The term“security”comes from the word“Securitas”.Securitas was the Goddess of security and stability,in the Roman Empire.In modern times,security is often described as the absence of threat and fear.However,this c...The term“security”comes from the word“Securitas”.Securitas was the Goddess of security and stability,in the Roman Empire.In modern times,security is often described as the absence of threat and fear.However,this conceptualization has perils of which Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World can be accepted as the most extreme example.In such a world there is no need for the security goddess Securitas anymore.Everything is automated from birth to death.There is no fear and nothing to be afraid of,but the price that is paid,is becoming robotic in a totalitarian society.That is why a new conceptualization and a new definition of security can help prevent and overcome this totalitarian problem.By analyzing the main themes of the BNW novel without going into the details of the events and characters;the main purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of security and its nature and to offer a new definition of security.Firstly,a very short plot of the novel will be given.Secondly,the themes and ideas of the BNW will be discussed in terms of why it is a dystopia rather than a utopia.Thirdly,BNW will be evaluated in juxtaposition with the concept of security.Finally,an alternative definition of the concept of security will be offered in order to enhance its meaning and also to be able to prevent the coming of a possible future like BNW.展开更多
Through more than two months of trial operation,a heat recovery system, called broad-sense heatrecovery system, was put into operation in Shanghai Waigaoqiao Third Power Generation Corporation
With international competition heating up,whole indus-tries being restructured overnight and companies downsizing,not only millions of Americans’ right in the paycheck has beenclobbered, but also the incomes gap amon...With international competition heating up,whole indus-tries being restructured overnight and companies downsizing,not only millions of Americans’ right in the paycheck has beenclobbered, but also the incomes gap among them has beenwidened,which has happened not only between skilled and un-skilled workers,but also within these groups.展开更多
CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of s...CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of states pose new challenges and opportunities for international peace and development,展开更多
Aldous Huxley's Brave New World is called one of the"Anti-Utopian Trilogy"because of its obvious political emphasis. Yet the following analysis about its theme shows that it is more than a science fictio...Aldous Huxley's Brave New World is called one of the"Anti-Utopian Trilogy"because of its obvious political emphasis. Yet the following analysis about its theme shows that it is more than a science fiction or political fable. It was given more philosophical significance. The fact that happiness and truth cannot be compatible in the World Stare actually gives a warning to the modern society which depends too much on technical development and material prosperity.展开更多
The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene,but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncer...The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene,but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncertain.Moreover,it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant diversity.Here,we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on genomic data from the New World Vitis,a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among species.Biogeographic inference and fossil evidence suggest that the grapes were widely distributed from North America to Europe during the Paleocene to the Eocene,followed by widespread extinction and survival of relicts in the tropical New World.During the climate warming in the early Miocene,a Vitis ancestor migrated northward from the refugia with subsequent diversification in the North American region.We found strong evidence for widespread incongruence and reticulate evolution among nuclear genes within both recent and ancient lineages of the New World Vitis.Furthermore,the organellar genomes showed strong conflicts with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genomes.Our phylogenomic analyses provided an important assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate introgression in the New World Vitis,which potentially represents one of the most important mechanisms for the diversification of Vitis species in temperate North America and even the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere.The scenario we report here may be a common model of temperate diversification of flowering plants adapted to the global climate cooling and fluctuation in the Neogene.展开更多
There is relatively good evidence that non-human primates can communicate about objects and events in their envi- ronment in ways that allow recipients to draw inferences about the nature of the event experienced by t...There is relatively good evidence that non-human primates can communicate about objects and events in their envi- ronment in ways that allow recipients to draw inferences about the nature of the event experienced by the signaller. In some spe- cies, there is also evidence that the basic semantic units are not individual calls, but call sequences and the combinations gener- ated by them. These two findings are relevant to theories pertaining to the origins of human language because of the resemblances of these phenomena with linguistic reference and syntactic organisation. Until recently, however, most research efforts on the primate origins of human language have involved Old World species with comparatively few systematic studies on New World monkeys, which has prevented insights into the deeper phylogenetic roots and evolutionary origins of language-relevant capaci- ties. To address this, we review the older primate literature and very recent evidence for functionally referential communication and call combinations in New World primates. Within the existing literature there is ample evidence in both Callitrichids and Ce- bids for acoustically distinct call variants given to external disturbances that are accompanied by distinct behavioural responses. A general pattern is that one call type is typically produced in response to a wide range of general disturbances, often on the ground but also including inter-group encounters, while another call type is produced in response to a much narrower range of aerial threats. This pattern is already described for Old World monkeys and Prosimians, suggesting an early evolutionary origin. Second, recent work with black-fronted tiff monkeys has produced evidence for different alarm call sequences consisting of acoustically distinct call types. These sequences appear to encode several aspects of the predation event simultaneously, notably predator type and location. Since meaningful call sequences have already been described in Old World primates, we suggest that basic combi- natorial vocal communication has evolved in the primate lineage long before the advent of language. Moreover, it is possible that some of these communicative abilities have evolved even earlier, or independently, as there is comparable evidence in other taxonomic groups. We discuss these findings in an attempt to shed further light on the primate stock from which human language has arisen [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 680-697, 2012].展开更多
Editorial note： This was a speech delivered as a twentieth lecture of World Social Sciences Lectures at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences （IAS-Fudan） on September 17, 2009. In this lecture, Jose...Editorial note： This was a speech delivered as a twentieth lecture of World Social Sciences Lectures at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences （IAS-Fudan） on September 17, 2009. In this lecture, Joseph Raz discussed the role played by individual fights in the emerging new world order, as well as the associated intellectual diflficulties. Using the fight to education and the fight to health as illustrations, Raz reflected upon both the importance and necessity of individual rights in shaping the emerging new world order, where the traditional power actors at the international level should be duly held in check by individual fight-holders. To practice such claims, nonetheless, can lead to reckless activism and do much harm unless with certain institutions in place to impartially administer justice. 1kaz forcefully argued that such factors as of time, space and culture should be duly considered in laying the intellectual foundations for defining and implementing individual fights in the emerging new world order.展开更多
After Cornelius de Pauw,one of the most eminent representatives of the European Enlightenment,had published the second volume of his Recherches philosophiques sur les Américains,which in many ways was even more p...After Cornelius de Pauw,one of the most eminent representatives of the European Enlightenment,had published the second volume of his Recherches philosophiques sur les Américains,which in many ways was even more provocative than the first,a violent debate arose in Berlin,spreading quickly to a number of European countries and especially overseas.There is good reason to identify the first phase of this dispute as the Berlin Debate about the New World,especially when considering that Brandenburg and Prussia had been active colonists and had attempted to secure their share in the European move towards expansion.Was it a coincidence that,in 1769,of all places,this debate entered the heated phase of international dispute about the New World in the Prussian capital,which—after all—was a tranquil and idyllic spot compared to Paris,Amsterdam,or London?Certainly,as King of Prussia,Frederick II was the type of leader who made it clear that he was planning to write new music for the symphony of great political powers.From the beginning,the Prussian King was aware of the far-ranging political dimensions of his most-famous operatic project Montezuma.As he told Francesco Algarotti as early as October 1753,he was aiming to send a precise and memorable political message.Is it possible to understand the libretto from Frederick’s royal hands,the performance of“his”opera with Carl Heinrich Graun’s music,Giuseppe Galli Bibiena’s stage architecture,Giovanna Astrua’s arias,and hundreds of other people involved as a prelude to the Berlin Debate about the New World,which had led to heated discussion in the worldwide République des Lettres since the late 1760s?展开更多
At the Eighth Conference of the National Women Intellectuals’ Association, members of the host city, Changzhou Women Intellectuals’ Association, had a fashion show for over 100 members coming from other parts of the...At the Eighth Conference of the National Women Intellectuals’ Association, members of the host city, Changzhou Women Intellectuals’ Association, had a fashion show for over 100 members coming from other parts of the country.展开更多
通过对Access World News数据库和Press Display数据库的对比,探讨了全球两大媒体数据库各自的优势、特点和问题,通过案例,分析了图书馆咨询人员面对不同课题需求时数据库的工作策略。提出应该充分发挥各个数据库的功能优势,同时对数据...通过对Access World News数据库和Press Display数据库的对比,探讨了全球两大媒体数据库各自的优势、特点和问题,通过案例,分析了图书馆咨询人员面对不同课题需求时数据库的工作策略。提出应该充分发挥各个数据库的功能优势,同时对数据库自身的各种问题进行人工干预和后期处理,从而对研究课题进行最大程度的资料挖掘和分析。展开更多
In the golden September,leaders of the world’s 20 major economies all gathered in the city of Hangzhou,discussing how to transform the lackluster global economy into the'innovative,invigorated,interconnected and ...In the golden September,leaders of the world’s 20 major economies all gathered in the city of Hangzhou,discussing how to transform the lackluster global economy into the'innovative,invigorated,interconnected and inclusive'one,a vision proposed by the host country of China.This is the first time that China,the world’s second largest economy,took the presidency of the prime platform of global economic governance.The Business 20(B20)summit,which started on September 3展开更多
Since the end of the cold war,there have take place a number of notablechanges in the Third World and North-South relations,which are expected tohave a far-reaching impact on the evolving world configuration and even ...Since the end of the cold war,there have take place a number of notablechanges in the Third World and North-South relations,which are expected tohave a far-reaching impact on the evolving world configuration and even the inter-national relationship in the 21st century.展开更多
Athorough-going change in economic development mode is crucial to the solu-tion of the knotty world economy.The world’s trend in the nineties is toseek a“sustainable development”.The year 1992 winessed the convocat...Athorough-going change in economic development mode is crucial to the solu-tion of the knotty world economy.The world’s trend in the nineties is toseek a“sustainable development”.The year 1992 winessed the convocationof the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development;the UnitedNaitons Population Conference was convened in 1994;and in March 1995,the U-nited Nations World Summit on Social Development was held in Copenhagen.展开更多
Diversity is the basic feature of the world, which is not contradictory to the democratization of international relations and the efforts of the people of various countries in building a harmonious world. In recent ye...Diversity is the basic feature of the world, which is not contradictory to the democratization of international relations and the efforts of the people of various countries in building a harmonious world. In recent years, on the premises of respecting and maintaining diversity of the world, and by conforming to the historical trend of the times, China展开更多
文摘The term“security”comes from the word“Securitas”.Securitas was the Goddess of security and stability,in the Roman Empire.In modern times,security is often described as the absence of threat and fear.However,this conceptualization has perils of which Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World can be accepted as the most extreme example.In such a world there is no need for the security goddess Securitas anymore.Everything is automated from birth to death.There is no fear and nothing to be afraid of,but the price that is paid,is becoming robotic in a totalitarian society.That is why a new conceptualization and a new definition of security can help prevent and overcome this totalitarian problem.By analyzing the main themes of the BNW novel without going into the details of the events and characters;the main purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of security and its nature and to offer a new definition of security.Firstly,a very short plot of the novel will be given.Secondly,the themes and ideas of the BNW will be discussed in terms of why it is a dystopia rather than a utopia.Thirdly,BNW will be evaluated in juxtaposition with the concept of security.Finally,an alternative definition of the concept of security will be offered in order to enhance its meaning and also to be able to prevent the coming of a possible future like BNW.
文摘Through more than two months of trial operation,a heat recovery system, called broad-sense heatrecovery system, was put into operation in Shanghai Waigaoqiao Third Power Generation Corporation
文摘With international competition heating up,whole indus-tries being restructured overnight and companies downsizing,not only millions of Americans’ right in the paycheck has beenclobbered, but also the incomes gap among them has beenwidened,which has happened not only between skilled and un-skilled workers,but also within these groups.
文摘CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of states pose new challenges and opportunities for international peace and development,
文摘Aldous Huxley's Brave New World is called one of the"Anti-Utopian Trilogy"because of its obvious political emphasis. Yet the following analysis about its theme shows that it is more than a science fiction or political fable. It was given more philosophical significance. The fact that happiness and truth cannot be compatible in the World Stare actually gives a warning to the modern society which depends too much on technical development and material prosperity.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(32060055,31570211)the United States National Science Foundation(DEB 0743474,0743499)+3 种基金the Smithsonian Endowment Grants Programthe Small Grants Programthe Global Genome Initiative of the National Museum of Natural Historythe Smithsonian Barcode Network。
文摘The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene,but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncertain.Moreover,it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant diversity.Here,we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on genomic data from the New World Vitis,a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among species.Biogeographic inference and fossil evidence suggest that the grapes were widely distributed from North America to Europe during the Paleocene to the Eocene,followed by widespread extinction and survival of relicts in the tropical New World.During the climate warming in the early Miocene,a Vitis ancestor migrated northward from the refugia with subsequent diversification in the North American region.We found strong evidence for widespread incongruence and reticulate evolution among nuclear genes within both recent and ancient lineages of the New World Vitis.Furthermore,the organellar genomes showed strong conflicts with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genomes.Our phylogenomic analyses provided an important assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate introgression in the New World Vitis,which potentially represents one of the most important mechanisms for the diversification of Vitis species in temperate North America and even the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere.The scenario we report here may be a common model of temperate diversification of flowering plants adapted to the global climate cooling and fluctuation in the Neogene.
文摘There is relatively good evidence that non-human primates can communicate about objects and events in their envi- ronment in ways that allow recipients to draw inferences about the nature of the event experienced by the signaller. In some spe- cies, there is also evidence that the basic semantic units are not individual calls, but call sequences and the combinations gener- ated by them. These two findings are relevant to theories pertaining to the origins of human language because of the resemblances of these phenomena with linguistic reference and syntactic organisation. Until recently, however, most research efforts on the primate origins of human language have involved Old World species with comparatively few systematic studies on New World monkeys, which has prevented insights into the deeper phylogenetic roots and evolutionary origins of language-relevant capaci- ties. To address this, we review the older primate literature and very recent evidence for functionally referential communication and call combinations in New World primates. Within the existing literature there is ample evidence in both Callitrichids and Ce- bids for acoustically distinct call variants given to external disturbances that are accompanied by distinct behavioural responses. A general pattern is that one call type is typically produced in response to a wide range of general disturbances, often on the ground but also including inter-group encounters, while another call type is produced in response to a much narrower range of aerial threats. This pattern is already described for Old World monkeys and Prosimians, suggesting an early evolutionary origin. Second, recent work with black-fronted tiff monkeys has produced evidence for different alarm call sequences consisting of acoustically distinct call types. These sequences appear to encode several aspects of the predation event simultaneously, notably predator type and location. Since meaningful call sequences have already been described in Old World primates, we suggest that basic combi- natorial vocal communication has evolved in the primate lineage long before the advent of language. Moreover, it is possible that some of these communicative abilities have evolved even earlier, or independently, as there is comparable evidence in other taxonomic groups. We discuss these findings in an attempt to shed further light on the primate stock from which human language has arisen [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 680-697, 2012].
文摘Editorial note： This was a speech delivered as a twentieth lecture of World Social Sciences Lectures at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences （IAS-Fudan） on September 17, 2009. In this lecture, Joseph Raz discussed the role played by individual fights in the emerging new world order, as well as the associated intellectual diflficulties. Using the fight to education and the fight to health as illustrations, Raz reflected upon both the importance and necessity of individual rights in shaping the emerging new world order, where the traditional power actors at the international level should be duly held in check by individual fight-holders. To practice such claims, nonetheless, can lead to reckless activism and do much harm unless with certain institutions in place to impartially administer justice. 1kaz forcefully argued that such factors as of time, space and culture should be duly considered in laying the intellectual foundations for defining and implementing individual fights in the emerging new world order.
文摘After Cornelius de Pauw,one of the most eminent representatives of the European Enlightenment,had published the second volume of his Recherches philosophiques sur les Américains,which in many ways was even more provocative than the first,a violent debate arose in Berlin,spreading quickly to a number of European countries and especially overseas.There is good reason to identify the first phase of this dispute as the Berlin Debate about the New World,especially when considering that Brandenburg and Prussia had been active colonists and had attempted to secure their share in the European move towards expansion.Was it a coincidence that,in 1769,of all places,this debate entered the heated phase of international dispute about the New World in the Prussian capital,which—after all—was a tranquil and idyllic spot compared to Paris,Amsterdam,or London?Certainly,as King of Prussia,Frederick II was the type of leader who made it clear that he was planning to write new music for the symphony of great political powers.From the beginning,the Prussian King was aware of the far-ranging political dimensions of his most-famous operatic project Montezuma.As he told Francesco Algarotti as early as October 1753,he was aiming to send a precise and memorable political message.Is it possible to understand the libretto from Frederick’s royal hands,the performance of“his”opera with Carl Heinrich Graun’s music,Giuseppe Galli Bibiena’s stage architecture,Giovanna Astrua’s arias,and hundreds of other people involved as a prelude to the Berlin Debate about the New World,which had led to heated discussion in the worldwide République des Lettres since the late 1760s?
文摘At the Eighth Conference of the National Women Intellectuals’ Association, members of the host city, Changzhou Women Intellectuals’ Association, had a fashion show for over 100 members coming from other parts of the country.
文摘通过对Access World News数据库和Press Display数据库的对比,探讨了全球两大媒体数据库各自的优势、特点和问题,通过案例,分析了图书馆咨询人员面对不同课题需求时数据库的工作策略。提出应该充分发挥各个数据库的功能优势,同时对数据库自身的各种问题进行人工干预和后期处理,从而对研究课题进行最大程度的资料挖掘和分析。
文摘In the golden September,leaders of the world’s 20 major economies all gathered in the city of Hangzhou,discussing how to transform the lackluster global economy into the'innovative,invigorated,interconnected and inclusive'one,a vision proposed by the host country of China.This is the first time that China,the world’s second largest economy,took the presidency of the prime platform of global economic governance.The Business 20(B20)summit,which started on September 3
文摘Since the end of the cold war,there have take place a number of notablechanges in the Third World and North-South relations,which are expected tohave a far-reaching impact on the evolving world configuration and even the inter-national relationship in the 21st century.
文摘Athorough-going change in economic development mode is crucial to the solu-tion of the knotty world economy.The world’s trend in the nineties is toseek a“sustainable development”.The year 1992 winessed the convocationof the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development;the UnitedNaitons Population Conference was convened in 1994;and in March 1995,the U-nited Nations World Summit on Social Development was held in Copenhagen.
文摘Diversity is the basic feature of the world, which is not contradictory to the democratization of international relations and the efforts of the people of various countries in building a harmonious world. In recent years, on the premises of respecting and maintaining diversity of the world, and by conforming to the historical trend of the times, China
