A New Word Detection Method for Chinese Based on Local Context Information

Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method, the paper proposes an improved prediction by partical match （PPM） segmenting algorithm for Chinese words based on extracting local context information, which adds the context information of the testing text into the local PPM statistical model so as to guide the detection of new words. The algorithm focuses on the process of online segmentatien and new word detection which achieves a good effect in the close or opening test, and outperforms some well-known Chinese segmentation system to a certain extent.

Study on new words and their evolutions

Language change is the manner in which the phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of a language are modified over time. Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get combined or shortened. Information and communication technologies （ICT） are one of the major driving forces in the process of globalization. This paper focuses on some lexicon changes over the last two decades. In particular, affixation, compounding, blending, and meaning shift are illustrated in detail.

China’s Top New Words

Editor’s Note：Every year a number of new words and phrases from the Internet make it into a language’s vocabulary.Sorting through the most popular buzzwords and phrases used by China’s netizens reveals a virtual smorgasbord of linguistic ingenuity and also what was most important in the last 12 months.Let’s take a look at what was on the tip of China’s tongue in 2013

On the Translation of New Words in Current Affairs

As China continues to open up to the outside world,new words in every aspect of our daily life are emerging at a rapid speed.However,the quality of translation at present is not very satisfactory.This paper analyzes the features of these words,the errors in their translation and discusses the translation strategies based on the Functional Theory of Germany.

"Gelivable" "Yumi"——A Discussion of Emerging New Words in Chinese Language

Along with the unceasingly booming of new terms in Chinese language, some people complain that it is becoming more and more difficult to understand some terms like "囧", "给力","织围脖". Recently, there is a national notice about the forbidding of using"神马","PK"and "浮云" in the composition of Chinese Subject while attending the University Entrance Examination. Some linguists are wondering shall the orthodox language absorb all of them. Should the local legislation do anything about the protection of language and characters? How long will these emerging new words lively between people's lips? This article discusses the above questions by focusing on the historical development of the term "玉米", presenting the different attitudes of common people, linguists and the government, and analyzing some common social understanding of these terms.

The Application of Translation Strategies in the Chinese—Specific New Words to English

With China's all-round social development,especially entering the 21century,the social economy,science and technology and also the language changes are in a fast speed.Particularly,the growth of the Chinese-specific new words is much faster than any other periods.Along with the intercultural communication,the English translation of Chinese-specific new words has become a new research focus.Firstly,the paper is to introduce the growth background of the new lexical words,and then gives a definition and classifies them into the specific fields,after that the paper will discuss the two translation strategies-domestication and foreignization in translating the Chinese-specific new words to English.Comparing the strengthens and shortcomings of the two strategies,the paper draws a conclusion—regard the two translation strategies in a dialectical way.

How New Words Are Formed

With the development of the society and culture, English vocabulary change rapidly. English has always been in a state of evolution. In recent years new words enter the English language at an increasing rate. This paper makes an attempt to analyze eight ways of new English word formation, creating, blending, shortening, functional shift, back- formation, affixation, compounding and borrowing — by presenting mainly English examples.

How to Deal with New Words in Material——What is a Word and its Relations to the Reading

When you mention lexicology,absolutely it is a branch of linguistics,inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.The lexicologist Mc Carthy(1990)have given us his opinion about it.He said,grammar is important,and it indeed plays a vital rolein English study,but that is not all.In fact,tar from this.From this we can see,vocabulary and the study and learning of vocabularytake an outstanding place in the study of language,it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solvingability and efficiency of individual study.And it will make you much more receptive and productive in language processing and lan-guage production.Knowledge of English Lexicology can offer a great help to the work of the teachers of English.Armed with thisknowledge,they can better control the teaching materials,especially the concerning words.They can also select and organize mate-rials to teach in a more effective way.What is more,they can make use of the different sense relations to group vocabulary,inter-pret words and explain meanings to the students;At last,their teaching will prove better if they have the knowledge of dictionaries.In my thesis,I will talk about how to deal with new words in material.

Chinese New Word Identification:A Latent Discriminative Model with Global Features

Chinese new words are particularly problematic in Chinese natural language processing. With the fast development of Internet and information explosion, it is impossible to get a complete system lexicon for applications in Chinese natural language processing, as new words out of dictionaries are always being created. The procedure of new words identification and POS tagging are usually separated and the features of lexical information cannot be fully used. A latent discriminative model, which combines the strengths of Latent Dynamic Conditional Random Field （LDCRF） and semi-CRF, is proposed to detect new words together with their POS synchronously regardless of the types of new words from Chinese text without being pre-segmented. Unlike semi-CRF, in proposed latent discriminative model, LDCRF is applied to generate candidate entities, which accelerates the training speed and decreases the computational cost. The complexity of proposed hidden semi-CRF could be further adjusted by tuning the number of hidden variables and the number of candidate entities from the Nbest outputs of LDCRF model. A new-word-generating framework is proposed for model training and testing, under which the definitions and distributions of new words conform to the ones in real text. The global feature called ＂Global Fragment Features＂ for new word identification is adopted. We tested our model on the corpus from SIGHAN-6. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting even low frequency new words together with their POS tags with satisfactory results. The proposed model performs competitively with the state-of-the-art models.

New Words and Expressions(英文)

To start with,I mention that certainnew words and expressions are used rela-tively often by journalists when they com-pose reports and articles.Their writing issaid to be all right for a newspaper,butthat lacks imagination and beauty.Exam-pies:1.After the huddle with top Democratsand Republicans,the President

Supplement to New Words and Expressions

New words and expressions I havementioned in my previous article(见《福建外语》1984年4期)are supple-mented and amplified with the follow-ing:1.The capital put on festive air(首都披上节日盛装)。

Chinese New-coined Words Management in P.R.C

The paper relies on the language management model. First of all, the thousands of new words coined each year in China can be roughly divided into eight groups. Besides, it exemplifies the problems that have occurred in communication. Last but not least, to reflect language management acts/processes, it reports the efforts the language authorities and governmental bodies have made in the struggle to solve the problems. It attempts to remind the language management agencies of the point that for the use of new words, the language users are always right as long as communication flows without problems in understanding.

On the Creation and Formation of New Words

This thesis focuses its attention upon the analyses of the causes that bring about new words. The development of science and technology, international political turbulence and struggle, high-speed development of economy and economic crisis as well as the change of social and moral concepts, all of these exert influences upon new-word

On the English translation of the network new and hot words from the perspective of lexicology

From the initial sparks of fire to the present independent school, the network language has become the research object of many language scholars. With the rapid development of the lntemet, a large number of the network new words and hot words have a rapid impact on people＇s social communication and their life. This kind of the vocabularies truly reflects the different life attitudes and cultures mainly with the words as the carrier, and then shows the network cultures, mentalities and life styles of the Chinese people, and especially the young people in different stages. From the perspective of the English vocabulary, take the reverse into consideration of the reaction of the network new and hot words on the present situations of the life of young people, the latest social phenomena and the importance and particularity of the new things, and we can find out the roles and values of the network new and hot words in the intercultural communication.

A Cognitive Study of Word-formation of Chinese New Metaphorical Compounds

A great deal of new words are emerging and coming into vogue.Most of the previous studies on Chinese new words focused on their classification,form and meaning,as well as the social motivations.This thesis chooses to study the concept metaphor of Chinese new metaphorical compounds from the cognitive perspective based on 396 new words in 2010 and aims to classify the new metaphorical words in a new way and pay attention to the analysis of word formation of new metaphorical compounds.Besides,this paper attempts to explore the understanding process of metaphorical new words.

面向中文学习的现代汉语新词语融媒体知识库构建研究

新词语是社会发展的“晴雨表”,记录、整理、研究新词语,编纂、出版新词语词典不仅具有语言学价值,而且具有社会学、文化学价值。近年来学界编辑出版新词语词典90多部,发表研究论文900多篇,出版研究专著20多部,取得了巨大的成就。但随着融媒体时代的到来,适应中文教育、文化传承的需求,目前取得的成果还存在诸多不足,亟需开发现代汉语新词语融媒体知识库。应该收集整理新时代以来的新词语与新时期以来的新词语汇集在一起,形成大型的知识库。在此基础上,遴选一部分典型的新词语,整合相关资源,构建融媒体知识库,以满足全球中文教育与文化传承的需要。此项研究具有重要理论价值及应用价值,具有一定的创新性。

网络新词族“X替”探微——以“嘴替”为例

以“嘴替”为代表的网络新词族“X替”主要是由单音节的身体部位词或少量不及物动词与类词缀“替”构成的附加式合成词。“X替”的语义由“替代某人做某事的人”隐喻“某种表现引起共鸣的人”义,还可进一步转喻“对某行为深切认同”义,其中“替”有成为词缀的趋势。“X替”作句法成分受到语体的制约,在口语中作宾语,在书面语中除作宾语外,还可作主语与定语。“X替”在语言环境中具有鲜明的褒义色彩,其形成与流行受到了语言内部因素及外部因素的共同影响。

从《之江新语》看马克思主义新闻观的“学与用”

《之江新语》是习近平总书记坚持人民至上、坚持自信自立、坚持守正创新、坚持问题导向、坚持系统观念、坚持胸怀天下的务实的工作作风的思想必然。是新闻舆论工作的优秀实践,学习《之江新语》可以使我们新闻舆论工作者更好地理解坚持马克思主义世界观、坚持党性和人民性相统一、坚持社会主义文化方向的重大意义,通过明体达用、体用贯通,为社会主义现代化国家建设和推进中华民族伟大复兴提供坚强的舆论保证和文化保证。

融合学习扩展的非遗陶瓷工艺领域术语库构建及应用

文章通过学习扩展的机器学习和深度学习,提出针对非物质文化遗产项目语料的术语抽取及新词发现方法,形成领域术语库并探讨在数字人文领域的应用。首先使用自然语言处理方法对非遗陶瓷语料进行预处理,结合领域术语词表对语料进行标注;然后针对Random-CRFs模型,研究词表特征(DICT)、词性特征(POS)、部首特征(Radical)、拼音特征(Pinyin)对术语抽取效果的影响,再对比Random-CRFs、Random-BiLSTM、Random-BiLSTM-CRFs、BERT-BiLSTMCRFs等4个模型对术语抽取效果的影响;最后使用训练完成的模型对测试集语料进行新词识别,对抽取出的候选词进行人工判断,构建包含1,173个术语的非物质文化遗产陶瓷工艺领域术语库,将其应用于非遗项目画像、非遗陶瓷工艺知识图谱和非遗陶瓷工艺术语检索。