Opinion on pharmacology research and new drug development from precision medicine

Since President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative from a national strategy perspective in his State of the Union address,precision medicine has rapidly become a world-wide hotspot and drawn global attention in the medical field.Precision medicine aims at applying genetic information of individual diseases to guide his or her diagnosis and treatment.

Application Research of Earned Value Management in New Drug Research and Development Projects

Objective To help investors assess and control the costs of new drug development and reduce the risks of new drug development projects.Methods Cost analysis and financial forecasting were carried out with the integrated approach of earned value management.According to the principle of earned value management deviation analysis,the basic process of the new drug research and development project was combined with the hypothesis method from the research of Tufts Drug Development Research Center.Results and Conclusion If the project progress check was carried out in the clinical trial,the project costs were found overspent,the efficiency was low,the project progress was faster,and the resource investment was ahead.It is recommended that the adjustment should be made to reduce the input of resources,and increase the efficient key personnel to take the place of some less efficient staff.

New Developments in Drug Therapy and Research of Cerebral Vasospasm

In this manuscript a comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the drug therapy of vasospasm while providing the background information that neuroscientists need to understand its rationale. The range of new agents available for treatment of cerebral vasospasm is expanding rapidly along with rapid advances in pharmacology and physiology that are uncovering the mechanisms of this disease. Although there are many publications for treatment of cerebral vaso-spasm, most are focusing on different aspects of vasospasm treatment and many have limited value due to insufficient quality. Moreover, the complexity of this, in many cases deleterious condition, is enormous and the information needed to understand drug effects is accordingly often not readily available in a single source. A number of pharmacological and medical therapies are currently in use or being investigated in an attempt to reverse cerebral vasospasm, but only a few have proven to be useful. Current research efforts promise the eventual production of new medical therapies. At last, recommendations for the use of different treatment stages based on currently available clinical data are provided.

Analytic Hierarchy Process for Technological Risks in the Process of Innovative Drug Development in China

Objective To identify the critical risks in the process of innovative drug research and development,and to provide reference for improving the efficiency of innovative drug development and risk control in China.Methods Expert investigation and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weights of different risks.Results and Conclusion The research and analysis results showed that the risks at different stages of development had different effects on the success rate of drug development,among which the risk at the drug discovery stage influenced the most.In the drug discovery stage,inappropriate target selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development.The lack of appropriate cell tissue or animal models had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from the discovery of a compound to the application for clinical trials.The difference in changes between nonclinical and clinical studies had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from early clinical studies to pivotal clinical studies.Incorrect dose selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from pivotal clinical studies to marketing authorization applications.The biggest impact from the marketing authorization application to the approval stage was inadequate communication with regulators.After investigating the weight of risk factors in the process of innovative drug development based on scientific methods,a new perspective for the risk control of new drug development and improving the research and development efficiency is provided.

Overview of Research and Development for Anticancer Drugs

Anticancer drugs research and development have been the largest market area in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the number of project, clinical trials and spending. In the last 10 - 30 years, targeting therapy for cancers has been developed and achieved enormous clinical effectiveness by transforming some previously deadly malignancies into chronically manageable conditions, but cure problem still remains. This mini review outlined the current status of anticancer drugs development and hinted the opinions of how to further increase the accuracy and efficacy of discovery for cancer treatment.

Strategy research on new urban space development and new deepwater terminal in Hengsha

From a strategic perspective,the paper presents a forward-looking thinking supported by interdisciplinary of modern logistics,estuary and coast,environment and ecology,economic management and mathematical statistics. It leads to a reasonable solution to space expansion by reclamation. Construction of new deepwater terminal is the best usage of land resources and can strengthen the status of Shanghai as an international shipping center,thus support the preparation and strategic decision of future urban development of Shanghai.

Research and Development of New Broadband Wireless Access System

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has become one of the major evolution trends in the fields of broadband access and mobile communications. However,some difficulties emerged during the application and industrialization of the BWA system,which calls for typical service models,key technology innovations and backbone support from broadband Internet. This article introduces a Broadband Wireless Multimedia (BWM) access system. It aims to build a new-type "triple play" BWA network by integrating terrestrial digital TV system and the BWA system,and by taking broadband Internet as its core network platform. A primary research shows that the new BWA system is an effective solution to the existing difficulties of BWA system. Moreover,it is quite competitive in service provision,service coverage,frequency planning,terminal power consumption and cost for network construction.

Problems and Measures in Internal Control and Risk Management of Drug Research and Development Enterprises

The internal control and risk managementof drug research and development enterprises directlyaffects the survival and development of enterprises.With the development of information technologyand the integration with the global economy,pharmaceutical companies are able to achieve moreachievements in development while facing increasingcompetitive pressures. Finance is a pivotal spine of acompany’s development. If the internal control andrisk management of a company are not complete andcomprehensive, the enterprise will inevitably turn intoa crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen theanalysis of the problems in the internal control andrisk management of drug research and developmententerprises, and propose corresponding solutions.

Research and Prospect of Quality Development of Pharmaceutical Technology in Drug Research and Development

Pharmaceutical technology is an indispensable and important link in drug research and development,which plays a key role in drug research and development quality.In the background of science and technology development,pharmaceutical technology has been greatly developed,but also to promote the quality of drug research and development,to provide more guarantee for people’s health.In the new era,how to achieve pharmaceutical technology innovation,so as to further improve the quality of drug research and development,is an important research topic in the current related industries.This paper mainly revolves around quality of pharmaceutical technology development of a series of exploration,in the traditional drug development based on a better control of drug quality,the future of smart pharmaceutical green pharmaceutical development direction,aims to further enhance the pharmaceutical technology,promote the quality of research and development to promote the comprehensive,promote the steady development of the pharmaceutical industry as a whole.

Explore and Research Forum in Arbitration The New Rules of CIETAC, and its Problems and Development

Editor’s words The author puts forward some problems involving in CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2000 such as the third nation- ality of the presiding arbitrator, the full autonomy of the parties to choose Arbitration Rules and the improvement of applying for interim measures and so on, which are welcomed by CIETAC, though some of which CIETAC does do that in practice, for instance, appointing the third nationalities as presiding arbitrator, and some of which the improvement shall be followed by the law, for instance, the problem of interim measures. We hope there are more articles contributed to arbitration in China directly deal with the theory and practice of arbitration in China as well as all over the world.

To promote new energy development by top experimental research

Mr.Liu Zhenya,general manager of the State Grid and Mr.Fu Zhifang,executive vice governor of Hebei Province together with their colleagues jointly inspected the development of new energy project in Zhangbei County,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province.

Risk Control Strategy in the Research and Development of Pediatric Drugs

Objective To analyze the risk control strategy in the research and development of pediatric drugs and to provide references for pharmaceutical enterprises to avoid the risks so that they can produce more and much better drugs for children in China. Methods An expert questionnaire and expert interviews were conducted to identify the specific risks and the key factors, and valuable advices were put forward. Results and Conclusion There are four risk factors in the research and development of pediatric drugs. The first is that parents are concerned and they are unwilling to allow their children to participate in drug trial. Secondly, adult drug safety data cannot support pediatric drug study. Thirdly, pediatric drugs often have adverse events. Last, regulations for pediatric drugs clinical trials are not perfect. Some valuable recommendations are provided to control these risks.

Regulation of “Checkpoint Molecule” Sheds New Light on Anti-Cancer Drug Development

The rivalry between T cells and tumor cells somewhat mimics the scene of 'Tom and Jerry,' an animated series in which Tom (a house cat) rarely succeeds in catching Jerry (a mouse), mainly because of Jerry’s cleverness and cunning abilities. In a way, tumor cells are like Jerry, in terms of their crafty and sneaky features.

ON THE POSITION AND ROLE OF BASIC RESEARCH EXEMPLIFIED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRUG "DI'AOXINXUEKANG

Basic research features its indelible contribution to and energetic promotion of scientific cause and advancing social progress. This article explores its vital position and rewarding role in creating socio-economic benefits by reviewing the development and marketing success of a new drug, "Di’ aoxinxuekang".

A Brief Analysis of Sustainable Progress of Innovative Research &Development of Chinese Copper Processing Firms—With Japanese Furukawa Electric as a Standard

In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and technologies, low degree of specialization, and unstable product quality. The review of Furukawa Electric’s development milestones reveals that Chinese copper processing industry has reached a stage in which it must rely on technological research and development (R & D) to promote sustainable productivity. Chinese copper processing firms have to invest in R & D to promote sustainable technological innovations and to improve the precisions of business practice in order to ensure the firms’ improvement.

Recent Development in Maize Research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria

Maize research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria resulted in sustained growth in yields in the last two decades. Maize is grown throughout the country with guinea savanna as the most important maize growing zone. In the last five years, four new open pollinating varieties developed in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture （IITA, Ibadan） had been released for production. Hybrid varieties are also marketed by seed companies. The research was focused on variety improvement, improved management practices, integrated pests and disease control, soil fertility management, on-farm testing of improved production packages and socio-economics of production as well as adoption studies. The recently released quality protein maize has improved the nutritional status of vulnerable groups. Drought tolerant maize for Africa research project has contributed to sustainable maize production, poverty reduction and food security in the continent.

The CAS System of New Drug Research and Its Key Results

The Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), the top national research hub for natural sciences, has always been committed itself to the national target of research and development (R&D) of new medicines. During the past several decades, a great number of R&D achievements have been attained. During the period from 1986 to 1999, for example, 135 pharmacutical projects won prizes of the CAS awards for natural sciences, inventions and S&T progress (roughly ac-

Research Progress of Transdermal Patches in Veterinary Drug Preparations

With the development of pharmaceutics and other disciplines theories and advanced technologies, the application of many new drug delivery systems has gradually increased in clinical veterinary. Among the many drug delivery systems, transdermal patch can maintain stable and effective plasma concentration and therapeutic effect in vivo for a long time after skin dressing delivery, which provides a safe and effective drug-delivery way for the therapy and prevention of some chronic diseases and partial analgesia in a simple and convenient way. Veterinary drug transdermal preparations have been developed both at home and abroad, and satisfactory results have been achieved in the experimental application. Based on the study of veterinary transdermal patches at home and abroad, this paper systematically describes the development and characteristics of transdermal patches, the factors affecting skin permeation and the evaluation this type of preparations in veterinary drugs.

Progress in the development and application of plant-based antiviral agents

Plant virus disease is one of the major causes of biological disasters in agriculture worldwide. Given the complexity of transmission media and plant disease infection mechanisms, the prevention and control of plant viral diseases is a great challenge, and an efficient green pesticide is urgently needed. For this reason, when developing candidate drug leads to regulate plant viruses, pesticide experts have focused on characteristics such as low pesticide resistance, eco-friendliness, and novel mechanism. Researchers have also theoretically investigated the molecular targets of viruses infecting agricultural crops. Antiviral screening models have been constructed based on these molecular targets, and the mechanisms of commercial drugs and high-activity compounds have been extensively investigated. After screening, some compounds have been applied in the field and found to have good commercial prospects; these drugs may be used to create new green antiviral pesticides to control plant viruses. This paper reviews the screening, mode of action, development and application of recently used plant-based antiviral agents.

Intellectual Property Protection and High Quality Development of Radix Glycyrrhizae for Treatment of COVID-19

Radix Glycyrrhizae is the dominant native medicinal material variety in the north and northwestern medicinal materials producing areas.It is a main Chinese medicine of effective TCM drugs and formulas for the treatment of new coronavirus disease(COVID-19).This paper introduces the medicinal value of Radix Glycyrrhizae,involving the labeling,cultural heritage,and creative intellectual property rights of the Chinese medicinal materials,analyzes the poverty-stricken areas that are ecologically suitable for Radix Glycyrrhizae cultivation,and the superior counties and production bases of the Chinese medicinal materials.Besides,mainly from the aspects of perfect intellectual property rights,the establishment of authentic medicinal material production bases,and the construction of quality control systems,etc.,it discusses the rural revitalization strategy and the development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),agricultural intellectual property protection and high-quality development strategy of Radix Glycyrrhizae.