Assessment on the Two New Factors That Influence China's International Environment

The development and changes in international situation after September 11 have exerted complicated influence on China’s external security environment. Therefore, how to judge current international security environment that China faces has become a very hot subject for discussion.

The Study on Landscape Factors,Pattern and Design in New Countryside Construction in Mountainous Areas of China

With the vigorous development of China urbanization and increase of people's environmental consciousness,landscape design had received more and more attentions in urban construction and planning.However,the planning for mountainous new countryside construction and landscape design had not been emphasized.Hence,how to make use of natural and cultural landscape factors in mountainous areas to conduct landscape design in new countryside construction was an issue needed to be highlighted.According to the field study of natural villages and residences of Longnan City in Gansu Province,the paper had discussed the composition of mountainous settlements and residences,the composition of mountainous rural landscape factors and landscape planning principles,hoping to provide reference for rural landscape design and new countryside construction.

Evaluation of the Overall Level of New Urbanization in Hebei Province Based on Factor Analysis and GIS

Urbanization is the result of economic and social development,but also an important indicator to measure the level of regional economic and social development. Since the reform and opening up,the level of urbanization in Hebei province has been lagging behind the national average level. The 18 th National Congress of the CPC proposed to develop new urbanization,and this paper evaluated the comprehensive urbanization level of Hebei province combined with new connotation of urbanization. It constructed an evaluation index system of Hebei Province's urbanization comprehensive level,and then used the method of factor analysis with SPSS statistical analysis software to distinguish the major influencing factors. Thirdly,it overlaid the result with spatial pattern,which calculated by the spatial visualization function of ArcGIS software,making the evaluation results presented in a more vivid way. Finally,it analyzed the driving factors of urbanization development in Hebei Province and put forward some suggestions.

Research on the Relationship between New Risk Factors and Traditional Risk Factors and Its Interaction with Natural Disasters： A Case Study between Population Urbanization and Natural Disasters in County-Level Administrative Units in China

Traditional risk factors fall into four categories： natural disasters, public health, accidents during production and social security. The four types of risks are called as public safety issues by the government of China. New risk factors are the ones that are connected to human discoveries and more attention to them, which is called locking risk. What is more, such risk factors will continue to emerge with the development of human society. Currently, traditional risk factors have not been eliminated, while new risks have emerged gradually. There are countless relations between new risks and global climatic changes. Therefore, figuring out the relationship between new risks, global climatic changes as well as natural disasters is of great importance. This study takes China as an example. The population data at county level in China in 1991, 2000 and 2009 （including rural population, urban population and total population of three） were selected. By calculating the urbanization rate of the population, the rate of urbanization at county level in China in three years was drawn. And it is superimposed with the disaster zoning in China to analyze the correlation between population changes and natural disasters and reveal the magnitude of disaster effects caused by population urbanization. It can provide the basis for the disaster chain risk assessment under the gnidanee of the regional law of China＇s natural disaster chain and lay the foundation for the study of the relationship between new risk factors and traditional risk factors. So, risks governance can be perfectly combined with developing the green economy during the development of human society, and ultimately, the goal of harmony between human and nature can be achieved.

Identifying Factors of Obesity in Papua New Guinea: A Descriptive Study

Obesity and overweight are complex phenomena due to causes and consequences as these are the predisposing factors for developing lifestyle-related diseases. In the recent times, obesity and chronic diseases are being taken very seriously than ever before. Once upon a time, obesity was considered as a problem only in developed countries, now it is of a serious concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), a few studies have been conducted on obesity-related issues. However, there is not enough data on obesity to clearly understand about the leading contributing factors. Our research group designed this study to assess the influencing factors of obesity and as well as to identify the principal cause. It is a descriptive study, used structured and semi-structured interview and survey questionnaire. This study was conducted in the capital city of PNG, Port Moresby, and recruited 87 adults aged 30 - 50 years. According to interview and analysis findings, the contributing factors of obesity are less physical movement, unhealthy diet, lifestyle, cultural value system, low education and social system. Government strategies and initiatives are not strong enough to educate and motivate the community people. This study suggests developing an effective coordination among all stakeholders to ensure quality education and increase awareness to prevent obesity and its complications. The standard health policies and strategies are also recommended at the local, national and international level with strong commitment.

Analysis on Family Factor in Construction of New Socialist Countryside

This paper analyzes the family factor in the construction of new socialist countryside. It is believed that the family plays both the positive role and negative role in new socialist countryside construction. Based on this analysis,it puts forward corresponding countermeasures,including bringing into play the effect of family in promoting production and carrying forward excellent factors of family culture.

Dynamic changes and driving factors of land use under new-type urbanization: A case of Guiyang

With the continuous progress of new-type urbanization in Karst mountain area, how to correctly deal with the relationship between urban economy and land use are attracting much attention. Based on the land-use change data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change and its driving factors in Guiyang with the method of land-use dynamic analysis, land utilization and factor correlation analysis. We get the following results:(1) the change of land use was obvious during 2004 and 2012. The area of arable land and other land were decreased, the rate of decrease are 3.89% and 8.24%. In the meantime, a series of construction land and forest area increased a lot, the rate of increase are 3.89% and 8.24%.(2) The integrated land use dynamic degree of two research stages(2004-2009 and 2009-2012) were decreased from 2.12% to 0.34%, this suggests dynamic changes of land tend to be stable.(3) Four kinds of Land use class have a great contribution to the index of land use degree respectively. The composite index of land use degree rose from 229.58 to 247.19 during 2004 and 2012; the land use is still in the development stage.(4) Economy, population, transportation and policy guidance are the main drivers of land use change.

Study on Influencing Factors of Farmer 's Adoption Behavior for New Maize Variety in Huaxian,Henan Province

Adoption of new agricultural variety is an important way to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and farmer's income.According to survey data on the 279 farmers in Huaxia,Henan Province,this paper made an empirical analysis on influencing factors of the farmer's adoption behavior for new maize variety by using the binary Logistic model. The results showed that farmer's educational level,whether or not demonstration family,the main source of household income,the maize planting area,farmer's awareness of new variety,farmer's risk attitude as well as the times to contract with agricultural inspector all had significantly positive effects on adoption of new maize variety. Whether or not the family had cadres had significantly negative effect on the adoption of new maize variety.

Factors Influencing Listening Comprehension of English Radio News Broadcasts

Several factors influence listening comprehension of English radio news broadcasts. The study adopted a questionnaire to investigate students' recognition of these factors. On the basis of this analysis, students put emphasis on vocabulary and background knowledge and they were aware of the approaches to better listening comprehension and making some practical preparations before doing the listening tasks. However some differences exist between the effective listeners and less-effective listeners,specially regarding to speech rate and out-of-class relevant practice.

Protective factors and college student drinking patterns in pre and post Katrina New Orleans

Rates of heavy drinking, tobacco use and illicit substance use peak among college students between 18 and 25 years of age. Attitudes, personal characteristics, and behaviors that are called protective factors could play a role in reducing college students’ use of alcohol and drugs. We studied the relationships between selected protective factors and alcohol consumption in college students from a public commuter university in New Orleans, Louisiana pre-and post-Hurricane Katrina utilizing the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey (CADS) Long Form. We applied Hirschi’s social control theory to examine the relationships between drinking and the identified protective factors. Three research questions with null and alternative hypotheses were tested to explore the impact of Hurricane Katrina on protective factors and drinking utilizing linear/ logistic and multivariate regression models to test the hypotheses. We found that post-Katrina students were on average about 1.5 years older and drank approximately 1.5 more drinks per week than pre-Katrina students. Both pre and post Katrina age, gender, and race/ethnicity were significantly related to drinking among these groups of college students such that older students, women, and non-Whites tended to have reduced odds of drinking. There were no statistically significant relationships between individual protective factors or any group of protective factors and drinking after controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity indicating that these 3 individual characteristics that cannot be altered were stronger predictors of drinking than any other factors we tested.

Restraining Factors and Improving Paths for the Operation Mechanism of New Rural Cooperative Medical System in China

The new rural cooperative medical system has achieved periodical achievements since its establishment.Nevertheless,there are many factors hampering the development of the new system,such as the high cost,the difficulties in fund procurement,the lack of management,the narrow coverage of benefit,the ineffective constraint to the designated medical institutions,the high fund balance rate,and the poor medical facilities and services in rural areas.Countermeasures are put forward to solve these problems,including improving the system design,expanding the coverage of the system,expanding the fund sources,reducing the financing costs,strengthening the fund supervision,enhancing the supervision of designated medical institutions,and improving the capacity of health services in rural areas.

Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity among Children Ages 0 to 3.5 Living in the Miramichi Public Health Region of New-Brunswick, Canada

Obesity, a major risk factor in numerous pathologies, poses a public health problem. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of the risk of overweight, overweight and obesity, as well as to identify and analyze the risk factors for weight gain among children in Miramichi in New Brunswick’s Horizon Health Network (HHN). This descriptive cross-sectional study was done between 2009 and 2014. The study population was composed of 335 children (185 boys and 150 girls) ages 0 to 42 months and their parents. Overweight and obesity were determined according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria adapted for Canada. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of risk for overweight is 21% at birth as opposed to 55% at 42 months (both sexes together), and the prevalence of risk for overweight including obesity affects 11.8% of children, that is, 12.7% of boys as opposed to 10.94% of girls (p < 0.0001). The prevalence among boys is 1.2 times that among girls. This study also reveals that at 42 months, the average prevalence of obesity is 6.5% (8% for boys and 5% for girls). The mothers of overweight children have a higher post-pregnancy BMI (32.78 ± 4.16 kg/m2) than do the mothers of children who are a healthy weight (26.17 ± 7.90 kg/m2) (p < 0.0001). Moreover, 29.7% of children are overweight when both parents are overweight compared to 14.97% when both parents are a healthy weight (p < 0.05). This means that children are twice as likely to be overweight when both parents are overweight compared to children whose parents are a healthy weight. Otherwise, only 17% of the 335 children assessed in this study were breastfed and started on solid foods in accordance with the WHO recommendations. This study clearly shows that overweight is associated with sex, birth weight, parental obesity, maternal breastfeeding and the age of introduction of solid foods. The prevalence and identification of risk factors for overweight and infant obesity used to screen at-risk children will have the advantage of allowing adapted prevention strategies to be established.

Factors Influencing Farmers' Willingness to Participate in the New Vocational Training

Probit model is applied to analyze some key factors influencing farmers' willingness to participate in the new vocational training for farmers based on 683 questionnaires from 8 districts in Chongqing. The results show that individual and family factors significantly affect farmers' participation will. These factors are age,family scale and years of education. Age is the most important factor,family scale is of secondary importance and years of education are the third one. Meanwhile,years of education positively affect farmers' participation willingness;there is a negative correlation among age,family scale and this willingness. Organizer,rural economic development level and training experience have no significant influence on this willingness.

Education Demand of New Generation Minority Migrant Workers in Kunming City and Survey of its Influence Factors

Based on the questionnaire survey for 431 new generation minority migrant workers in Kunming City,we carried out empirical research on education demands of these migrant workers and its influence factors.Survey results show that their education demands have significant features in learning purposes,contents,expenses,willingness,and manners,which are subject to subjective mentality,economic income,social relation network,as well as shortage in social supply of education and training.Therefore,apart from solving training problem of new generation minority migrant workers,government should also highly value their demands of training and arouse their enthusiasm for participation in training in accordance with cultural and psychological characteristics and living environment of these migrant workers.

Chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor microspheres repair facial nerve defects

Microspheres containing nerve growth factor for sustained release were prepared by a compound method, and implanted into chitosan conduits to repair 10-mm defects on the right buccal branches of the facial nerve in rabbits. In addition, chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor or normal saline, as well as autologous nerve, were used as controls. At 90 days post-surgery, the muscular atrophy on the right upper lip was more evident in the nerve growth factor and normal sa- line groups than in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups. Electro- physiological analysis revealed that the nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. Moreover, histological observation illustrated that the di- ameter, number, alignment and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerves derived from rabbits were higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. These findings indicate that chitosan nerve conduits com- bined with microspheres for sustained release of nerve growth factor can significantly improve facial nerve defect repair in rabbits.

Analysis on Function Orientation and Development Countermeasures of New Agricultural Business Entities

Along with the rapid advance of industrialization and urbanization process, fostering new agricultural business entities become inevitable for agricultural transformation and the construction of agricultural modernization in China. The status of the new agricultural business entities determines the level of modern agricultural development. In recent years, new agricultural business entities have grew rapidly. However, there are still many problems including the difficulties in financing loans, inadequate agricultural insurance system, bad implementation of agricultural subsidies, jagged agricultural talents and so on. In order to foster new agricultural business entities, countermeasures should be carried out to ensure financial support, perfect the agricultural insurance, strengthen the level of agricultural subsidies, strive to develop the degree of specialization agricultural operators and so on.

新质生产力系统:要素特质、结构承载与功能取向

每次人类社会大变局都蕴含着生产力的巨大革新,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进内在要求孕育形成新质生产力。新质生产力作为生产力发展的质变跃迁,是推动实现高质量发展的动力之源。从系统论视角来看,新质生产力是由相互联系、相互作用的生产力要素、生产力结构、生产力功能构成的“要素—结构—功能”系统。其中,新质生产力要素由新型劳动者、新型劳动对象、新型劳动工具、新型基础设施等构成,新质生产力在结构承载上表现为由新兴产业、未来产业等主导发展形成的现代化产业体系,新质生产力功能则凸显新发展理念、追求实现高质量发展、更好满足人民美好生活需要的价值取向。加快发展新质生产力,应扩大新型要素供给、以科技创新引领现代化产业体系建设、强化新质生产力系统功能取向,通过继续深化改革塑造与新质生产力发展相适应的生产关系。

Research on Internal Relevance between New Farmers and New Village Construction

On the basis of Marxist theories,from the perspective that the new farmers are the qualified main body,basic factors and internal motive force of constructing new village,this paper expounds the internal relevance between new farmers and new village construction.Firstly,the new farmers have insight into villages,with strong motive of constructing new village,which makes them become the qualified main body in new village construction.Secondly,the new farmers are the most basic factor of constructing new village;new farmers have close relationship with other factors,with prominent inseparability;the new farmers have strong ability to replace other factors,and the farmers can shatter capital bottleneck and policy restriction in order to promote rural development to some extent;the new farmers with strong mobility,can migrate between city and village or change vocation among different jobs,which breaks through the regional limitation of factors;there are myriad farmers in China,and we can transform traditional farmers into new farmers by fostering,which breaks through the limitation of quantity of factors,so it can guarantee the incessant factor supply for new village construction.Thirdly,the new farmers are the internal motive force for new village construction,because the literate farmers are equipped with technique skills and good at management,and they are the excellent talents among rural groups;the new farmers fathom the characteristics of rural areas,with active consciousness,intense motive and strong ability to construct new village;they pay close attention to new village construction with passion and participate in new village construction actively.

数据要素、新型基础设施与产业结构调整路径

数据要素和新型基础设施在各个产业发挥日益重要的作用。不同产业对数据要素和新型基础设施的应用方式和利用效率存在差异,影响产业结构调整路径。文章构建包含两个生产部门的动态一般均衡模型,用于代表不同产业或同一产业内的不同企业。每个部门将数据作为新生产要素、将新型基础设施作为数据扩展型技术,与传统生产要素结合形成新的生产函数。不同部门的数据产出弹性、数据和传统要素的替代弹性存在差异,这是影响产业结构调整路径的重要因素。通过理论模型推导和数值模拟研究,文章发现:在不同产业之间,由于产品替代弹性较低,提高数据要素和新型基础设施的数量会导致数据产出弹性较高、数据和传统要素的替代弹性较高的产业产出提高,但其产品价格和名义产出降低,促使资本和劳动力流向数据利用效率低的产业。这一过程将改变资本和劳动力的价格,影响劳动收入份额。在同一产业内部,由于不同企业间的产品替代弹性较高,数据要素和新型基础设施导致资本和劳动力流向数据利用效率高的企业,优化生产要素配置,推动整个产业的数字化转型。新型基础设施建设对产业结构调整的推动作用受到数据要素的调节,且最终的影响方向和路径与数据要素一致,可以通过调整需求结构引导更具针对性和长效的产业结构调整。最后,文章提出数据要素、新型基础设施建设的相关政策建议,并对产业结构调整可能导致的问题提出对策。