Objective The production of coal fines is very common in the development of coalbed methane（CBM）in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China.A large amount of produced coal fines seriously affect the productivity ...Objective The production of coal fines is very common in the development of coalbed methane（CBM）in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China.A large amount of produced coal fines seriously affect the productivity of CBM wells（Wei Yingchun et al.,2013）.Therefore,the production problems of CBM wells caused by coal fines have attracted extensive attention.展开更多
The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptual...The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a ＂Cryptozoic Eon＂ that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features （except for the Ediacaran Period）. This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras （except for the Ediacaran Period）. Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chrouostratigraphical division： （1） the definition of the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology; （2） the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad orogenic characteristics, which has not met with requests on the concept of modern stratigraphy, except for the Ediacaran Period. In the revised chronostratigraphic scheme for the Proterozoic, the Archean-Proterozoic boundary is placed at the major change from a reducing early Earth to a cooler, more modern Earth characterized by the supercontinent cycle, a major change that occurred at ca. 2420 Ma. Thus, a revised Proterozoic Eon （2420-542 Ma） is envisaged to extend from the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at ca. 2420 Ma to the end of the Ediacaran Period, i.e., a period marked by the progressive rise in atmospheric oxygen, supercontinent cyclicity, and the evolution of more complex （eukaryotic） fife. As with the current Proterozoic Eon, a revised Proterozoic Eon based on chronostratigraphy is envisaged to consist of three eras （Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic）, but the boundary ages for these divisions differ from their current ages and their subdivisions into periods would also differ from current practice. A scheme is proposed for the chronostratigraphic division of the Proterozoic, based principally on geodynamic and geobiological events and their expressions in the stratigraphic record. Importantly, this revision of the Proterozoic time scale will be of significant benefit to the community as a whole and will help to drive new research that will unveil new information about the history of our planet, since the Proterozoic is a significant connecting link between the preceding Precambrian and the following Phanerozoic.展开更多
The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil a...The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil and gas source and the low exploration degree have constrained the further study of petroleum geological conditions and exploration deployment. Based on outcrop and core observations, geological section survey, trench exploration, high-precision gravity and magnetism and geological survey wells, this work discussed the basic geological conditions, main hydrocarbon source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and the oil and gas source.展开更多
Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated lumin...Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and 10Be, 26A1, 36C1, 3H, 21Ne nuclide dating methods. These dating methods are widely applied to determine moraine ages and have provided a large dataset. Unfortunately each method has its defects. In this paper, we will review these various dating methods and provide some comments.展开更多
1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority o...1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.展开更多
The first International Conference on Modern Process Mineralogy and Mineral Processing, organized by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China and hosted by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,was...The first International Conference on Modern Process Mineralogy and Mineral Processing, organized by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China and hosted by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,was held on September 22-25,1992,in Beijing,China.About 350 scholars and experts from 25 countries and regions showed up at the conference and 130 papers were presented,among them 98 papers are of mineral processing.Some of the papers given in mineral processing are summed up as follows.展开更多
Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judic...Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important展开更多
It is an important direction for China's power industry to master the design and the equipment manufacturing core technology of large-capacity HVDC power transmission systems,and to form the sustainable developmen...It is an important direction for China's power industry to master the design and the equipment manufacturing core technology of large-capacity HVDC power transmission systems,and to form the sustainable development capability.展开更多
Well cementing is an important step in petroleum engineering territory. Through many years study and research, China Nation Petroleum Corporation(abbreviated as CNPC) has made many good progresses in cementing process...Well cementing is an important step in petroleum engineering territory. Through many years study and research, China Nation Petroleum Corporation(abbreviated as CNPC) has made many good progresses in cementing process, and a series of cementing materials, cementing tools, and associated cementing techniques to them have been developed. Over the recent years, there have been significant improvements in application of single slurry system to super deep well, horizontal well, large displacement well and wells with large temperature span between cementing top and well bottom. Favorable results have been gained in field application of super high density cement slurry system and super low density cement slurry system. Application of conventional cementing tools and accessories has been the matured techniques, and breakthroughs have been made in liner hanger and swellable material.展开更多
December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protect...December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human RightsⅣ.Consolidating Social Mechanisms for Legal Protection of Human RightsⅤ.Strengthening the CPC Leadership over Legal Protection of Human RightsⅥ.Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law展开更多
The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welco...The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all guests from home and abroad.展开更多
Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue(IPCC,2007;Mann et al.,2008;Ding et al.,2009).The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change an...Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue(IPCC,2007;Mann et al.,2008;Ding et al.,2009).The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change and the continuous agriculture activity,providing the ideal"similar pattern"for studying the climate change and human adaption and impact in the future.Based on the recent studies of stalagmite,ice core,ocean,and lake etc.,the paper introduces the new progress in the Holocene climate and agriculture research in China as follows:(1)Discuss the variability,amplitude,and unstable characteristic of climate,as well as the abrupt events and mechanisms of climate.(2)Analyze the botanical index records for studying the early agriculture.(3)Review the agricultural origin,expanding,and development.(4)Reveal the style and intensity of early agriculture and understand the agricultural impact and adaption to the environmental changes.(5)Introduce ongoing research projects in China and emphasize the significance of increasing the dating precision and the indicative effectiveness of proxies.(6)Realize how the ecosystem and environmental factors respond to the increasing temperature process,understand how the human adapt to the rapid climate change,and provide the scientific basis for assessing the effects of climate change and the human adaption in the future.展开更多
This paper summarizes the recent progress of numerical weather prediction （NWP） research since the last review was published. The new generation NWP system named GRAPES （the Global and Regional Assimilation and Pre...This paper summarizes the recent progress of numerical weather prediction （NWP） research since the last review was published. The new generation NWP system named GRAPES （the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）, which consists of variational or sequential data assimilation and nonhydrostatic prediction model with options of configuration for either global or regional domains, is briefly introduced, with stress on their scientific design and preliminary results during pre-operational implementation. In addition to the development of GRAPES, the achievements in new methodologies of data assimilation, new improvements of model physics such as parameterization of clouds and planetary boundary layer, mesoscale ensemble prediction system and numerical prediction of air quality are presented. The scientific issues which should be emphasized for the future are discussed finally.展开更多
NATURAL materials, which possess annual lamination and record annually climatic or environmental changes, can be termed 'natural clocks'. They include tree rings, coral layers, varves, ice layers, and laminate...NATURAL materials, which possess annual lamination and record annually climatic or environmental changes, can be termed 'natural clocks'. They include tree rings, coral layers, varves, ice layers, and laminated speleothems which were reported only in the last few years. The growth layer rhythm in stalagmites is related to high-frequency and short-term climatic oscillations. The luminescent density of annual layers of stalagmites is the signal of environmental changes. The organic matter contained in drip展开更多
Preamble The rule of law is a symbol of human progress, and serves as the guarantee for ensuring human rights. It is the determination and ultimate goal of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the Chinese Governme...Preamble The rule of law is a symbol of human progress, and serves as the guarantee for ensuring human rights. It is the determination and ultimate goal of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the Chinese Government to fully implement law-based governance of the country, strengthen legal protection of human rights in all areas, ensure that the Chinese people fully enjoy their rights and freedoms, achieve social fairness and justice, and promote overall human development and social progress.展开更多
Human rights are a kind of right deriving from human dignity. The pursuit of well- being and dignity is theeternal aspiration of human beings, as well as of the Chinese people. Since re- form and opening up, particula...Human rights are a kind of right deriving from human dignity. The pursuit of well- being and dignity is theeternal aspiration of human beings, as well as of the Chinese people. Since re- form and opening up, particularly since the beginning of the 21 st century, China has achieved remarkable advancements in its human fights cause. In March 2012, the National People＇s Congress （NPC） approved, with broad support, amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law, which for the first time includes ＂respecting and protecting human fights.＂ It is a landmark in the history of China＇s human rights development and signals the rapid progress of human fights in China.展开更多
Much progress has been made in the research of breeding new rice line through gene engineering by Life Science College of Fudan Univ, Shanghai, and the Plant Science Res Inst of Shanghai Acad of Agri. It was the first...Much progress has been made in the research of breeding new rice line through gene engineering by Life Science College of Fudan Univ, Shanghai, and the Plant Science Res Inst of Shanghai Acad of Agri. It was the first time internationally that the research adopted a man-combined gene, taking agrobacterium as car-展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41402134 and 41272181)
文摘Objective The production of coal fines is very common in the development of coalbed methane（CBM）in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China.A large amount of produced coal fines seriously affect the productivity of CBM wells（Wei Yingchun et al.,2013）.Therefore,the production problems of CBM wells caused by coal fines have attracted extensive attention.
基金the Natural Sciences Foundation of China(grants No.41472090,40472065 and 49802012)
文摘The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a ＂Cryptozoic Eon＂ that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features （except for the Ediacaran Period）. This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras （except for the Ediacaran Period）. Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chrouostratigraphical division： （1） the definition of the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology; （2） the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad orogenic characteristics, which has not met with requests on the concept of modern stratigraphy, except for the Ediacaran Period. In the revised chronostratigraphic scheme for the Proterozoic, the Archean-Proterozoic boundary is placed at the major change from a reducing early Earth to a cooler, more modern Earth characterized by the supercontinent cycle, a major change that occurred at ca. 2420 Ma. Thus, a revised Proterozoic Eon （2420-542 Ma） is envisaged to extend from the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at ca. 2420 Ma to the end of the Ediacaran Period, i.e., a period marked by the progressive rise in atmospheric oxygen, supercontinent cyclicity, and the evolution of more complex （eukaryotic） fife. As with the current Proterozoic Eon, a revised Proterozoic Eon based on chronostratigraphy is envisaged to consist of three eras （Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic）, but the boundary ages for these divisions differ from their current ages and their subdivisions into periods would also differ from current practice. A scheme is proposed for the chronostratigraphic division of the Proterozoic, based principally on geodynamic and geobiological events and their expressions in the stratigraphic record. Importantly, this revision of the Proterozoic time scale will be of significant benefit to the community as a whole and will help to drive new research that will unveil new information about the history of our planet, since the Proterozoic is a significant connecting link between the preceding Precambrian and the following Phanerozoic.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grant No.D020641372123)
文摘The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil and gas source and the low exploration degree have constrained the further study of petroleum geological conditions and exploration deployment. Based on outcrop and core observations, geological section survey, trench exploration, high-precision gravity and magnetism and geological survey wells, this work discussed the basic geological conditions, main hydrocarbon source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and the oil and gas source.
基金supported by The State Key Science Research Programme for Global Change Research of China(Grant No. 2010CB951404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41071043,41271083)
文摘Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and 10Be, 26A1, 36C1, 3H, 21Ne nuclide dating methods. These dating methods are widely applied to determine moraine ages and have provided a large dataset. Unfortunately each method has its defects. In this paper, we will review these various dating methods and provide some comments.
文摘1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.
文摘The first International Conference on Modern Process Mineralogy and Mineral Processing, organized by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China and hosted by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,was held on September 22-25,1992,in Beijing,China.About 350 scholars and experts from 25 countries and regions showed up at the conference and 130 papers were presented,among them 98 papers are of mineral processing.Some of the papers given in mineral processing are summed up as follows.
文摘Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important
文摘It is an important direction for China's power industry to master the design and the equipment manufacturing core technology of large-capacity HVDC power transmission systems,and to form the sustainable development capability.
基金Part research results of"Cementing bond packing upgrading and bionic well wall consolidation drilling fluid techniques"of a key CNPC project"New technology and method of drilling"(No.2011A-4207)
文摘Well cementing is an important step in petroleum engineering territory. Through many years study and research, China Nation Petroleum Corporation(abbreviated as CNPC) has made many good progresses in cementing process, and a series of cementing materials, cementing tools, and associated cementing techniques to them have been developed. Over the recent years, there have been significant improvements in application of single slurry system to super deep well, horizontal well, large displacement well and wells with large temperature span between cementing top and well bottom. Favorable results have been gained in field application of super high density cement slurry system and super low density cement slurry system. Application of conventional cementing tools and accessories has been the matured techniques, and breakthroughs have been made in liner hanger and swellable material.
文摘December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human RightsⅣ.Consolidating Social Mechanisms for Legal Protection of Human RightsⅤ.Strengthening the CPC Leadership over Legal Protection of Human RightsⅥ.Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law
文摘The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all guests from home and abroad.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(Grant No.XDA01020304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172161)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB950204)
文摘Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue(IPCC,2007;Mann et al.,2008;Ding et al.,2009).The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change and the continuous agriculture activity,providing the ideal"similar pattern"for studying the climate change and human adaption and impact in the future.Based on the recent studies of stalagmite,ice core,ocean,and lake etc.,the paper introduces the new progress in the Holocene climate and agriculture research in China as follows:(1)Discuss the variability,amplitude,and unstable characteristic of climate,as well as the abrupt events and mechanisms of climate.(2)Analyze the botanical index records for studying the early agriculture.(3)Review the agricultural origin,expanding,and development.(4)Reveal the style and intensity of early agriculture and understand the agricultural impact and adaption to the environmental changes.(5)Introduce ongoing research projects in China and emphasize the significance of increasing the dating precision and the indicative effectiveness of proxies.(6)Realize how the ecosystem and environmental factors respond to the increasing temperature process,understand how the human adapt to the rapid climate change,and provide the scientific basis for assessing the effects of climate change and the human adaption in the future.
基金This work is jointly funded by the national key-research project ＂Innovative Researches on Chinese Numerical Weather Prediction System＂ （Grant No. 2004BA607B）the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China ＂Study on Weather Prediction Associated with Heavy Precipitation in China＂ （Grant No. 40233036）.
文摘This paper summarizes the recent progress of numerical weather prediction （NWP） research since the last review was published. The new generation NWP system named GRAPES （the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）, which consists of variational or sequential data assimilation and nonhydrostatic prediction model with options of configuration for either global or regional domains, is briefly introduced, with stress on their scientific design and preliminary results during pre-operational implementation. In addition to the development of GRAPES, the achievements in new methodologies of data assimilation, new improvements of model physics such as parameterization of clouds and planetary boundary layer, mesoscale ensemble prediction system and numerical prediction of air quality are presented. The scientific issues which should be emphasized for the future are discussed finally.
文摘NATURAL materials, which possess annual lamination and record annually climatic or environmental changes, can be termed 'natural clocks'. They include tree rings, coral layers, varves, ice layers, and laminated speleothems which were reported only in the last few years. The growth layer rhythm in stalagmites is related to high-frequency and short-term climatic oscillations. The luminescent density of annual layers of stalagmites is the signal of environmental changes. The organic matter contained in drip
文摘Preamble The rule of law is a symbol of human progress, and serves as the guarantee for ensuring human rights. It is the determination and ultimate goal of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the Chinese Government to fully implement law-based governance of the country, strengthen legal protection of human rights in all areas, ensure that the Chinese people fully enjoy their rights and freedoms, achieve social fairness and justice, and promote overall human development and social progress.
文摘Human rights are a kind of right deriving from human dignity. The pursuit of well- being and dignity is theeternal aspiration of human beings, as well as of the Chinese people. Since re- form and opening up, particularly since the beginning of the 21 st century, China has achieved remarkable advancements in its human fights cause. In March 2012, the National People＇s Congress （NPC） approved, with broad support, amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law, which for the first time includes ＂respecting and protecting human fights.＂ It is a landmark in the history of China＇s human rights development and signals the rapid progress of human fights in China.
文摘Much progress has been made in the research of breeding new rice line through gene engineering by Life Science College of Fudan Univ, Shanghai, and the Plant Science Res Inst of Shanghai Acad of Agri. It was the first time internationally that the research adopted a man-combined gene, taking agrobacterium as car-
