Effect of Interface Form on Creep Failure and Life of Dissimilar Metal Welds Involving Nickel-Based Weld Metal and Ferritic Base Metal

For dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)involving nickel-based weld metal(WM)and ferritic heat resistant steel base metal(BM)in power plants,there must be an interface between WM and BM,and this interface suffers mechanical and microstructure mismatches and is often the rupture location of premature failure.In this study,a new form of WM/BM interface form,namely double Y-type interface was designed for the DMWs.Creep behaviors and life of DMWs containing double Y-type interface and conventional I-type interface were compared by finite element analysis and creep tests,and creep failure mechanisms were investigated by stress-strain analysis and microstructure characterization.By applying double Y-type interface instead of conventional I-type interface,failure location of DMW could be shifted from the WM/ferritic heat-affected zone(HAZ)interface into the ferritic HAZ or even the ferritic BM,and the failure mode change improved the creep life of DMW.The interface premature failure of I-type interface DMW was related to the coupling effect of microstructure degradation,stress and strain concentrations,and oxide notch on the WM/HAZ interface.The creep failure of double Y-type interface DMW was the result of Type IV fracture due to the creep voids and micro-cracks on fine-grain boundaries in HAZ,which was a result of the matrix softening of HAZ and lack of precipitate pinning at fine-grain boundaries.The double Y-type interface form separated the stress and strain concentrations in DMW from the WM/HAZ interface,preventing the trigger effect of oxide notch on interface failure and inhibiting the interfacial microstructure cracking.It is a novel scheme to prolong creep life and enhance reliability of DMW,by means of optimizing the interface form,decoupling the damage factors from WM/HAZ interface,and then changing the failure mechanism and shifting the failure location.

Recent research progress in the mechanism and suppression of fusion welding-induced liquation cracking of nickel based superalloys

Nickel-based superalloys are extensively used in the crucial hot-section components of industrial gas turbines,aeronautics,and astronautics because of their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at high temperatures.Fusion welding serves as an effective means for joining and repairing these alloys;however,fusion welding-induced liquation cracking has been a challenging issue.This paper comprehensively reviewed recent liquation cracking,discussing the formation mechanisms,cracking criteria,and remedies.In recent investigations,regulating material composition,changing the preweld heat treatment of the base metal,optimizing the welding process parameters,and applying auxiliary control methods are effective strategies for mitigating cracks.To promote the application of nickel-based superalloys,further research on the combination impact of multiple elements on cracking prevention and specific quantitative criteria for liquation cracking is necessary.

Research on CMT welding of nickel-based alloy with stainless steel

Cold Metal Transfer （CMT） welding technique is a new welding technique introduced by Fronins company. CMT welding of nickel-based alloy with stainless steel was carried out using CuSi3 filler wire in this paper. Effects of welding parameters, including welding current, welding speed, etc, on weld surface appearance were tested. Microstructure and mechanical properties of CMT weld were studied. The results shaw that the thickness of interface reaction layer of the nickel- based alloy is 14. 3 μm, which is only 4. 33% of base material. The weld is made up of two phases, α-copper and iron-based solid solution. Rupture occurs initially at the welded seam near the edge of stainless steel in shear test. The maximum shear strength of the CuSi3 welded joint is 184. 9 MPa.

Mechanism of Action of Rare Earths in High Effective Fe Powder Welding Rods

The optimum coating composition of alkali Fe powder welding rods was designed by orthogonal experiment with mix rates. A new kind of effective RE-Fe powder welding rod was prepared which could be used at the condition of direct and indirect current. The arc characteristics and stabilities of effective Fe powder welding rods containing RE were analyzed by HANNOVER analyzer. The efficiency of Fe powder welding rods was tested by weighting method. It was found that the stability of Fe powder welding rods was improved when it was added with rare earths. The results of impact experiment at low temperatures and SEM analysis on impact break showed that the grain was refined, the welding joint was cleaned, and the mechanical properties of joint was enhanced with proper RE content. It was provided with good processing property for this effective RE-Fe powder welding rod, and its efficiency could arrive at 180%.

A new type of wear resistant overlay welding rod

By adopting the alloy wire of Ni 80 Cr 20 as the welding core and adding the alloy elements of B, Si, Mo and W into the outer plating covering, a new type of wear resistant overlay welding rod of Ni Cr B Si was developed. This overlay welding rod has several properties such as low melting point and good fluidity. With low content of W and Mo, the wearability and crack resistance of the overlay welding rod can be increased, and the hardness can be increased to about HRC64. This kind of overlay rod has been applied to the overlay of wearable workpieces, such as the valves of high temperature, high pressure and the side plates of floor boarding brick die.

Optimality analysis of multiplex A-TIG welding flux for nickel-base superalloy

Orthogonal experiment is employed to study a new kind of multiplex flux for nickel-base superalloy. This activated TIG welding flux is composed of NaF, MgF2 and CaF2, and their proportion is 5：4：1. Compared with conventional TIG welding, the penetration increases 164% by the action of the flux. Tensile test result indicates that the fracture strength of the mixed flux A-TIG weld bead is higher than base metal, and it increases along with the decrement of the welding current. The average extensibility of the weldment is beyond 100%, which means perfect ductility. MetaUographs elucidate that there exist lots of deep and evenly distributed dimples on the fiacture section of weld bead while on that of base metal there only exists a few shallow dimples and massive tearing ridge.

Hot Cracking Susceptibility of 800H and 825 Nickel-Base Superalloys during Welding via Spot Varestraint Test

Hot cracking susceptibility of fillers 52 and 82 in 800H and 825 nickel-base superalloys was discussed using the Spot Varestraint test.The fillers of 52 and 82 were added into nickel-base superalloys via a gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW).Experimental results showed that the hot cracking sensitivity of the nickel-base superalloys with filler at high temperature was lower than that without filler.The hot cracking sensitivity had a slight effect when the filler 82 was added.The total length of crack was increased,the liquid-solid(L-S)two-phase range is higher so that the hot cracking susceptibility will be raised.The morphologies of cracks included the intergranular crack in the molten pool,molten pool of solidification cracking,heat-affected zone of intergranular cracks,and transgranular crack in the heat-affected zone.

Effect of solution treatment on microstructure of Inconel 601 nickel-based superalloy weld seam

The microstructure of lneonel 601 nickel-based superalloy after gas tungsten arc welding and its transformation at different solution temperatures are studied. The results show that the original microstructure of weld seam is characterized coarsened austenitic granular crystal, there are a large amount of dispersed carbide and γ＇ phase with carbide as the core in the boundary of grains. Grain of heat-affected zone grows up severely with very little precipitated carbide. The carbide and γ＇ phase are gradually solved into the austenite matrix with the increase of solution treatment temperature. Especicdly solution treated at 1 150 ℃, the carbide and γ＇ phase are completely solved into the austenite matrix, the coarsened equiaxed anstenite grain sizes are refined.

H13堆焊修复组织与性能研究

文章对损坏的热作模具钢H13进行堆焊修复研究,选用化学成分相近的焊条Cr12MoV对模具的失效部位进行堆焊修复,然后,对堆焊后的试样进行不同温度的回火热处理,并研究其组织和性能。分析可知,热处理温度550℃时,组织为索氏体、铁素体、马氏体和颗粒碳化物等,组织不均匀,而且堆焊层硬度较高,消除应力不彻底;热处理温度为600℃时,组织为均匀分布的索氏体和细小碳化颗粒物,细小颗粒碳化物对材料有弥散强化的作用,硬度分布均匀,韧性较好,综合性能佳;热处理温度为650℃时,冲击韧性较好,但硬度分布不均匀,组织存在高温聚集长大的颗粒碳化物,弥散强化作用降低。综合分析可知,采用焊条Cr12MoV对热作模具钢H13进行堆焊修复,堆焊后采用600℃温度进行2次回火处理较为合理,能够获得较好的综合性能,可以满足工程应用需求。

基于深度学习的X射线燃料棒端塞缺陷自动检测方法研究

为了提高深度学习在X射线燃料棒端塞缺陷检测中的准确性,实现更高精度的无损检测,本文基于YOLOX的目标检测模型,针对该场景下目标缺陷尺寸极小的特点,对网络结构和损失函数进行了相应的改进,并在工业数据集上进行了验证。结果表明,该算法方案在保持较高识别速度的同时,识别精度获得了明显的提升,达到生产检测要求。该研究方法为今后燃料棒端塞焊缝X射线数字检测图像的高精度自动分析评价打下了坚实的基础。

核燃料棒电阻焊设备研制关键技术研究

为充分掌握影响核燃料棒电阻焊成形质量的关键因素,利用自研电阻焊专用设备研究了焊接电流、顶锻压力以及焊接时间等因素对电阻焊成形质量的影响规律,并与进口设备比较。结果表明,自研设备在顶锻结构和电极夹头等核心部件上采用新设计,使得焊缝成形与进口设备有显著差异,典型顶锻结合长度超过2 mm,该长顶锻变形可以采用超声检测直观表征焊缝缺陷,焊缝外观和组织结构检测均表明自研设备具有良好的焊接成形能力。

襄阳东站钢屋盖超多杆连接节点设计与足尺模型试验研究

襄阳东站屋盖南北向长358m,东西向最大跨度86m,采用焊接球钢网架,整体不设变形缝,南端开设瀑布造型大洞口,由于屋盖结构超长、不连续、大悬挑及瀑布造型使得钢屋盖空间受力十分复杂,特在分叉柱柱顶沿南北向设置加强杆以加强屋盖瀑布区洞口两侧边缘约束刚度及改善结构整体受力性能。钢屋盖瀑布区悬挑端分叉柱柱顶节点相连杆件达12根之多,该节点作为屋盖结构的关键节点,其受力状态尤为复杂,创新地采用了半铸造半相贯焊连接形式并采取了构造加强措施,针对该超多杆连接节点进行了足尺模型加载试验验证,详细介绍了试验加载装置、加载方案、试验现象及试验结果,并进行了有限元对比分析。结果表明有限元对比分析结果与加载试验吻合较好;该超多杆半铸造半相贯焊连接节点构造合理、承载力高,薄弱部位出现在与铸造本体相连的接长钢管上,满足强节点弱构件、强连接弱构件的设计要求。

压水堆核燃料棒环焊缝及堵孔点的数字射线检测

压水堆核燃料棒是核电站使用最多的一种燃料元件,需求数量逐年增加,为提高压水堆核燃料棒环焊缝及堵孔点的检测效率和质量,对其进行了数字射线检测试验。试验结果声明,其检测图片灵敏度最高可达0.25 mm,图像分辨率达D11,归一化信噪比为122,燃料棒缺陷图片与胶片试验、金相试验结果一致;该检测方法能满足燃料棒的质量评价要求。

既有网架受拉球节点托板加固技术试验研究

针对既有网架结构下弦受拉球节点加固问题,提出一种基于临杆焊接托板的加固方法。该方法综合考虑了受拉球节点与杆件的材质、空间结构以及尺度效应的影响,通过将球节点周围相邻杆件焊接托板进行加固,使得该方法便于施工,且能够普遍适用于各类受拉球节点的加固工程,并通过模型试验验证和仿真研究,焊接托板后的节点域承载能力大幅提升,加固效果良好,为既有网架受拉球节点加固提供了新思路。

800 MPa高强焊丝用盘条退火工艺研究

针对热轧800 MPa高强焊丝用盘条组织中存在较多淬火组织,在拉拔过程中不变形,深度拉拔时发生断裂问题,研究盘条退火工艺。利用马弗炉对盘条试样进行不同的退火工艺处理,研究退火工艺对盘条金相组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用650℃退火并保温2 h,然后在炉内冷却至300℃后再空冷至室温,能得到铁素体和颗粒状的渗碳体,这种组织的抗拉强度低,对盘条的后续拉拔生产更有利。

既有网架受拉球节点托板加固技术试验研究

针对既有网架结构下弦受拉球节点加固问题,提出一种基于临杆焊接托板的加固方法。该方法综合考虑了受拉球节点与杆件的材质、空间结构以及尺度效应的影响,通过将球节点周围相邻杆件焊接托板进行加固,使得该方法便于施工,且能够普遍适用于各类受拉球节点的加固工程,并通过模型试验验证和仿真研究,焊接托板后的节点域承载能力大幅提升,加固效果良好,为既有网架受拉球节点加固提供了新思路。

核电站控制棒驱动机构Canopy焊缝组织和性能研究

试验采用专用自动TIG焊机焊接核电站控制棒驱动机构Canopy焊缝,选用机械加工Y形环作为填充材料,研究Canopy焊缝组织和性能。结果表明:通过自动TIG焊,机械加工Y形环熔成的Canopy焊缝,成形良好,宽度适中,焊缝与母材冶金熔合良好;焊缝组织主要由板条状或骨架状铁素体与快速凝固的柱状奥氏体组成;经23.1~23.3MPa水压试验,Canopy焊缝表面无渗漏,无可见变形;维氏硬度结果表明:焊缝硬度在210HV左右,焊缝硬度分布均匀。该研究为核电站控制棒驱动机构Canopy焊缝用机械加工Y形环提供了宝贵的经验。

电阻焊工艺对掺钾钨棒焊点性能的影响

钾钨丝广泛用于高色温照明、汽车照明、劳保防护等领域,因掺钾钨条受K挥发影响,单根重无法做大,为了提高生产效率,一般采取电阻焊的方式提高钨杆单根重。但电阻焊的质量是影响丝材连续高效加工的关键因素。因此,本实验拟通过研究钨棒电阻焊工艺中的焊接电流和顶锻压力,摸索其对掺钾钨棒焊点性能的影响规律,结合焊点微观形貌组织和金相组织报告,确定合理良好的掺钾钨棒电阻焊接工艺,保障钨棒对焊质量。

白居寺长江大桥钢桁梁制造及精度控制关键技术研究

文章针对白居寺长江大桥制造过程中的重难点,为保证钢桁梁杆件的制造质量及节段拼装精度,对弦杆及锚固单元等重点构件制造精度、重要焊缝的焊接质量控制、试拼装精度控制等关键技术进行了研究,并应用于钢桁梁制造全过程,有效地解决了钢梁制造质量和精度控制难题,实现了项目的质量目标。

地锚拉杆对无缝线路稳定性的影响

为探明地锚拉杆对无缝线路稳定性的影响,建立了无缝线路稳定性有限元分析模型,以半径为600 m无缝线路为例,分析了拉杆支撑刚度、地锚拉杆铺设间距及其安装温度对钢轨横向位移及钢轨允许温升的影响。研究结果表明:钢轨允许温升与拉杆支撑刚度和地锚拉杆安装温度正相关,与地锚拉杆铺设间距负相关;在地锚拉杆与钢轨温度一致的假设下,地锚拉杆安装温度小于无缝线路锁定轨温时,地锚拉杆的存在会削弱无缝线路的稳定性。建议地锚拉杆支撑刚度控制在1.9×108N/m附近,铺设间距为4倍轨枕间距,且安装温度要高于无缝线路锁定轨温。