OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： O...OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,展开更多
番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)...番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)为融合表达框架的原核表达系统构建了表达NIa-Pro的重组载体pMAL-c5xNP,并转化大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导和Ni^(2+)-NTA-琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组融合蛋白MBP-NIa(N端和C端分别融合MBP和His标签),然后利用蛋白酶Factor Xa切去重组融合蛋白中的MBP,再通过直链淀粉树脂亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组蛋白NIa-Pro。活性检测结果表明,重组蛋白PRSV-NIa-Pro具有非特异的双链DNA酶和特异的蛋白酶双重活性。展开更多
To investigate the origin of the strong dependence of martensitic transformation temperature on composition, the elastic properties of high temperature B2 phases of both NiTi and NiAI were calculated by a first-princi...To investigate the origin of the strong dependence of martensitic transformation temperature on composition, the elastic properties of high temperature B2 phases of both NiTi and NiAI were calculated by a first-principle method, the exact-muffin orbital method within coherent potential approximation. In the composition range of 50-56 at. pct Ni of NiTi and 60-70 at. pct Ni of NiAI in which martensitic transformation occurs, non-basalplane shear modulus c44 increases with increasing Ni content, while basal-plane shear modulus c＇ decreases. In the above composition ranges however the transformation temperature of NiAI increases with increasing Ni content while that of NiTi decreases from experimental observation. The softening of c＇ is experimentally observed only in NiAI, and the decrease of c＇ with increasing Ni content is responsible for the increase of transformation temperature. The result of the present work demonstrates that, besides c＇, c44 also influences the martensitic transformation of NiTi and plays quite important a role.展开更多
The microstructures of B2-ordered NiA1 containing α-Fe precipitates have been investigated in terms of transmission electron microscopy. Fine precipitation of α-Fe (bcc structure) occurs in NiA1 by aging around 973...The microstructures of B2-ordered NiA1 containing α-Fe precipitates have been investigated in terms of transmission electron microscopy. Fine precipitation of α-Fe (bcc structure) occurs in NiA1 by aging around 973K. The aging behavior was investigated by microhandness measurements and the temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate- comaining B2- ordered NiA1 was investigated by compression tests over the temperature range of 673-1273K. The fine precipitation of α-Fe was found to enhance greatly the low and intermediate temperature yield strength. When the deformation temperature is over 1073K, the strength of precipitate- containing NiA1 was comparable to ternary solid solution hardening NiA1-Fe. Dislocations bypass the particles during deformation and typical Orowan loops were observed surrounding the or-Fe particles after deformation.展开更多
Small amounts of silver have been added to the intermetallic compound NiAl with the purpose of improving its mechanical properties. Four ternary NiAl-Ag alloys containing 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 at. pct Ag, denoted as NiAl-0...Small amounts of silver have been added to the intermetallic compound NiAl with the purpose of improving its mechanical properties. Four ternary NiAl-Ag alloys containing 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 at. pct Ag, denoted as NiAl-0.SAg,NiAl-1Ag, NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag, and the Ag-free NiAl have been oxidized at 1000℃ for 24 h in 0.1 MPa O2 to study the effect of the presence of silver on the oxidation behavior of NiAl. All the NiAl-Ag alloys are composed of a matrix of β-NiAl containing a dispersion of isolated particles of a second silver-rich phase. A continuous external layer of Al2O3 formed on all the alloys. In addition, the scales formed on NiAl-5Ag contained a thin and discontinuous layer of pure silver located at the alloy/Al2O3 interface, while those formed on NiAl-10Ag contained isolated particles as well as discontinuous layers of silver at various locations in the scale extending up to the gas/scale interface. The kinetic curves of all the alloys were generally composed of two main parabolic stages with smaller parabolic rate constants for the final stage. The addition of silver does not significantly affect the oxidation behavior of the NiAl intermetallic compound in all cases, as expected because silver is essentially present only as a second phase due to its very small solubility in β-NiAl.展开更多
In this paper, we employ the first-principle total energy method to investigate the effect of P impurity on mechanical properties of NiA1 grain boundary （GB）. According to ＂energy＂, the segregation of P atom in Ni...In this paper, we employ the first-principle total energy method to investigate the effect of P impurity on mechanical properties of NiA1 grain boundary （GB）. According to ＂energy＂, the segregation of P atom in NiA1E5 GB reduces the cleavage energy and embrittlement potential, demonstrating that P impurity embrittles NiA1E5 GB. The first-principle computational tensile test is conducted to determine the theoretical tensile strength of NiA1E5 GB. It is demonstrated that the maximum idea/tensile strength of NiA1E5 GB with P atom segregation is 144.5 GPa, which is lower than that of the pure NiA1E5 GB （164.7 GPa）. It is indicated that the segregation of P weakens the theoretical strength of NiA1E5 GB. The analysis of atomic configuration shows that the GB fracture is caused by the interfacial bond breaking. Moreover, P is identified to weaken the interactions between A1-A1 bonds and enhance Ni-Ni bonds.展开更多
基金financially sponsored by the Special Funding of Henan Health Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project,No.4173(2010-2015)Xinxiang Medical University of High-Level Personnel of Scientific Research Projects,No.08BSKYQD-004the Key Projects of Science and Technology Research of Department of Education in Henan,No.13A320869
文摘OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,
文摘番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)为融合表达框架的原核表达系统构建了表达NIa-Pro的重组载体pMAL-c5xNP,并转化大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导和Ni^(2+)-NTA-琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组融合蛋白MBP-NIa(N端和C端分别融合MBP和His标签),然后利用蛋白酶Factor Xa切去重组融合蛋白中的MBP,再通过直链淀粉树脂亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组蛋白NIa-Pro。活性检测结果表明,重组蛋白PRSV-NIa-Pro具有非特异的双链DNA酶和特异的蛋白酶双重活性。
基金Part of the calculations in this work was performed ona Shenteng 6800 supercomputer at CNIC, China.
文摘To investigate the origin of the strong dependence of martensitic transformation temperature on composition, the elastic properties of high temperature B2 phases of both NiTi and NiAI were calculated by a first-principle method, the exact-muffin orbital method within coherent potential approximation. In the composition range of 50-56 at. pct Ni of NiTi and 60-70 at. pct Ni of NiAI in which martensitic transformation occurs, non-basalplane shear modulus c44 increases with increasing Ni content, while basal-plane shear modulus c＇ decreases. In the above composition ranges however the transformation temperature of NiAI increases with increasing Ni content while that of NiTi decreases from experimental observation. The softening of c＇ is experimentally observed only in NiAI, and the decrease of c＇ with increasing Ni content is responsible for the increase of transformation temperature. The result of the present work demonstrates that, besides c＇, c44 also influences the martensitic transformation of NiTi and plays quite important a role.
文摘The microstructures of B2-ordered NiA1 containing α-Fe precipitates have been investigated in terms of transmission electron microscopy. Fine precipitation of α-Fe (bcc structure) occurs in NiA1 by aging around 973K. The aging behavior was investigated by microhandness measurements and the temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate- comaining B2- ordered NiA1 was investigated by compression tests over the temperature range of 673-1273K. The fine precipitation of α-Fe was found to enhance greatly the low and intermediate temperature yield strength. When the deformation temperature is over 1073K, the strength of precipitate- containing NiA1 was comparable to ternary solid solution hardening NiA1-Fe. Dislocations bypass the particles during deformation and typical Orowan loops were observed surrounding the or-Fe particles after deformation.
基金The financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50271079 is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Small amounts of silver have been added to the intermetallic compound NiAl with the purpose of improving its mechanical properties. Four ternary NiAl-Ag alloys containing 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 at. pct Ag, denoted as NiAl-0.SAg,NiAl-1Ag, NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag, and the Ag-free NiAl have been oxidized at 1000℃ for 24 h in 0.1 MPa O2 to study the effect of the presence of silver on the oxidation behavior of NiAl. All the NiAl-Ag alloys are composed of a matrix of β-NiAl containing a dispersion of isolated particles of a second silver-rich phase. A continuous external layer of Al2O3 formed on all the alloys. In addition, the scales formed on NiAl-5Ag contained a thin and discontinuous layer of pure silver located at the alloy/Al2O3 interface, while those formed on NiAl-10Ag contained isolated particles as well as discontinuous layers of silver at various locations in the scale extending up to the gas/scale interface. The kinetic curves of all the alloys were generally composed of two main parabolic stages with smaller parabolic rate constants for the final stage. The addition of silver does not significantly affect the oxidation behavior of the NiAl intermetallic compound in all cases, as expected because silver is essentially present only as a second phase due to its very small solubility in β-NiAl.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11404396 and 51201181)the Subject Construction Fund of Civil Aviation University of China(Grant No.000032041102)
文摘In this paper, we employ the first-principle total energy method to investigate the effect of P impurity on mechanical properties of NiA1 grain boundary （GB）. According to ＂energy＂, the segregation of P atom in NiA1E5 GB reduces the cleavage energy and embrittlement potential, demonstrating that P impurity embrittles NiA1E5 GB. The first-principle computational tensile test is conducted to determine the theoretical tensile strength of NiA1E5 GB. It is demonstrated that the maximum idea/tensile strength of NiA1E5 GB with P atom segregation is 144.5 GPa, which is lower than that of the pure NiA1E5 GB （164.7 GPa）. It is indicated that the segregation of P weakens the theoretical strength of NiA1E5 GB. The analysis of atomic configuration shows that the GB fracture is caused by the interfacial bond breaking. Moreover, P is identified to weaken the interactions between A1-A1 bonds and enhance Ni-Ni bonds.
