Analysis of Yield and Disease Resistance Traits of New Winter Rapeseed Varieties over the Past Twenty Years in China

Based on the results of the national regional trail for winter rapeseed in four groups,including the upper reaches,middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Huang-Huai region in the past twenty years,new varieties of winter rapeseed showed upward trend in average yield,the yield level in Huang-huai group was higher than other groups.The changes of average effective pods per plant were not significant in any group,but the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight showed increase trend.However,the increment of grains per pod in three Yangtze River groups was higher than that in Huang-Huai River group,while the increment of 1 000-grain weight was just opposite.The incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral disease in new varieties of winter rapeseed obviously decreased,and the incidence rate of S.sclerotiorum decreased lower than 5%.Genetic improvement for winter rapeseed should be focus on the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight in the future,and yield level of new varieties in all four groups is expected to increase.

Boehmeria nivea var. strigosa (Urticaceae), a new variety from Southwest China

Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly characterized by its green abaxial leaf blade,partly connate stipules,and densely patent strigose hairs on stems and potioles.The phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L,nrDNA and rbc L+nrDNA datasets,revealed that all individuals of B.nivea var.strigosa formed a monophyletic group.The conservation status of B.nivea var.strigosa is assessed as“Near Threatened”(NT)according to IUCN evaluation criteria.The discovery of this new variety is not only crucial for the taxonomy of ramie,but also provides reference for the exploration and utilization of ramie.

A New Combination and Two Varieties of Polystigmate Gomphonema (Gomphonemaceae Bacillariophyta) from Heilongjiang Province, China

The authors discribed a new polystigmate combination, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. okamurae (Skv.) Fan et Bao.comb.nov., and two new varieties, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. latum Fan et Wang. var. nov. and Gomphonema acuminatum var. obtusum Fan et Bao, var. nov., that were distinguished by frustule morphology under LM. The samples were collected from freshwater of Heilongjiang Province, China.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Flower Border Application Value of New and Superior Plants in Hefei Area

An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to assess the applicability of 18 new and superior varieties of flowers in Hefei City flower border applications.A total of 12 indicators were selected from three distinct aspects of adaptability,ornamental characteristics and use traits,in order to establish a comprehensive evaluation model.The results demonstrate that grade I(J≥2.685)exhibits excellent application value,encompassing six species of plants,such asHydrangeamacrophylla‘Endless Summer’;grade II(2.684≤J≤2.420)is also of notable application value,encompassing five species of plants,such asCallistemonrigidus;grade III(2.419≤J≤2.615)is of average application value,including five species of plants,such asCrocosmiacrocosmiflora;grade IV(J≤2.16)is of relatively poor application value.The evaluation results may be utilized as a theoretical reference for the promotion of new and superior varieties in the flower border of Hefei.

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

Impact of Implementing 1991 Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants in China

The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.

Farmers' Privilege under the Protection of New Plant Varieties

This paper studies farmers'privilege under the protection of new plant varieties,and points out that farmers'privilege is given to balance interests of plant breeders and relevant public.Based on this,it analyzes shortcomings of farmers'privilege regulations,and puts forward that it is required to improve farmers'privilege regulations in subjects,objects and contents of rights on the basis of learning from advanced legislation experience of foreign countries,and build the interest sharing mechanism between breeders and farmers.

Correlation and Cluster Analysis on the Quality Characters of New Middle-ripe Japonica Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the quality characteristics of the new middle-ripejapon/ca rico varieties in Jiangsu Province. [ Method] Four- teen new rice varieties included in the Middle-ripe Japon/ca Rice Regional Test in 2011 were selected as the materials. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on their quality traits. [Result] The rice cultivars possessed stable characteristics, which were difficult to be further improved. In addition, their quality traits had extremely complicated relationships, and the differences were significant between different groups. [ Conclusion] This study will provide reference for improving the quality traits of japonica rice.

New Varieties of Populus tomentosa Carr. and Breeding Techniques

The main morphological characteristics, producing area and growth characteristics of sixteen new varieties of Chinese white poplar （Populus tomentosa Carr. ） are reported, aiming at providing reference for breeding and extension of new varieties.

Study on Introduction Test of New Varieties of High Quality Conventional Rice in Yangjiang City, China

[Objective]The paper was to seek new varieties of high quality conventional rice suitable for Yangjiang area,Guangdong Province,China.[Method]In 2017,introduction test was performed with seven new varieties of high-quality conventional rice approved by Guangdong Province in recent years,including Huangsilizhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Heliyouzhan,Huahang 48,Limiaozhan,Lvyinzhan,Yuehesimiao,to investigate the main agronomic traits and yield of all varieties tested.[Result]The comprehensive performance of Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 was outstanding,showing the characters of good yield,excellent rice quality and strong stress resistance.[Conclusion]Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 are suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion in Yangjiang area.

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Ⅱ-you 92: a new hybrid rice for late seasonⅡ-you 92 is an indica hybrid rice that was developed by Jinhua Agri Res Inst, Zhejiang Province.Ⅱ-you 92 has a suitable growth duration of 122-125 d as double-cropping late season rice, 3-4 dshorter than that of Shanyou 64 and 6-7 d shorter than Shanyou 10. It has a compact plant type, high tiller-ing ability and plant height of 85-90 cn. A number of 3.4-3.6 million effective panicles per ha can be

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Qixiuzhan 3:a new high-yielding, good-quality indica rice varietyBy crossing Qishanzhan with Xinxiu 299, a new variety Qixiuzhan 3 was developed by the Rice Res Inst ofGuangdong Acad of Agri Sci.Being planted in the early season, this variety belongs to mid-late-maturity rice, with the same ma-

New technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast

After 8 yrs lab experiments and field tests, an advanced technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast was developed by a research group in Plant Protection Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. With this technique, the inoculum was prepared on a maize-rice-straw-agar media which was suitable for sporulation of most rice blast pathogen isolates. To avoid possible virulence variation during the vegetative growth, the conidia were harvested and preserved for later different sets of resistance evaluation tests. A simple and precise new method—smear inoculation was used for infection. The experi-

Preliminary Report of Induction Test of Tomato Varieties

An introduction and observation test was carried out to 8 tomato varieties in cement arch plastic greenhouse. The results showed that the tested variety 10-2 exhibited the highest average yield of 61 520.9 kg/hm2, which was higher than Mantian 2180 as control by 33.7%. Varieties 10-2 and 10-3 showed the advantages of good fruit type, uniform size, thick pericarp, good hardness, high fruit setting rate, strong disease resistance, good low temperature resistance, good tolerance to stor-age and transportation and good quality. They could be planted for demonstration as export varieties in open field and greenhouse in mountainous area in Ningxia.

口感番茄新品种“潍科玉玲珑”的选育

“潍科玉玲珑”是潍坊科技学院用自交系WKFQ015作母本、自交系YLL48作父本杂交选育而成的口感番茄新品种。该品种长势旺盛,早熟,果圆形底部略扁,未成熟果实带绿肩,成熟后果实亮深粉色,色泽亮丽,平均单果质量120 g,皮薄且有韧性,肉厚汁多,酸甜适度,风味浓郁,香味独特,维生素C含量22.1 mg·(100g)^(-1),番茄红素含量80.9 mg·kg^(-1),可溶固形物含量7.4%,品质优良。2020年1月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,适合山东省、河北省等大部分地区早春设施种植。

烤烟新品种川烟102的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种川烟102是以(K326×云烟85)F_(1)为母本、(NC86×Coker176)F_(1)为父本杂交,以抗TMV和黑胫病为育种目标,经系谱法选育而成的烤烟纯系。该品种田间生长整齐,长势较强,植株为筒形,叶色绿,叶形长椭圆,农艺性状较好;该品种对TMV免疫,中抗黑胫病和赤星病,田间落黄好,较易烘烤,综合经济性状显著优于主对照品种K326,优于副对照品种云烟87;烤后原烟外观质量优于主对照品种K326,与副对照品种云烟87相当;感官质量优于主对照K326和副对照云烟87,综合质量与主对照K326、副对照云烟87相当。川烟102是一个经济性状优、品质好、适应广的烤烟纯系新品种,适宜在安徽等东南烟区、四川等西南烟区种植。

大荚大粒鲜食大豆新品种‘兴化豆5号’的选育及特征特性

本研究旨在开发适合福建省及其相似生态区种植条件的高产优质鲜食大豆新品种,以促进地区内品种更新、提高产业效率,并支持乡村振兴计划。通过使用‘浙98002’作为母本和‘毛豆389’作为父本进行杂交,采用系谱选择法成功培育出优良品种‘兴化豆5号’。该品种于2020年入选参加福建省鲜食大豆区域试验。在2020—2021年的两年区域试验中,‘兴化豆5号’表现出色,平均鲜荚产量达到11522.7 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.67%。其标准荚产量为8261.7 kg/hm^(2),较‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.11%,且标准荚率为71.70%。‘兴化豆5号’以其大荚大粒特性及清煮后香甜柔糯的口感而受到好评,属于中晚熟型鲜食大豆品种,适宜于福建省春季播种。2022年7月,‘兴化豆5号’经过福建省农作物品种审定委员会的审定。这一研究成果预示着福建省及类似生态区鲜食大豆种植业的一大步前进,有望为当地农业发展带来积极影响。

高产抗条锈冬小麦新品种天选79号选育报告

为选育适宜甘肃陇南麦区及同类地区推广种植的抗病、丰产且适应性广的冬小麦品种,天水市农业科学研究所以自育高代品系00127-2-2-3作母本、周麦22号作父本配制杂交组合,经多年多点连续鉴定选择,培育成了抗条锈高产冬小麦新品种天选79号。2019—2021年参加甘肃省陇南片川区组区域试验,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量7437.90 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产6.87%。2021—2022年度参加生产试验,5点(次)平均折合产量6910.35 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产3.25%。该品种株高78.4 cm,穗长8.0 cm,每穗粒数40.96粒,籽粒白色,硬质,千粒重46.31 g,有效穗数570万穗/hm^(2)。具有抗条锈、稳产、抗倒伏、籽粒品质优良等特点,适宜在甘肃省天水渭河川道区及陇南麦区低海拔区种植。

高产抗病大豆新品种陇豆5号选育报告

针对甘肃省自然条件复杂,广适型大豆品种少,播种面积增长缓慢的现状,为选育出高产、稳产、抗病、适应性广的大豆新品种,甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所大豆课题组以吉育72为母本、Stout为父本,利用系谱法经过连续多年选择杂交选育出大豆新品种陇豆5号。该品种在2021—2022年进行的甘肃省大豆品种(系)区域试验中,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量2808.00 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种陇豆2号增产3.20%。在2023年进行的甘肃省大豆品种(系)生产试验中,7个试点平均折合产量为3030.30 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种陇豆2号增产4.30%。陇豆5号平均生育期128 d,属中晚熟品种,植株田间长势好、落叶性好、抗倒伏,抗花叶病毒病,抗灰斑病。籽粒饱满、圆形,商品性好,粗蛋白(干基)含量为394.8 g/kg,脂肪(干基)含量为202.1 g/kg。具有高产、稳产、抗病和广适应性等特性。该品种适宜春播种植,在甘肃省雨养农业区(干旱、半干旱)和非保灌区的中晚熟及晚熟品种类型区及类似生态区均可种植。

我国茶树新品种保护申请和授权现状

为明确我国茶树新品种保护申请和授权现状,通过收集整理我国茶树新品种保护申请、授权信息,从不同申报渠道、不同地区、不同申报主体对茶树新品种保护现状进行分析。结果表明,截止2023年12月31日,共76批次501件茶树新品种保护申请公告、28批次172件品种权授权公告,授权率34.26%,172件茶树新品种权从申请至授权公告日历时0.53~7.36年,平均授权年限4.11年。从国家林业和草原局申报茶树新品种保护33件,授权30件,授权率90.90%,平均授权年限1.19年;从农业农村部申报茶树新品种保护469件,授权142件,授权率30.28%,平均授权年限4.73年。共有132家单位或个人提交茶树新品种保护申请,44家作为品种权人被授予茶树新品种权,科研院所是最大的申请和授权主体,申请和授权数量分别为374件、124件,分别占比74.50%、72.09%。中国农业科学院茶叶研究所茶树新品种保护申请和授权数量最多,分别为95件、55件,分别占比18.92%、31.98%,宁波黄金韵茶业科技有限公司申请28件,授权25件,授权率最高(89.29%)。