Connotation and Characteristics of Employment Ability of New-generation Migrant Workers in China

Based on China's special conditions and characteristics of specific group of new-generation migrant workers,this article researches connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China,that is,the connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China should include four aspects:professional knowledge and skills,learning capacity,adaptability and environmental force.On this basis,through the analysis of indicators concerning connotation of employment ability,we get the overall characteristics of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China and reason responsible for its serious weakness.Finally we put forward corresponding countermeasures as follows:impart professional knowledge and skills;promote learning capacity;foster adaptive capacity;improve employment environment.

New-generation Migrant Workers' Urban Adaptation: A Case Study of Jianggan District in Hangzhou City

New-generation migrant workers are the " elite" among migrant workers,and whether they can really adapt to the city is one of the real problems to be urgently solved during China's new urbanization,related to the success of new urbanization construction. From the perspective of livelihood capital,this paper uses the measuring indicators in line with the new-generation migrant workers' livelihood characteristics,to analyze the typical characteristics and causes of new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation in Jianggan District of Hangzhou City based on field survey data. In the study,it is found that the new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation characteristics are focused on life adaptation,work adaptation and cultural adaptation,but the adaptation in the three areas is not good and there is a big room for improvement.

Typical Survey and Research on Returning-home Migrant Workers' Entrepreneurship in Jiangxi Province under Post-financial Crisis

In order to study the entrepreneurship situation of Jiangxi return migrant workers after the financial crisis,we have conducted a survey on 107 entrepreneurial return migrant workers in 6 counties of Jiangxi Province.The results show that the return of migrant workers is mainly attributed to personal factors,while social factors are also very important.The major difficulties facing return migrant workers are the funding difficulties,complicated formalities to start a business,difficulty in safeguarding their rights and interests,their own low quality and so on.The support needed by the return migrant workers from the government is manifested in five aspects,say,to improve the service and management for the entrepreneurship of migrant workers,to provide financing policy support,to increase the preferential fiscal and taxation policies,to enhance the entrepreneurship training and to provide preference for the return migrant workers to use land.

Intergenerational Comparative Study on Consumption of Migrant Workers in China

Based on China urban labor survey data of 2016, this paper investigates the differences in consumption level and structure between the new and previous generation rural migrant workers in China and identifies the determinants of migrant workers' consumption. According to descriptive analysis, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 26% more on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation. More specifically, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 33% more on clothing, food, housing and travel, and 10% more on healthcare on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation, while their per capita spending on education is only 73% that of their previous generation. Result of regression analysis shows that with other factors under control, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 14.9% more on clothing, food, housing and travel compared with their previous generation, and their per capita gross consumption is 10.9% higher than that of their previous generation. Consumption elasticity for clothing, food, housing and travel among the new-generation migrant workers' households and their overall consumption elasticity are both significantly higher than those of the previous generation migrant workers' households. Compared with their previous generation, the spending of the new-generation migrant workers' households on clothing, food, housing and travel represents a higher share of their overall consumption, and the share of their educational consumption is even lower.

Migrant Farmer-Workers Becoming New City Residents

The investigation group of the China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) went on a study tour of Shanghai Municipality and Wuxi, Zhenjiang and Changzhou of Jiangsu Province June 23-30, 2004 and found that the four cities had made gratifying achievements in protecting the rights and interests of migrant farmer workers and a large number of such workers are becoming new city residents of a number of cities

Factors Influencing Migrant Workers' Urban Labor Patterns: Willing Working Time in Urban Areas as the Mediator

China is witnessing a very complicated economic development environment.Migrant workers'working patterns will directly affect their income level and the realization of many economic and social development goals.This paper collects relevant data from three places:Shanghai,Lanzhou and Chengdu for empirical research whose results show that determinants of migrant worker's willing working time in urban areas mainly include the“income-consumption difference”,“urban-rural consumption difference”and their“urban income and expenditure uncertainty”.These factors directly affect their effective working time in the city,and determine their choice of choosing corresponding work patterns.From the significant differences of these factors,we can see that migrant workers in China is still struggling to solve their material needs under the pressure of livelihood,and less attention is paid to their spiritual needs and the pursuit of quality of life.

Labor Contract Law,Warm or Cold for Migrant Worker?

The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less costly without necessary welfares by some factory owners who often go to extreme to run sort of "sweatshop", as often reported by local and western media. The new labor rules could not possibly liberate all those sufferers.

基于SERVQUAL模型的佛山外来青年工作居住地选择满意度及诉求研究

对来到广东佛山青年工作居住地选择满意度及诉求展开研究,多重维度探究青年选择居住地的影响因素,探索青年选择佛山居住的满意度以及相关诉求。通过问卷调查和SERVQUAL模型分析,研究结果显示:医疗资源充足、教育水平程度、工资收入是青年选择佛山工作居住的主要考虑因素。但房价与收入水平相对合理性、第三产业的发展潜力和创新创业政策扶持力度是佛山有待加强的因素。因此,吸引外来青年的对策主要集中在优化第二产业结构、提升政府服务的便利程度、提高医疗水平服务、打造核心竞争力等方面。

外出务工、家庭汇款对耕地撂荒的影响——基于流失效应与收入效应的分析

本文借助家庭内部分工理论构建外出务工影响耕地撂荒的理论分析框架,并基于2016—2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据实证分析外出务工对耕地撂荒的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示,外出务工所带来的流失效应造成农户耕地生产有效劳动力投入不足,引致耕地撂荒行为的发生。同时,农户外出务工在非农部门获取超额的劳动回报,由此产生的收入效应并不会正向作用于农业生产性投资,实际导致了耕地保障功能的削弱,反而加剧了耕地撂荒。机制分析结果表明,外出务工主要是通过增加家庭汇款影响农户耕地撂荒行为。异质性分析结果显示,专业户家庭外出务工在一定程度上能够降低耕地撂荒行为的发生;外出务工对具有社会保障的农户家庭耕地撂荒的影响更为突出。因此,在保证农户拥有长期稳定的外出就业岗位和社会保障的基础上,要有效引导土地流转和托管,鼓励开展多种形式的农业适度规模经营以缓解耕地撂荒。

山东解放区民站的粮食工作

民站是解放战争时期山东解放区设立的以招待过往民工为主要任务的临时性支前机构,其中做好粮食的筹备、保存、支发等工作尤为重要。战争环境下,粮食的普遍紧缺和易坏特性与民站工作的临时性和机动性构成矛盾,促使民站采取多种手段筹粮,保障存粮质量,合理统筹粮食支拨。民站粮食工作的复杂样态是战争状态下前后方资源供需矛盾的实际体现,提供良好的用粮服务对鼓励民工积极支前有重要意义。

完善农民工按项目参加工伤保险制度研究

农民工是推进我国工业化、城镇化发展的主力军,已成为我国产业工人的主体力量。近年来,党和国家愈加重视农民工的健康问题。维护农民工的健康权益、完善工伤保险制度迫在眉睫。其中,农民工按项目参加工伤保险制度在实践中取得了较好的效果,然而也面临着一系列的现实困境。应通过规范用工制度,设立专门通道维护事实劳动关系;完善法律法规,增强农民工按项目参保的执行力;发挥社会力量,确保按项目参保资金落实到位;加强政策宣传,提高企业和农民工的参保意识;重视工伤预防,建立扎实的制度保障和人才保障等举措进一步完善农民工按项目参加工伤保险制度,从而加快解决农民工的健康保障问题,全面推进健康中国建设。

新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿实证研究:基于社会认知理论

基于社会认知理论,构建了新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿理论模型,并运用结构方程模型对理论模型进行实证分析。结果表明:与自我效能感相比,结果预期更能提高新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿;此外,组织支持、社会支持和行业转型对新生代农民工建筑业从业的结果预期和自我效能感均有显著影响,制度支持对从业的结果预期有显著影响。研究结果可为提高新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿提供对策与建议,具有一定的理论意义与实践价值。

生计抗逆力、主观地位认同与农村劳动力非农转移地点选择

劳动力非农转移是实现增收的重要途径,厘清农村劳动力非农转移方向的选择机理是进一步挖掘劳动力转移潜力的关键。本文以新迁移经济学理论为基础,利用2018年和2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的农户调查数据,构建结构方程模型考察了家庭生计抗逆力对农村劳动力非农转移方向的影响,并进一步检验了公平态度的调节机制以及主观地位认同的中介机制。研究结果表明:生计抗逆力中的缓冲能力和学习能力能显著促进农村劳动力选择“离土又离乡”型外出务工,但自组织能力却能促进农村劳动力选择“离土不离乡”型本地就业;农村劳动力的本地主观地位认同在生计抗逆力对其非农转移方向的影响中产生了中介效应,即缓冲能力通过提升农村劳动力的本地主观地位认同而促进其本地就业,学习能力和自组织能力通过降低其本地主观地位认同而促进其外出务工;此外,缓冲能力在劳动力所持公平态度的调节作用下,其主观地位认同会“向下偏移”从而产生了“相对剥夺效应”。因此,在农村劳动力非农转移的过程中,应当在提升其生计抗逆力的同时还需重视社会心理因素的作用,兼顾社会公平。

农户外出务工经历对生产性基础设施投资意愿的影响分析

引导和鼓励农户参与基础设施投资能够有效解决公共服务“最后一公里”难题。利用2018年全国新型农业经营主体调查数据,基于IAD延伸决策模型分析农户外出务工经历对生产性基础设施投资意愿的影响。结果表明:农户外出务工经历能够提升生产性基础设施投资意愿,这一结论具有稳健性。机制分析发现,规模扩张需求和技术型经营创新需求是农户外出务工经历提升生产性基础设施投资意愿的重要途径。从群组差异来看,农户外出务工就业层次越高,外出务工经历对投资意愿的提升效应越强;对于规模农户、年龄在50岁及以下或农业从事年限在20年及以下的农户,外出务工经历对投资意愿的提升效应显著。此外,东部地区数据表明外出务工经历能够通过提升投资意愿驱动投资行为产生。

外出务工对农户减量施用农药影响研究——以四川省柑橘种植户为例

过量施用农药已经威胁到中国农业的发展,同时还造成了严重的环境污染。在此背景下,农药减量施用对于中国农业的绿色发展具有积极作用。小农户作为农业生产的主要参与者,是农药减量施用的直接实施者,在外出务工带来的新特征下,引导农户合理施药对于实现减量施用农药有着重要意义。基于2020年四川省541户柑橘种植户的调查数据,运用OLS回归分析发现务工收入占比对农药减量施用有显著的正向影响,并通过分类回归探究务工收入占比、务工者性别、务工时间、务工距离、务工种类对农药减量施用的异质性影响。根据分析结果,政府和组织应积极帮助、引导农户外出务工,转变农户不愿外出的传统文化观念;针对不同特征的农户和个体采取针对性的激励措施,针对外出务工的遗留问题做好对策,在农业绿色发展和外出务工潮的新背景下,积极推进农药减量施用,推动农业转型。

建筑业超龄农民工养老模式的选择、实践意义与困境——兼论超龄农民工清退政策

在退休后继续从事建筑行业工作是建筑业超龄农民工自我养老安排的重要手段。这种“以工养老”模式形成于当前的城镇化背景,对于超龄农民工来说,继续打工可以进一步积累经济资源、巩固家庭地位、实现生命价值。但是,各地相继出台的超龄农民工清退政策冲击了这种养老模式,使得他们的劳动保障不足,被迫自我劳动剥削或提前返乡。相关部门应当在重视建筑工地安全的同时保障超龄农民工的相关权益,健全相关政策,对超龄农民工群体进行精准分类,让他们在城乡之间可进可退,即“进有出路、转有能力、退有保障”。

责任的围城:随迁老人城市融入的系统性困境——以中等城市S市L社区为例

随迁老人的社会融入日益成为重要的社会问题。通过对中等城市S市L社区的25位随迁老人开展一对一深度访谈获取调研资料,使用质性研究的三级编码进行归纳提炼,发现随迁老人在城市融入中面临系统性的困境,且影响因素复杂,在微观系统层面,表现为个体的生理状况、心理状况、社会交往等方面;在中观系统层面,表现为朋辈群体支持、家庭代际支持、家庭关系等方面;在宏观系统层面,表现为社区活动、城市文化、社会政策等方面。在这一框架之下,社会工作者可以从提升随迁老人的能动性、整合新旧社会关系网络、聚力构建社会支持系统等方面进行介入和干预。总之,随迁老人这一群体的城市融入困境,体现了父辈对传统家庭代际责任和家庭伦理观念的捍卫和践行,同时也凸显了子女在家庭养老反哺能力上的弱化和矛盾。

Economic development level and urban settlement intentions of the new-generation migrants in China: direct or interaction effect?

Based on a theoretical framework,this paper uses a multilevel model to examine the factors that correlate with the settlement intentions of China’s new-generation migrants.The level of regional economic development exerts not only random effects,but also an interaction effect with social integration on urban settlement intentions.Economic factors,including household income and home ownership,have a significant positive correlation with settlement intentions,while social char-acteristics such as social integration and social identification also have a positive correlation with the settlement intentions of new-generation migrants.Moreover,family migration strategies,parental migration experiences,short migration dis-tances,and long migration durations enhance urban settlement intentions.The set-tlement intentions exhibit significant inter-group differences between the migrants born in the 1980s and in the 1990s.Differences in the effects of the determinants are observed between these group samples and the total sample.

基于Rubin因果模型的处理变量与协变量的交互效应估计

借鉴Rubin因果模型,使用似然方法测量依从者平均因果效应中的参数,进而得到依从子群体中处理变量与协变量的交互效应。模拟研究表明所提出的方法表现良好。将该方法运用在2013年全国农村住户与外来务工住户的收入调查数据中,使用明瑟收入函数法评估外出务工对依从子群体的教育收益率的影响。实证结果表明:外出务工使得依从子群体的教育收益率提升3.22个百分点。