Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-li...Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential, higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grain-filling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 - 0.95). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0. 84 - 0. 97 ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.展开更多
The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its re...The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.展开更多
Association mapping(as opposed to population mapping) is becoming more important in establishing associations between a phenotype and a genotype.The major advantage of association mapping,
In order to ease the fossil energy crunch,new energy sources need to be fully utilized.Clean energy sources such as wind,light,and nuclear energy are important tools to solve environmental and energy problems.However,...In order to ease the fossil energy crunch,new energy sources need to be fully utilized.Clean energy sources such as wind,light,and nuclear energy are important tools to solve environmental and energy problems.However,in the process of researching new energy farms,there are some problems when they are integrated into the power system.In order to ensure the stability of new energy power plants,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the grid connection technology of new energy farms.In the study,it is necessary to learn about the specific problems of the stability of the grid connection of new energy power plants,and to clarify the specific application of the grid connection technology of new energy power plants from the application principle and advantages of the grid connection technology of new energy power plants.Through simulation experiments,the positive effect of grid connection technology of new energy power plants in improving the stability of power systems was determined.展开更多
The implementing effects of plant breeders' rights(PBR)system is influenced by many factors,such as knowledge of the PBR system,the expense of time for the application and approval,the cost of the applying case,etc...The implementing effects of plant breeders' rights(PBR)system is influenced by many factors,such as knowledge of the PBR system,the expense of time for the application and approval,the cost of the applying case,etc..Statistical analysis was carried out based on the above influencing factors by means of questionnaire to find out specific reasons.The result suggests that weak propagandizing;inappropriate propagandizing patterns and obstructed approaches for new regulations are all negatively contributing to the PBR.Meanwhile,current PBR system in China which has been found with many irrational aspects affected the impractical design of regulatory operation and the examining efficiency.Lastly,several suggestions were offered on the base of the results.展开更多
Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder's Rights (PBR). DUS Test Guidelines are no...Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder's Rights (PBR). DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing, but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants. Tea plant, originated from Yunnan Province, China, is a very important woody cash species in the world. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant is the first Test Guidelines prepared by China for the UPOV. In this article, the subject, selection, and determination of characteristics, states of expression of characteristics and the selection of example varieties, assessment of the UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant were elucidated in detail. Finally, the proposal of PVP for tea plant in China was also proposed. The preparation of UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant will have important significance both for promoting the development of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.展开更多
This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a t...This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a time-series gener ative adversarial network(TimeGAN)is used to learn the distri bution law of the original PV data samples and the temporal correlations between their features,and these are then used to generate new samples to enhance the training set.Subsequently,a hybrid network model that fuses bi-directional long-short term memory(BiLSTM)network with attention mechanism(AM)in the framework of deep&cross network(DCN)is con structed to effectively extract deep information from the origi nal features while enhancing the impact of important informa tion on the prediction results.Finally,the hyperparameters in the hybrid network model are optimized using the whale optimi zation algorithm(WOA),which prevents the network model from falling into a local optimum and gives the best prediction results.The simulation results show that after data enhance ment by TimeGAN,the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of short-term PV power prediction and has wide applicability.展开更多
Under the new regulatory requirements for nuclear power plants in Japan, which were enacted in response to the nuclear accident associated with the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011, i...Under the new regulatory requirements for nuclear power plants in Japan, which were enacted in response to the nuclear accident associated with the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011, it is a requirement to establish a site-specific "standard tsunami" based on numerical analysis considering non-seismic factors in addition to general seismic faults. It is necessary to establish a consistent evaluation scheme for estimation of tsunami height induced by submarine landslide, since a standard framework for evaluation has not yet been established even though several models for calculation have been proposed and applied in practice. In this study, we estimated the scale of submarine landslide from a literature survey and showed examples of tsunami height evaluation using multiple schemes. As a result of evaluation of tsunami height using three schemes, the Watts model, the KLS model, and the modified-KLS model, the result obtained by the KLS model was comparatively large for every case.展开更多
Over the past 50 years, the Green Revolution and exploitation of heterosis have allowed cereal grain yield to keep pace with world- wide population growth. Unfortunately, plant growth and crop productivity are heavily...Over the past 50 years, the Green Revolution and exploitation of heterosis have allowed cereal grain yield to keep pace with world- wide population growth. Unfortunately, plant growth and crop productivity are heavily dependent on the application of synthetic fertilizers.展开更多
China is facing increasing challenges in food security and environmental protection, and the plant breeding has made enormous contribution to solving the problems. The legal protection of new plant varieties has the i...China is facing increasing challenges in food security and environmental protection, and the plant breeding has made enormous contribution to solving the problems. The legal protection of new plant varieties has the important function of encouraging innovations in the field of plant breeding. However, the widely use of modem biotechnology has caused great controversy in society, and some people propose to limit the scope of plant variety right, especially for Genetically Modified Organisms (hereinafter "GMOs"). When designing and interpreting the regulations on the protection of new plant varieties, we should keep in mind that the plant variety right is a private right aiming to encourage innovation, and take the principles and relationships in the field of innovation into consideration. Proper regulation and incentives for innovation are both the essential themes in the fields of modem technologies. Intellectural property (hereinafter "IP") laws should focus on encouraging innovation, while the law system, including the Seed Law, the Food Safety Law and the Environmental Protection Law, should provide systematic, scientific and strict regulations on the research, propagation and marketing of new plant varieties. The whole law system and the market can function together to guide the plant breeders to be committed to breeding new varieties that meet the needs of food security, food safety and environmental protection.展开更多
Shandong Development and Reform Commission recently announced in a documen that based on the enterprise self-inspection and provincial inspection results,it had ordered Shandong Weiqiao Pioneering Group and Xinfa Grou...Shandong Development and Reform Commission recently announced in a documen that based on the enterprise self-inspection and provincial inspection results,it had ordered Shandong Weiqiao Pioneering Group and Xinfa Group to close 3.21 million tons o illegal aluminum production capacity by the end of July.Besides Shandong,other provinces and regions with high aluminum展开更多
文摘Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential, higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grain-filling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 - 0.95). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0. 84 - 0. 97 ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.
文摘The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.
文摘Association mapping(as opposed to population mapping) is becoming more important in establishing associations between a phenotype and a genotype.The major advantage of association mapping,
文摘In order to ease the fossil energy crunch,new energy sources need to be fully utilized.Clean energy sources such as wind,light,and nuclear energy are important tools to solve environmental and energy problems.However,in the process of researching new energy farms,there are some problems when they are integrated into the power system.In order to ensure the stability of new energy power plants,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the grid connection technology of new energy farms.In the study,it is necessary to learn about the specific problems of the stability of the grid connection of new energy power plants,and to clarify the specific application of the grid connection technology of new energy power plants from the application principle and advantages of the grid connection technology of new energy power plants.Through simulation experiments,the positive effect of grid connection technology of new energy power plants in improving the stability of power systems was determined.
文摘The implementing effects of plant breeders' rights(PBR)system is influenced by many factors,such as knowledge of the PBR system,the expense of time for the application and approval,the cost of the applying case,etc..Statistical analysis was carried out based on the above influencing factors by means of questionnaire to find out specific reasons.The result suggests that weak propagandizing;inappropriate propagandizing patterns and obstructed approaches for new regulations are all negatively contributing to the PBR.Meanwhile,current PBR system in China which has been found with many irrational aspects affected the impractical design of regulatory operation and the examining efficiency.Lastly,several suggestions were offered on the base of the results.
文摘Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder's Rights (PBR). DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing, but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants. Tea plant, originated from Yunnan Province, China, is a very important woody cash species in the world. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant is the first Test Guidelines prepared by China for the UPOV. In this article, the subject, selection, and determination of characteristics, states of expression of characteristics and the selection of example varieties, assessment of the UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant were elucidated in detail. Finally, the proposal of PVP for tea plant in China was also proposed. The preparation of UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant will have important significance both for promoting the development of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.
基金supported by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19A20106)the Science and Technology Major Projects of Anhui Province(No.202203f07020003)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.52120522000F).
文摘This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a time-series gener ative adversarial network(TimeGAN)is used to learn the distri bution law of the original PV data samples and the temporal correlations between their features,and these are then used to generate new samples to enhance the training set.Subsequently,a hybrid network model that fuses bi-directional long-short term memory(BiLSTM)network with attention mechanism(AM)in the framework of deep&cross network(DCN)is con structed to effectively extract deep information from the origi nal features while enhancing the impact of important informa tion on the prediction results.Finally,the hyperparameters in the hybrid network model are optimized using the whale optimi zation algorithm(WOA),which prevents the network model from falling into a local optimum and gives the best prediction results.The simulation results show that after data enhance ment by TimeGAN,the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of short-term PV power prediction and has wide applicability.
文摘Under the new regulatory requirements for nuclear power plants in Japan, which were enacted in response to the nuclear accident associated with the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011, it is a requirement to establish a site-specific "standard tsunami" based on numerical analysis considering non-seismic factors in addition to general seismic faults. It is necessary to establish a consistent evaluation scheme for estimation of tsunami height induced by submarine landslide, since a standard framework for evaluation has not yet been established even though several models for calculation have been proposed and applied in practice. In this study, we estimated the scale of submarine landslide from a literature survey and showed examples of tsunami height evaluation using multiple schemes. As a result of evaluation of tsunami height using three schemes, the Watts model, the KLS model, and the modified-KLS model, the result obtained by the KLS model was comparatively large for every case.
文摘Over the past 50 years, the Green Revolution and exploitation of heterosis have allowed cereal grain yield to keep pace with world- wide population growth. Unfortunately, plant growth and crop productivity are heavily dependent on the application of synthetic fertilizers.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China (Project No. 2015MzD042) and the reviewers' advice is greatly acknowledged.
文摘China is facing increasing challenges in food security and environmental protection, and the plant breeding has made enormous contribution to solving the problems. The legal protection of new plant varieties has the important function of encouraging innovations in the field of plant breeding. However, the widely use of modem biotechnology has caused great controversy in society, and some people propose to limit the scope of plant variety right, especially for Genetically Modified Organisms (hereinafter "GMOs"). When designing and interpreting the regulations on the protection of new plant varieties, we should keep in mind that the plant variety right is a private right aiming to encourage innovation, and take the principles and relationships in the field of innovation into consideration. Proper regulation and incentives for innovation are both the essential themes in the fields of modem technologies. Intellectural property (hereinafter "IP") laws should focus on encouraging innovation, while the law system, including the Seed Law, the Food Safety Law and the Environmental Protection Law, should provide systematic, scientific and strict regulations on the research, propagation and marketing of new plant varieties. The whole law system and the market can function together to guide the plant breeders to be committed to breeding new varieties that meet the needs of food security, food safety and environmental protection.
文摘Shandong Development and Reform Commission recently announced in a documen that based on the enterprise self-inspection and provincial inspection results,it had ordered Shandong Weiqiao Pioneering Group and Xinfa Group to close 3.21 million tons o illegal aluminum production capacity by the end of July.Besides Shandong,other provinces and regions with high aluminum