Introduction to a New Journal Asian Herpetological Research

Asian Herpetological Research （AHR）, an international English language joumal, is published quarterly by the Chengdu Institute of Biology （CIB）, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Science Press of China, cooperated with the Asiatic Herpetological Research Society （AHRS）, with its registered numbers： CN 51-1735/Q and ISSN 2095- 0357. The scope of the journal includes all contemporary herpetological research areas including taxonomy, fauna, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, evolution, zoogeography, physiology, ecology, toxicology and conservation biology of amphibians and reptiles.

Postponement in New Product Introduction

Agility has now been a main research topic in the l it erature. There is much written on agility mainly focusing on manufacturing p rocess and strategic processes. However, we argue that new product introduction should call for agility as well due to uncertainty about technological advances and customers’ demand. A technological superiority alone may not guarantee succe ss for new product introduction. We focus on the role of postponement for two ma in processes in new product introduction: new product development and new produc t launch. Postponement enables designers to incorporate the most current technol ogical advances and user needs as these co-evolve with the development process. Postponement can also significantly reduce risk associated with new product lau nch. It thus can be expected that postponement will be increasingly employed in new product introduction.

Introduction of a New Therapy ──Disease Point Therapy

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａＮｅｗＴｈｅｒａｐｙ──ＤｉｓｅａｓｅＰｏｉｎｔＴｈｅｒａｐｙ￥ＷａｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｃａｉ（８１１９７Ｔｒｏｏｐｓ＇Ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ）Ｗｅｓｕｍｕｐ２０ｙｅａｒｓａｎｄ８０ｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｔｉｍｅｓ＇ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏ...

Introduction of New Book

Animal Models of Ophthalmic Diseases edited by Prof.Chi-Chao Chan has published by Springer（http：//www.springer.com/us/book/9783319194332）.This book describes experimental animal models that mimic common human ocular diseases：herpetic keratitis,cataract,glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, Graves＇ disease, and

Key Techniques for the Development of Web-Based PDM System

Some key techniques for the development of web-based product data management （PDM） system are introduced. The four-tiered B/S architecture of a PDM system-BITPDM is introduced first, followed by its design and implementation, including virtual data vault, flexible coding system, document management, product structure and configuration management, workflow/process and product maturity management. BITPDM can facilitate the activities from new product introduction phase to manufacturing, and manage the product data andtheir dynamic changing history. Based on Microsoft. NET, XML, web service and SOAP techniques, BITPDM realizes the integration and efficient management of product information.

Introduction of new editorial members

Yong-Sheng Hu is a full professor at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （IoP-CAS）. He is working on advanced materials for long-life grid-scale stationary batteries and their energy storage mechanism, particularly focusing on Na based rechargeablebatteries.

Introduction of new editorial members

Professor Hai-Long Jiang received his Ph.D. （2008） from Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences and then worked with Prof Qiang Xu at AIST （Japan） as a postdoc and JSPS fellow in 2008-2011. After a postdoctoral stint at Texas A＆M University （U. S. A.） with Prof. Hong-Cai Zhou, he joined the faculty of University of Science and Technology of China in 2013. He was selected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry （FRSC） and recognized as a highly cited researcher （2017） in Chemistry by Clarivate Analytics. He has published more than 100 papers with over 9000 citations （H index 49）. His main research interest is in the development of crystalline porous and nanostructured materials, crossing coordination chemistry and nanoscience, for energy-/environment-related catalysis.

Introduction of new editorial members

Prof. Gong Chen obtained his B.S. degree from Nanjing University in China in 1998. He got his Ph.D. degree in Organic Chemistry with Prof： Dalibor Sames at Columbia University in 2004. After his postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with Prot： Samuel Danishefsky, he started his independent academic career at the chemistry department of The Pennsylvania State University in US as an assistant professor in 2008 and got promoted to associate professor with tenure in 2014. In 2015, he moved to Nankai University in China and became a professor of chemistry at the State Key Laboratory of Elemenio-Organic Chemistry.

Green Drug Supply Chain Investigation by Time-Market Balance and Risk

The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.

Accelerating Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine introductions in Indonesia:key learnings from 2017 to 2022

Despite high pneumococcal disease and economic burden in Indonesia and interest to introduce pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), there were challenges in establishing a comprehensive strategy to accelerate and enable the introduction in country in the early 2010s. Starting in 2017, Clinton Health Access Initiative and partners supported the government of Indonesia with evidence-based decision-making and implementation support for introducing PCV into the routine immunization program. Indonesia has since accelerated PCV roll out, with nationwide reach achieved in 2022. On the path to PCV introduction, several challenges were observed that impacted decision making on whether and on how to optimally roll out PCV, resulting in significant introduction delays;including (1) a complex country context with a devolved government structure, fragmented domestic funding streams, and an imminent transition out of major immunization donor (Gavi) support;(2) strong preference to use domestically sourced products, with limited experience accessing global pooled procurement mechanism including for vaccines;and (3) concerns around programmatic feasibility and sustainability. This case study documents key insights into the challenges experienced and how those were systematically addressed to accelerate new vaccine introduction in Indonesia, with support from local and global stakeholders over time. The learnings would be beneficial for other countries yet to introduce critical new vaccines, in particular those with similar archetype as Indonesia e.g., middle-income countries with domestic manufacturing capacity and/or countries recently transitioning out of Gavi support.

Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health.Despite great success,China’s National Immunization Program(NIP)faces challenges,such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues.The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research(VaxLab),supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University,focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy.This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research agenda.Key findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage,particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine(HPV),pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine(Hib),and rotavirus vaccines.Key findings include:(i)The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid,large-scale immunization efforts,suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements;(ii)Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access;(iii)The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles;(iv)Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage,especially for remote areas and marginalized populations;(v)Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’knowledge,health workers’financial incentives,and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates;(vi)Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and government support.Conclusion The articles emphasize the need for government leadership,strategic policymaking,and public awareness to enhance vaccine coverage and equity.The VaxLab will continue strengthening China’s NIP by focusing on vaccine financing,emphasizing diversity,equity,and inclusion,and improving maternal vaccination coverage.Research will extend to Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions,especially in middle-income countries facing challenges in vaccine financing and delivery.The collective efforts outlined in this collection show a commitment to evolving and adapting immunization strategies to meet global health goals and to provide equitable access to vaccines for all.

Bridging reliability and operations management for superior system availability:Challenges and opportunities

Recently,firms have begun to handle the design,manufacturing,and maintenance of capital goods through a consolidated mechanism called the integrated product-service system.This new paradigm enables firms to deliver high-reliability products while lowering the ownership cost.Hence,holistic optimization models must be proposed for jointly allocating reliability,maintenance,and spare parts inventory across the entire value chain.In the existing literature,these decisions are often made fragmentally,thus resulting in local optimality.This study reviews the extant works pertaining to reliability-redundancy allocation,preventative maintenance,and spare parts logistics models.We discuss the challenges and opportunities of consolidating these decisions under an integrated reliability-maintenance-inventory framework for attaining superior system availability.Specific interest is focused on the new product introduction phase in which firms face a variety of uncertainties,including installed base,usage,reliability,and trade policy.The goal is to call for tackling the integrated reliability-maintenance-inventory allocation model under a nonstationary operating condition.Finally,we place the integrated allocation model in the semiconductor equipment industry and show how the firm deploys reliability initiatives and after-sale support logistics to ensure the fleet uptime for its global customers.

Lu Xun, Shin Eon-jun, and Karashima Takeshi

Shin Eon-jun and Karashima interacted with Lu Xun during a similar period but their relationships with him proceeded in different directions. Shin Eon-jun participated in the independence movements in Korea, introduced Lu Xun from the progressive position, and actively reported the political situation and philosophical trends in China. On the other hand, Karashima put his major focus on Lu Xun and left wing literature, when introducing the new literature of China, but gradually revealed an opportunistic attitude and actively participated in promoting Japan＇s ＂National Policy.＂