Developing high-efficiency base editors by combining optimized synergistic core components with new types of nuclear localization signal peptide

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base editor(ABE) allow generating precise and irreversible base mutations in a programmable manner and have been used in many different types of cells and organisms. However, their applications are limited by low editing efficiency at certain genomic target sites or at specific target cytosine(C) or adenine(A) residues. Using a strategy of combining optimized synergistic core components, we developed a new multiplex super-assembled ABE(sABE) in rice that showed higher base-editing efficiency than previously developed ABEs. We also designed a new type of nuclear localization signal(NLS) comprising a FLAG epitope tag with four copies of a codon-optimized NLS(F4NLS^(r2)) to generate another ABE named F4NLS-sABE. This new NLS increased editing efficiency or edited additional A at several target sites. A new multiplex super-assembled CBE(sCBE) and F4NLS^(r2) involved F4NLS-sCBE were also created using the same strategy. F4NLS-sCBE was proven to be much more efficient than sCBE in rice. These optimized base editors will serve as powerful genome-editing tools for basic research or molecular breeding in rice and will provide a reference for the development of superior editing tools for other plants or animals.

A NEW CLASS OF LOCALLY CONVEX SPACES AND THE GENERALIZATION OF KALTON'S CLOSED GRAPH THEOREM

By introducing the notions of L-spaces and L_r-spaces, a complete generalization of Kalton's closed graph theorem is obtained. It points out the class of L_r-spaces is the maximal class of range spaces for the closed graph theorem when the class of domain spaces is the class of Mackey spaces with weakly * sequentially complete dual.Some examples are constructed showing that the class of L_r-spaces is strictly larger than the class of separable B_r-complete spaces.Some properties of L-spaces and L_r-spaces are discussed and the relations between B-complete (resp. B_r-complete) spaces and L-spaces (resp. L_r-spaces) are given.

Potential Distribution Modeling and Morphology of Pelias barani(B?hme and Joger, 1983) in Turkey

The climatic preferences of Pelias barani, a rare Pontic endemic viper, are analysed and a new locality record is reported. According to species distribution modeling, with the average test AUC was was 0.904 ± 0.068, bioclimatic variables such as Precipitation of driest month（45.5%）, Temperature seasonality（18.9%）, Precipitation seasonality（17.9%） and Maximum temperature of warmest period（14.7%） appear to have the most useful information on geographic distribution of Pelias barani. Distribution models of Pelias barani under current climatic conditions showed better adaptation to the northwest and northeast part of Turkey.

Study on （2＋1）-Dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov Equation by Using Extended Mapping Approach

Extended mapping approach is introduced to solve （2＋1）-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov Veselov equation. A new type of variable separation solutions is derived with arbitrary functions in the model. Based on this excitation, rich localized structures such as multi-lump soliton and ring soliton are revealed by selecting the arbitrary function appropriately.

Sense of the Scene,Reflexivity,and New Local Writing:On Above Baiyangdian Lake by Guan Renshan

Above Baiyangdian Lake is a meticulously crafted novel by Guan Renshan nearing a million words in length.The novel offers a panoramic view of everyday life in Baiyangdian Lake and the development of the Xiong'an New Area.The novel exemplifies a genuine sense of the scene by presenting readers with a vivid,authentic depiction of our contemporary life.He employs a narrative structure that overlaps the present with the past,blending tradition and modernity to create a truly magnificent epic.Rather than avoiding the contradictions and darkness inherent to humanity,the novel embraces them and strives to accurately depict their complexity,resulting in a more profound reflection on society.Above Baiyangdian Lake expands and innovates the path of local literature by applying a genuinely realistic approach.It not only surpasses Guan's writing style,but also represents a transcendence of local writing conventions in contemporary literature.It draws upon and elevates the literary tradition of the Hehuadian School,emerging as a notable example of new local writing with distinct regional traits.

Report on a new mammal fossil locality of Early Pleistocene at Zhoukoudian

In 1985, during the mapping on 1:50000 in the Zhoukoudian area, Cao Boxun et al. discovered a cave-fissure site (called east cave) with abundant mammal fossils. The site is located on the north slope of the Taipingshan Hill, about 2km northeast of the Loc. 1(the 'Peking man'site) and about 140m above the sea level. Cao et al. collected some mammal fossils from the locality and studied sediments in stratigraphy, sporopollen