MEASUREMENTS OF PARTICLE NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND NEW PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS DURING WINTER IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION,CHINA

Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.

A new four-dimensional chaotic system with first Lyapunov exponent of about 22,hyperbolic curve and circular paraboloid types of equilibria and its switching synchronization by an adaptive global integral sliding mode control

This paper presents a new four-dimensional（4 D） autonomous chaotic system which has first Lyapunov exponent of about 22 and is comparatively larger than many existing three-dimensional（3 D） and 4 D chaotic systems.The proposed system exhibits hyperbolic curve and circular paraboloid types of equilibria.The system has all zero eigenvalues for a particular case of an equilibrium point.The system has various dynamical behaviors like hyperchaotic,chaotic,periodic,and quasi-periodic.The system also exhibits coexistence of attractors.Dynamical behavior of the new system is validated using circuit implementation.Further an interesting switching synchronization phenomenon is proposed for the new chaotic system.An adaptive global integral sliding mode control is designed for the switching synchronization of the proposed system.In the switching synchronization,the synchronization is shown for the switching chaotic,stable,periodic,and hybrid synchronization behaviors.Performance of the controller designed in the paper is compared with an existing controller.

QUANTUM COLLISION SEARCH ALGORITHM AGAINST NEW FORK-256

In order to improve the attack efficiency of the New FORK-256 function, an algorithm based on Grover's quantum search algorithm and birthday attack is proposed. In this algorithm, finding a collision for arbitrary hash function only needs O(2m/3) expected evaluations, where m is the size of hash space value. It is proved that the algorithm can obviously improve the attack efficiency for only needing O(2 74.7) expected evaluations, and this is more efficient than any known classical algorithm, and the consumed space of the algorithm equals the evaluation.

数学基础理论中的千古悬案——科学哲学——芝诺悖论、贝克莱悖论和罗素悖论新解

结合新发现的经典无穷观和与之相关的经典数量体系中所存在的缺陷,从基础理论学的新思路,分析、揭示了悬而未决的芝诺悖论、贝克莱悖论和罗素悖论这三大悖论家族所暴露的自古以来就存在于数学基础理论中与"有穷-无穷"概念相关内容的缺陷,并认为,自古以来由于受"重形式-轻本体"这种错误思路的影响,数学与科学哲学基础理论中与"有穷-无穷"概念相关的那部分内容非常薄弱,导致了三大悖论家族的产生与不断繁荣壮大,使人们无法真正认清这三大悖论的本质,从而决定了由它们所揭示的问题在现有科学理论体系中一直无法得到解决.

人类科学中现有经典极限论的终结(Ⅱ)

进一步分析、揭示了现有经典极限论在理论上与实际操作中的三个主要缺陷,宣告经典极限论的终结.

高效剩余数至二进制转换器设计

针对目前剩余数系统所处理数据动态范围较小,而且剩余数至二进制转换器的面积和延迟较大等方面的问题,基于新中国余数定理Ⅱ提出了一个高效并行转换算法,同时给出相应的电路实现。该算法采用模集合{2n-1,2n+1,22n,22n+1-1},可同时处理4个模,处理数的动态范围达到6n+1位。乘法逆元简单,电路完全由基本的加法器构成,硬件实现容易。分析实验结果表明,相比同类模集合反向转换器,文中提出的转换器的面积节省了39.4%,速度提高了47.4%。

“单独二孩”政策下新增人口测算方法及监测系统构建

"单独二孩"生育政策出台后,各地需要测算符合这一政策的潜在夫妇数、可能导致的新增出生人数、由此带来的生育水平变化,以及对未来人口发展的影响。测算的目的是为了更好地做好新政策正式实施前的准备,确保政策实施风险可控。结合2010年全国第六次人口普查数据和2013年8月国家卫生计生委组织的生育意愿抽样调查数据,提出了关于新增出生人口和新增生育水平的估计方法,以及相应的未来生育水平估计和人口预测方法。对如何构建政策实施监测系统提出了建议。

4模余数系统反向转换器设计

反向转化已经成为制约剩余数系统发展的瓶颈问题,尤其对于模集合个数多于3个的模集合。针对4基数模集合{2n,22n+1,2n+1,2n-1},在新中国余数定理Ⅰ的基础上,提出了一个新的高效并行转换算法。该算法可同时处理4个模,处理数的动态范围达到5n位,乘法逆元全部采用闭合形式,电路完全基于加法器构成,硬件实现容易。理论分析表明,与同类模集合反向转换器相比,大大降低了对硬件电路的要求,明显减小了转换器的面积和电路延迟,提高了转换效率。

基于4模集合{2~n-1,2~n+1,2~n,2^(2n-1)-1}剩余数转换器设计

针对剩余数系统需要大动态处理范围的问题,提出了一个新的4基数模集合;并给出了相应的剩余数至二进制数转换算法和硬件实现。该算法采用4基数模集合{2n-1,2n+1,2n,22n-1-1},每个模的形式都具有2n±1的形式,模的动态范围达到5n-1;算法基于新中国剩余数定理2实现,模集合的乘法逆元全部属于闭合形式,硬件电路完全基于加法器构成。与同类模集合反向转换器相比,提出的转换器电路完全基于加法器构成,明显减小了转换器的电路延迟,有效地提高了集成度。

对北京奥运会我国金牌总数第一的辨证思考

北京奥运会我国以金牌数第一、奖牌数第二的优异成绩打破了奥运金牌榜传统格局,更向全世界展现了自己。金牌榜首位让我们振奋,更应让我们清楚所存的弱势,正视中国体育存在的问题与不足。中国正在向市场经济迈进,必须有新的体制与战略来推动体育的全面发展。

Twenty years of Chinese vascular plant novelties,2000 through 2019

From 2000 to 2019,11,895 new names or new additions to the Chinese vascular flora were proposed by 4226 individuals(4086 articles and 140 books),as documented in the Chinese Plant Names Index(CPNI).During those 20 years,4407 new taxa of vascular plants were described from China,including 7 new families,132 new genera,3543 new species,68 new subspecies,497 new varieties and 160 new forms.Additionally,3562 new combinations and names at new rank and 306 new replacement names were also proposed.Among these various new names were 150 invalid names and 108 illegitimate names,including some that have not been resolved.Six hundred and forty three vascular plants were reported as new to China,while 2349 names were reduced to synonyms of 1406 taxa.The data show that the Chinese flora increased in size at the rate of about 200 taxa annually during those years.Despite the increased attention given to biodiversity in recent years,the evidence indicates that a large number of species in China have yet to be discovered.Further basic investigation of the Chinese flora is needed.Additionally,in the past two decades only 8.5%of the newly published species have been based on molecular evidence,but in the past five years such data have increased significantly,reaching about 20%.Molecular data will undoubtedly become increasingly significant in the discovery of new species in the coming years.Yunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Xizang and Taiwan were important sources of new discoveries,with more than 3300 new taxa and records from these five provinces.By area,Taiwan and Hainan,two islands in southern China,have the highest density of newly discovered species.Regional plant surveys are still needed,especially in areas in the southwest and on the southern islands.

Particle number size distribution and new particle formation (NPF) in Lanzhou,Western China

Particle number size distribution from 10 to 10,000 nm was measured by a wide-range particle spectrometer （WPS-1000XP） at a downwind site north of downtown Lanzhou, western China, from 25 june to 19 July 2006. We first report the pollution level, diurnal variation of particle concentration in different size ranges and then introduce the characteristics of the particle formation processes, to show that the number concentration of ultrafine particles was lower than the values measured in other urban or suburban areas in previous studies, However, the fraction of ultrafine particles in total aerosol number concentration was found to be much higher. Furthermore, sharp increase of ultrafine particle concentration was frequently observed at noon. An examination of the diurnal pattern suggests that the burst of the ultrafine particles was mainly due to nucleation process. During the 25-day observation, new particle formation （NPF） from homogeneous nucleation was observed during 33% of the study period. The average growth rate of the newly formed particles was 4.4 nm/h, varying from 1.3 to 16,9 nm/h. The needed concentration of condensable vapor was 6.1 × 10^7 cm-3, and its source rate was 1.1× 10^6 cm-3 s 1. Further calculation on the source rate of sulphuric acid vapor indicated that the average participation of sulphuric acid to particle growth rate was 68.3%.

4基数模集合反向转换器的设计

针对大动态范围剩余数系统,给出了一个新的4基数模集合{2n-1,22n+1,2n+1,2n-1},基于新中国余数定理1实现了该模集合的剩余数至二进制的高效并行转换算法,并给出相应的转换器电路实现.与同类模集合反向转换器相比,文中提出的转换器电路完全由加法器构成,大大降低了对硬件电路的要求,明显减小了转换器的面积和电路延迟,提高了转换效率.

四基数模集合剩余数至二进制数转换器设计

针对并行运算的剩余数系统,提出了一个新的4基数模集合{2n,2n+1,2n/2+1,2n/2-1},并基于新中国余数定理和混合基转换算法实现该模集合下剩余数至二进制的转换,给出相应硬件电路。与同类模集合反向转换器相比,文中提出的转换器电路完全基于加法器实现,硬件电路简单,明显减小了面积,提高了转换效率。

A new zeta function for number fields

According to the idea of class field theory, the possible absolutely normal number fieldsare restricted in nature by the arithmetical properties of rational number field .Becausethe fundamental arithmetical property of is the distributive law of the prime numbers,

Characterization of particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Southern China

Knowledge of particle number size distribution（PND） and new particle formation（NPF）events in Southern China is essential for mitigation strategies related to submicron particles and their effects on regional air quality,haze,and human health.In this study,seven field measurement campaigns were conducted from December 2013 to May 2015 using a scanning mobility particle sizer（SMPS） at four sites in Southern China,including three urban sites and one background site.Particles were measured in the size range of15-515 nm,and the median particle number concentrations（PNCs） were found to vary in the range of 0.3× 10~4-2.2 × 10~4 cn^（-3） at the urban sites and were approximately 0.2 × 10~4 cm^（-3） at the background site.The peak diameters at the different sites varied largely from 22 to 102 nm.The PNCs in the Aitken mode（25-100 nm） at the urban sites were up to 10 times higher than they were at the background site,indicating large primary emissions from traffic at the urban sites.The diurnal variations of PNCs were significantly influenced by both rush hour traffic at the urban sites and NPF events.The frequencies of NPF events at the different sites were0%-30%,with the highest frequency occurring at an urban site during autumn.With higher SO_2 concentrations and higher ambient temperatures being necessary,NPF at the urban site was found to be more influenced by atmospheric oxidizing capability,while NPF at the background site was limited by the condensation sink.This study provides a unique dataset of particle number and size information in various environments in Southern China,which can help understand the sources,formation,and the climate forcing of aerosols in this quickly developing region,as well as help constrain and validate NPF modeling.

可快速存储无限天量数据的整数树——推论先天八卦与整数树

目前常用海量数据、大数据来描述计算机系统能处理的数据量。实际上海量数据、大数据都是虚词,不能确切定义多大数据是海量数据还是大数据,无法具体做衡量。而且,处理海量数据、大数据的数据存储技术和数据结构与以往的存储技术和数据结构没有根本的区别。本文通过推论先天八卦与整数树,从理论上介绍一种可快速存储无限天量数据的新数据结构:整数树及相对应的幂次方进制数。

基于新型电力系统条件下抽水蓄能电站静止变频器配置台数的优化研究

以新型电力系统发展为引,分析电网需求变化引起抽水蓄能电站发挥作用的转变,抽水及抽水调相工况将逐步代替发电工况成为抽水蓄能发挥作用的主要工况,短时间、多频次的抽水启动将成为抽水蓄能电站的主要运行方式。从抽水蓄能电站抽水启动的工作方式及原理分析,静止变频器是抽水蓄能电站抽水启动的核心设备,在新型电力系统需求变化的大背景下,现阶段抽水蓄能电站存在抽水响应速度慢、可靠性低等影响服务电网的因素,通过合理配置静止变频器的台数能够有效解决上述问题,使抽水蓄能电站在新型电力系统中更好地发挥作用。

天量数据快速检索与整数树结构

用数学证明:自然数不只是已知的增量为1的无限递增等差数列;还是以每个自然数为一个结点的值,从0为根结点起始,以下按整数顺序及每个结点仅有一个子结点的一叉规律排列有无限多结点的整数一叉树。同样分别以0为根结点,整数还是以结点完整地按二叉,三叉,……Y叉,……无限多叉有规律排列的无限多的树结构。这种构成无限多的树状新数据结构,被定义为整数树或整数树林。整数树的每个结点都有对应的结点位置码。定义整数几叉树的结点位置码为数几的幂进制数。利用每个整数树的结点位置码的位数与该结点所在整数树排列层的层号相同、结点位置码转换后与该结点整数值相同等特性,选用合适叉树的整数树,可快速检索天量数据。

一种新型空气压缩机卸载系统

通过设计一种新型的工程机械气压制动系统用空气压缩机卸载系统,从空气压缩机系统的空气干燥器内的卸荷阀控制口引一路压缩空气到空气压缩机的进气阀门控制口,使得当空气罐中的压力达到系统调定的最高压力时,这路压缩空气通过气管到达空压机的进气阀门控制口,推开进气阀门,使空气压缩机空转,不再泵气,即内部卸载。由于进气阀门一直处于开启状态,直到空气罐的压力降低到系统所需的最低压力时,进气阀门的控制口气压克服不了进气阀门的复位弹簧力,进气阀门关闭,空气压缩机开始再次泵气。大大减少了进气阀门的动作次数,从而提高了进气阀门的使用寿命。