相盐湖钾矿,古代海相可溶性固体钾盐找矿40余年,未获突破。四川盆地是我国主要大型海相成钾盆地之一,前人在中—下三叠统发现大量与硬石膏和白云石共伴生或互层的杂卤石,但绝大部分埋深超过2000 m,目前尚难以开发利用。2017年以来,笔者通过对四川盆地东北部宣汉盐盆普光地区卤水探井(恒成2、3井)岩芯复查,发现杂卤石主要与石盐共伴生,大量破碎的杂卤石碎屑颗粒分布于石盐基质中,KCl含量达边界工业品位以上,不同于钾石盐和光卤石,亦不同于前人发现的与硬石膏和白云石共伴生或互层的杂卤石(石膏型杂卤石),将之命名为“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”。小试和中试结果表明,该“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”可以采用对接井注水溶采,是能够得到规模化开发利用的“活矿”,是一种全新的硫酸盐+氯化物复合型海相可溶性固体钾盐矿床新类型。通过成钾条件、成矿规律综合研究,笔者提出了新型杂卤石钾盐矿“双控复合成矿”理论新认识、建立了“三高、两低、一大”综合测井识别新模型,创新理论技术指导设计部署“钾锂兼探”基准井——川宣地1井,探获厚29.46 m、氯化钾(KCl)平均含量12.03%(最高20.5%)的“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”厚层高品位工业矿层。与此同时,采用岩芯样品实测数据和测井解释数据拟合的方法,建立矿石K含量和密度参数的测井定量预测模型,结合“气钾兼探”,利用33口钻井数据,依据古代固体盐类勘查规范(2020),运用“几何法”,初步估算“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”氯化钾(KCl)资源规模:推断资源量2.45亿t(超大型)、潜在资源4.65亿t,合计7.1亿t,奠定了川东北达州市宣汉地区形成中国首个亿吨级海相钾盐基地的资源基础,取得了我国海相可溶性固体钾盐找矿的重大突破。

The Material Source of a New Type of Copper Deposits-Evidence from Stable Isotopes

The new type of copper deposits concerned with in this paper are vein copperdeposits found in the Lanping-Simao Rift Basin, Yunnan, China. As is indicated by H,O, C, S, Pb and Sr isotopes, water and mineralisers in the ore-forming fluids were derivedfrom heated meteoric waer and mantle, respectively. The metallic elements (Cu, Ag, Pb,Zn, As, Sb, Fe, REE, etc.) are characterised by a mised source from the crust and themantle.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Devonian Granites in the Niukutou Lead-Zinc Deposit, Qinghai Province and its Significance for Prospecting Blind Orebodies

Object The Eastern Kunlun Orogen(EKO), An important part of the Tethyan orogenic belt in the northern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(Li et al., 2014; Ren Haidong et al., 2016), is a key area for geological research and mineral exploration(Li Bile et al., 2015). The Qimantag Mountain is located in middle segment of the EKO, which has experienced the Early Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic–Early

红石岩堰塞坝新堆积体动三轴试验研究

牛栏江上的红石岩堰塞坝新堆积体以石灰岩和白云岩为主,级配和密度离散性较大。同时,已有研究结果表明,红石岩新堆积体具有黏性粗粒土性质,静力参数具有明显的离散性,需开展其岩土料的动力参数研究,以为将其利用改建为水利枢纽提供基础材料数据。采用GDS动三轴仪,对红石岩新堆积体进行了动剪切模量比与阻尼比试验,研究新堆积体动应力应变特性及其影响因素。试验结果表明:随着剪应变的不断增大,新堆积体动剪切模量比不断减小,阻尼比随之增大。新堆积体动力特性受围压影响较为明显,最大动剪切模量随着围压的增大而增大。在相同剪应变条件下,随着围压、干密度、粗颗粒含量的增大,动剪切模量比逐渐增大,阻尼比逐渐减小。另一方面,新堆积体细粒含量较多,颗粒岩性复杂,风化程度差异明显,导致其动力特性具有一定的离散性,与人工筑坝堆石料存在明显差异。

郑明华矿(Zhengminghuaite):黔西南卡林型金矿床中新矿物的发现及其成矿学意义

郑明华矿是最近在黔西南紫木凼卡林型金矿床中发现的一种硫盐类新矿物。文章在概述郑明华矿产出状态、物理性质、光学特征、化学组成和晶体结构基础上,侧重介绍该新矿物形成的地质背景、显微组构特征及与同型系列其他矿物的关系,并结合矿物共生组合特征,探讨其形成的物理化学条件。郑明华矿产于受断层破碎带控制的角砾状金矿石中,与其共生或伴生的矿物为成矿晚阶段石英、雄黄和方解石,以及少量至微量As-Sb-Hg-Tl的硫化物和硫盐。郑明华矿为不透明矿物,金属光泽,性脆易碎,无解理,莫氏硬度约为4;反射色为浅灰色,双反射和反射多色性不显至微弱,非均质性微弱,反射率为23%~29%(546 nm);理想化学式为Cu_(6)Fe_(3)As_(4)S_(12),三方晶系,空间群R3,晶胞参数:a=13.5373(17)Å,c=9.2354(13)Å,V=1465.7(4)Å^(3)(Z=3),属硫砷锌铜矿同型系列的新矿物。郑明华矿形成于成矿主阶段含金富砷黄铁矿、毒砂等Fe硫化物沉淀后的成矿晚阶段,但主要形成于雄黄等As硫化物大量沉淀前,在此期间成矿流体的硫逸度(f(S_(2)))升高了1~2个对数单位,温度降低了60~100℃。郑明华矿的发现及与其他热液矿物的共生组合关系,为揭示卡林型金矿床的成矿过程和成矿物理化学条件提供了重要信息。

首钢秘鲁马尔科纳铁矿地质特征及找矿新发现

首钢秘鲁马尔科纳铁矿位于安第斯山脉西南侧的秘鲁中南部沿海沙漠地带。目前探明或开采的多个铁矿体均呈层状、似层状,走向NE向或近EW向,倾向NW或N。单个矿体走向延伸达2000~2700 m,厚度100~300 m,倾向延伸200~1000 m,为超大型铁矿床。铁矿赋存于古生界马尔科纳组和中生界塞里托斯组中,不同地层的铁矿石结构构造、化学成分有所不同,其中马尔科纳组中的铁矿石品位较高,品质较好;塞里托斯组中的铁矿石品位较低。随着矿山不断开采,需要增加后备资源,优先寻找赋存于马尔科纳组中的高品位铁矿体。通过分析研究区内航磁异常和地磁异常数据,在矿区东部塞里托斯组与马尔科纳组交界处发现马尔科纳铁矿A-53磁异常区,该异常长约880 m,宽约400 m,面积约0.35 km~2,异常南端梯度大,北端梯度小,该异常极大值4400 nT。推测该异常深部的马尔科纳组中存在隐伏铁矿体。通过钻孔验证,在该磁异常区发现了分别赋存于塞里托斯组和马尔科纳组中的厚大隐伏铁矿体,铁矿石资源量约1.5亿吨,是首钢秘鲁马尔科纳铁矿近期找矿工作的一个新突破。

甘肃省肃北县双沟山等两幅1∶5万矿产远景调查新进展

为大致查明北山、双沟山一带成矿地质条件和矿产资源特征,开展了甘肃省肃北县双沟山等两幅1∶5万矿产远景调查工作。通过4年工作,对研究区内的地层进行了详细厘定和重新划分,建立了岩浆演化序列及构造格架;首次在马鞍山北幅中酸性岩体中发现了超基性岩,确定四顶黑山—双沟山断裂以北的二长花岗岩形成时代为早泥盆世,确定干河梁斜长黑云石英片岩形成时代为新太古代—古元古代;新发现矿床2处、矿点7处、矿化点8处。其中,双沟山铜镍矿是东天山铜镍成矿带东延区域甘肃省北山北带铜镍找矿取得的新突破;通过综合研究,研究区划分出6个成矿远景区,圈定出10个找矿靶区,为今后找矿工作指出了方向。

押金制度下参考质量/价格效应的产品定价策略

为研究顾客在押金制度下参考质量/价格对制造商定价决策的影响,构建了以制造商利润最大化为目标的产品定价模型。运用斯坦伯格博弈理论和最优化方法求出产品最优定价,通过解析方法和数值分析方法分别进行了灵敏度分析及模型比较。结果表明,参考价格/质量效应下再制造品的接受程度、产品的耐用性及押金等参数影响了制造商的最优利润,决定了制造商是否采用押金制度;制造商利润随着参考质量效应程度的增加而减少,随着参考价格效应程度的增加而增加;合理使用押金制度下参考价格效应可使制造商达到更高的期望利润。

内蒙古白云鄂博矿床发现两种铌、钪新矿物:鄂博铌矿和翟钪闪石

稀土元素和铌元素具有独特的磁—光—电物理特性及高熔点等优点,且能与其它元素组成性能各异、品种繁多的新型材料,大幅提高低碳能源材料的质量和性能,是发展低碳绿色新能源产业的关键矿产资源。内蒙古白云鄂博矿床是全球最大的稀土矿床,同时也伴生有大量的铁、铌、钪、钍及萤石等矿产资源,且具有非常复杂的矿物组成和共生组合。据统计,在该矿床已发现的矿物达200余种,其中新矿物20种。鄂博铌矿和翟钪闪石是近期在该矿床发现的两种新矿物。其中,鄂博铌矿,呈黄褐色至褐色,板状,自形至半自形,粒度约为20~100μm,该矿物是一种结构简单的镁—铌氧化物类矿物,理想化学式Mg_(4)Nb_(2)O_(9),铌氧化物平均含量为58.0%,属于三方晶系,空间群P3c1(#165)。翟钪闪石,呈淡黄色或淡蓝色,长柱状,自形—半自形,粒度可达350μm,该矿物是一种含钪的角闪石族矿物,理想化学式为NaNa_(2)(Mg_(4)Sc)(Si_(8)O_(22))F_(2),钪氧化物平均含量为6.4%,属于单斜晶系,空间群C2/m(#12)。两个新矿物的发现,不仅增加了白云鄂博可用铌、钪金属选冶矿物种类,进而助力资源高效利用,而且也是人类不断了解、认识大自然,并利用自然界物质的重要过程。