Identifying drivers of urban landuse changes in the Wenchuan earthquake- affected area by using night-time light data

To learn the process of urban land evolution before and after an earthquake is vital to formulate the urban reconstruction control policies and recovery measures in the earthquake-stricken areas.However,spatiotemporal evolution and its driving factors of urban land in earthquake-prone areas remains limited due to the scarcity of ground observation data.This research,leveraging night-time light remote sensing imagery and land cover data,conducted a comprehensive analysis of the long-term evolution characteristics of urban land in earthquake-prone areas.It introduced methodologies for assessing the socio-economic impact and the primary natural environmental factors driving urban land evolution in these regions.To validate the proposed methods,the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-affected area in China was selected as a representative study area.The results indicated that the average Digital Number(DN)values in socio-economically impacted areas showed a trend of rising,falling,and then rising again after the earthquake.DN values in three types of damaged areas including Type Ⅱ,Type Ⅲ,and Type Ⅳ exceeded pre-earthquake levels.The analysis of determinative factors influencing urban land evolution revealed that slope and elevation were key elements in controlling urban land expansion before the earthquake,whereas factors such as slope,elevation,lithology,and faults had a stronger influence on urban land expansion after the earthquake.It can be seen that,in view of the differences in the natural conditions of regions for post-disaster reconstruction,the local government need to actively adjust and adapt to urban spatial planning,so as to leverage the scale effect of large-scale inputs of funds,facilities,human resources and other factors after the disaster,thus enhancing resilience and recovery efficiency in response to disaster impacts.

Spatio-temporal variation and propagation direction of coal fire in Jharia Coalfield,India by satellite-based multi-temporal night-time land surface temperature imaging

In this paper,the spatio-temporal variation and propagation direction of coal fire were studied in the Jharia Coalfield(JCF),India during 2006–2015 through satellite-based night-time land surface temperature(LST)imaging.The LST was retrieved from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)night-time thermal-infrared data by a robust split-window algorithm based on scene-specific regression coefficients,band-specific hybrid emissivity,and night-time atmospheric transmittance.The LST-profile-based coal fire detection algorithm was formulated through statistical analysis of the LST values along multiple transects across diverse coal fire locations in the JCF in order to compute date-specific threshold temperatures for separating thermally-anomalous and background pixels.This algorithm efficiently separates surface fire,subsurface fire,and thermally-anomalous transitional pixels.During the observation period,it was noticed that the coal fire area increased significantly,which resulted from new coal fire at many places owing to extensive opencast-mining operations.It was observed that the fire propagation occurred primarily along the dip direction of the coal seams.At places,lateral-propagation of limited spatial extent was also observed along the strike direction possibly due to spatial continuity of the coal seams along strike.Moreover,the opencast-mining activities carried out during 2009–2015 and the structurally weak planes facilitated the fire propagation.

Dialect Diversity,Factor Agglomeration and City Size:Empirical Test Based on Satellite Night-Time Light Data

Since the reform and opening up program was initiated in 1978,China’s urbanization has made rapid progress,but urban development remains unbalanced and insufficient.From the perspective of social and cultural diversity,this paper explores the impact of dialect diversity on city size.Dialect diversity impedes the expansion of cities by causing a trust segmentation and impeding cross-regional factor flow and the factor agglomeration effect.Based on the regional dialect diversity indicator and the NPP-VIIRS city night-time light index of 2016,this paper offers an empirical study of the impact of dialect diversity on city size.Econometric results indicate that dialect diversity has a significantly negative impact on city size.On average,an increase of each dialect sub-category leads to a decrease in city size estimated by the night-time light index by 4.55%.Robustness test and causality identification reveal that the estimated results of this paper have a robust causal relationship.Further empirical research indicates that dialect diversity affects the expansion of city size by inhibiting the flow and agglomeration of labor,capital and technology factors.Our research suggests that the development of diverse and inclusive modern cities needs to balance the costs and benefits of cultural diversity and uniformity,break through cultural barriers,remove cultural prejudices,raise the level of social trust,and give play to the complementary effect of cultural diversity.

Significant Shift of Ambient Night-Time Air Temperature during Rice Growing Season in Major US Rice States

Heat stress studies in rice (Oryza sativa sp.) under extreme weather scenarios generally use constant temperatures to influence the crop responses without relation to actual weather changes. These heat stress studies may have limited implications for future crop yields because elevated temperatures are not based on local temperature fluctuations. This study investigated the night-time air temperature pattern and assessed the status and reliability of available weather station data in four major rice growing states;Arkansas (AR), California (CA), Louisiana (LA) and Texas (TX) using four public weather station databases. Hourly and daily night-time air temperatures from 20:00 to 06:00 were obtained from 1940 to 2018 during the rice growing period. During the 67-year period, a significant increase of 1.12°C and 0.53°C in seasonal night air temperature occurred in CA and AR (P ≤ 0.001) while LA and TX showed minimal to no increase in night air temperature. Across all rice states and years, night air temperature fluctuations ranged between ±0.2°C and ±4°C with the greatest occurred in CA (2.9°C) and AR (4.5°C). Mean night-time air temperature across all states ranged from 22.6°C to 29.5°C with a rate of increase of 0.01°C to 0.02°C per year since 1941. Due to a relatively smaller spatial dataset (from 1941-2018), trend analyses for AR, TX and LA showed modest bias with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.5°C to 1.1°C of absolute mean temperature across all locations. Results in this study showed seasonal night-time air temperature change occurred in some major US rice producing states during the last 67-years. This study highlights the need for more weather stations near agricultural farms to reliably derive actual temperature patterns in the rice growing regions.

Night-time Rise in Rat Pineal N-Acetyltransferase due to Carbaryl Administration Is Reduced by Propranolol Treatment

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of administration of sublethal doses of carbaryl on nighttime rat pineal melatonin synthesis in the presence and absence of propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Two groups of adult male albino rats were administered orally N-methyl-l-naphthylcarbamate (carbaryl) (8. 33mg/kg BW daily in corn oil) for six successive days; another two groups received corn oil only.On the last day of carbaryl treatment, half of the animals received an intraperitoneal injection of propranolol (20 mg/kg body weight, one hour before lights off). The other two groups were given a saline injection. Four hours after darkness onset, pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activities as well as pineal concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), serotonin (5HT),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) and pineal and serum melatonin levels were measured. Nocturnal NAT activity was increased due to carbaryl administration but the pesticide was ineffective in stimulating NAT activity in rats treated with propranolol.Pineal 5HT was decreased due to carbaryl administration but 5HTP and 5HIAA levels were unaffected. Pineal and serum melatonin levels were decreased due to propranolol treatment. The results indicate that carbaryl may influence pineal NAT activity by a mechanism that involves β-adrenergic neural transmission.

Electromagnetic response function for the semi-annual variations estimated by the single-station method using the night-time values of the geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic night-time values were used to estimate the electromagnetic response function Q1 for half-year period. If the spatial structure of the source field can be described by the approximation, one can estimate the Q1 value using the single-station Z/H method. This technique enables us to carry out regional deep gcomagnetic sounding by the method. The data used for analyses are geomagnetic night-time values for about, typically, 26 years from 5 good-quality stations and for several years from 34 stations distributed over the globe. The results indicate that the night-time values yield more reliable response estimates for half-year period compared to the usual estimates obtained from daily means. It implies that the approximation for the night-time fields holds good for the half-year period, but the daily means are not suitable for estimating the response function of the semi-annual variations by using the single-station method. Source field analyses for daily means data and night-time means data have also been carried out in this paper.

Incidence and Management of Early Postoperative Hypoxemia after Abdominal Surgery at Teaching Hospital

Background: Oxygen saturation refers to the quantity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood, that is to say the level of oxygen measurable in the red blood cells when they have passed through the lungs. The aim of this study was to describe the management of early postoperative hypoxemia after abdominal surgery at the Yaounde General Hospital (YGH). Method: This is a quantitative, observational study, with a descriptive aim, which took place in the anesthesiology department of the YGH, over a period of 2 months from August 1st to October 1st, 2023. The study included all the patients ≥18 years, of both sexes who had abdominal surgery under general anesthesia and were willing to participate during the time of data collection. The variables studied were the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors for oxygen desaturation, postoperative variations in SPO2 and therapeutic tools. Results: We collected 30 patients among whom 11 presented with early postoperative hypoxemia i.e. a frequency of 36.7%. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 63 years and the mean was 42.47 ± 13.5 years on average. The sex ratio was 0.5. Hysterectomy was the most commonly performed surgery (23.3%). The most common comorbidity was high blood pressure (30%). Half of the patients had midline incision. Supra-umbilical surgery predominated (56.7%), intraoperative blood loss ≥500 ml in 46.7% of cases. Upper abdominal surgery with, subcostal incision and blood loss ≥500 ml are statistically significant risk factors for the occurrence of early postoperative hypoxemia (P Conclusion: Hypoxemia is the result of impaired respiratory function favored by the conditions encountered during the early postoperative period.

Venopulmonary ECMO Improved Hypoxemia and Supported the Right Ventricle in a Patient with Decompensated Eisenmenger Syndrome

Mechanical circulatory and/or respiratory assistance with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a standard of care for patients with circulatory (venoarterial) and/or respiratory (venovenous) failure refractory to standard therapies. Adult patients with congenital heart disease are an increasingly recognized and growing population and include various groups, such as undiagnosed cases in childhood and palliated and/or corrected cases, which require subsequent care because of residual lesions, cardiac arrest/insufficiency, and arrhythmias, among other conditions. In addition, these patients are prone to developing pathologies that are typical of adulthood with a generally increased risk of morbidity and mortality because of their low reserves and organic damage associated with the underlying heart disease, which makes them candidates for ECMO. These patients represent an additional challenge in this therapy because malformations and the presence of a shunt can generally affect the usual cannulation methods and hemodynamic and oximetry monitoring. Thus, the configuration decision must be made on a case-by-case basis. Here, we present a cannulation method, venopulmonary artery ECMO, which provides hemodynamic and respiratory support, and may be ideal for patients with shunts and/or right ventricular dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this configuration in patients with congenital heart diseases.

Severe hypoxemia after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation in palliatively repaired tetralogy of Fallot: A case report

BACKGROUND Patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)often have arrhythmias,commonly being atrial fibrillation(AF).Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment for AF and does not usually cause severe postoperative hypoxemia,but the risk of complications may increase in patients with conditions such as TOF.CASE SUMMARY We report a young male patient with a history of TOF repair who developed severe hypoxemia after radiofrequency ablation for AF and was ultimately confirmed to have a new right-to-left shunt.The patient subsequently underwent atrial septal occlusion and eventually recovered.CONCLUSION Radiofrequency ablation may cause iatrogenic atrial septal injury;thus possible complications should be predicted in order to ensure successful treatment and patient safety.

改良重症超声快速管理方案在心脏外科术后ICU患者低氧血症病因诊断中的应用研究

目的:探讨改良重症超声快速管理方案(M-CCUE)在心脏外科术后重症监护室(ICU)患者低氧血症病因诊断中的应用。方法:选择86例转入ICU低氧血症患者,采用M-CCUE方案进行病因分析,并与最终诊断结果进行匹配,对比分析M-CCUE方案诊断效能。结果:86例常规检查诊断肺水肿30例,胸腔积液17例,肺实变/肺不张25例,气胸12例。经M-CCUE方案诊断肺水肿33例,胸腔积液16例,肺实变/肺不张26例,气胸11例。进一步评估,最终确诊肺水肿34例,胸腔积液16例,肺实变/肺不张26例,气胸10例。常规检查对气胸诊断特异度为92.10%,灵敏度为60.00%,肺水肿诊断特异度为84.61%,灵敏度为64.70%,对胸腔积液、肺实变/肺不张诊断灵敏度均为超过60.00%。M-CCUE方案对胸腔积液、肺实变/肺不张、气胸诊断的特异度、灵敏度均高于80.00%。结论:M-CCUE方案对心脏外科术后低氧血症患者病因诊断灵敏度、特异度较高。

Chronic permanent hypoxemia predisposes to mild elevation of liver stiffness

AIM:To evaluate the impact of long term permanent hypoxemia noticed in patients with non operated congenital cyanogenic cyanotic cardiopathy on liver stiffness.METHODS:We included ten adult patients with non operated inoperate cyanotic cardiopathy and ten matched patients for age and gender admitted to the gastroenterology department for proctologic diseases;Clinical and laboratory data were collected[age,gender,body mass index,oxygen saturation,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT),glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT),glycemia and cholesterol].Measurement of hepatic stiffness by transient elastography was carried out in all patients using the Fibroscan device.All patients underwent an echocardiography to eliminate congestive heart failure.RESULTS:Among the patients with cyanotic cardiopathy,median liver stiffness 5.9±1.3 kPa was greater than control group(4.7±0.4 kPa)(P=0.008).Median levels of GOT,GPT,gamma-glutamyltransferase,glycemia and cholesterol were comparable in cardiopathy and control group.In regression analysis including age,gender,body mass index,oxygen saturation,GOT,GPT,glycemia,cholesterol showed that only oxygen saturation was related to liver stiffness(r=-0.63 P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Chronic permanent hypoxemia can induce mild increase of liver stiffness,but further studies are needed to explore the histological aspects of liver injury induced by chronic permanent hypoxemia.

Hypoxemia without persistent right-to-left pressure gradient across a patent foramen ovale:A clinical challenge

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for systemic hypoxemia is controversial. The first systematic, albeit retrospective, study was recently presented which showed good procedural and clinical success for PFO closure for this indication. We present a case of acute right to left intra-cardiac shunt across PFO where the shunting is not persistent. Hence making a decision on PFO closure based on the aforementioned promising trial may not have been the right decision for the patient. This case highlights that the decision on PFO closure for such indication needs to be individualized. We also review the sparse literature on PFO closure for this indication and discuss how the decision making for such indication needs to be individualized.

Postoperative secondary aggravation of obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome and hypoxemia with bilateral carotid body tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Carotid body tumor(CBT)is a chemoreceptor tumor located in the carotid body,accounting for approximately 0.22%of head and neck tumors.Surgery is the main treatment method for the disease.CASE SUMMARY We reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of one patient who had postoperative secondary aggravation of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and hypoxia after surgical resection of bilateral CBTs.This patient was admitted,and relevant laboratory and imaging examinations,and polysomnography(PSG)were performed.After the definitive diagnosis,continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment was given,which achieved good efficacy.CONCLUSION This case suggested that aggravation of OSAHS and hypoxemia is possibly caused by the postoperative complications after bilateral CBTs,and diagnosis by PSG and CPAP treatment are helpful for this patient.

Continuous positive airway pressure for treating hypoxemia due to pulmonary vein injury:A case report

BACKGROUND Vascular injury during thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer is a rare but life-threatening complication that can lead to severe hypotension and hypoxemia.Anesthesiologists need to provide rapid and effective treatment to save patients'lives.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male patient was scheduled to undergo a thoracoscopic-assisted radical resection of esophageal cancer through the upper abdomen and right chest.While dissociating the esophagus from the carina through the right chest,unexpected profuse bleeding occurred from a suspected pulmonary vascular hemorrhage.While the surgeon attempted to achieve hemostasis,the patient developed severe hypoxemia.The anesthesiologist implemented continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)using a bronchial blocker(BB),which effectively improved the patient’s oxygenation and the operation was completed success-fully.CONCLUSION CPAP using a BB can resolve severe hypoxemia caused by accidental injury of the left inferior pulmonary vein during surgery.

The clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension with nocturnal hypoxemia

Objective Hypoxemia is one of the main factors of pulmonary hypertension,and it can also be a complication of pulmonary hypertension,and it is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases,which increases the adverse prognosis of patients.At present,there are some controversies about the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea disorder in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Phrenic Nerve Injury Is a Differential Diagnosis of Hypoxemia after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy:2 Cases Report and Literature Review

Hypoxemia after general anesthesia is not uncommon.For patients after thoracotomy,the differential diagnosis is usually difficult.Surgical,anesthetic,and patient-associated factors may contribute to postoperative hypoxemia.We described two patients who underwent videassisted thoracoscopic thymectomy and developed hypoxemia immediately after extubation.Phrenic nerve injury was suspected in both patients.One case recovered spontaneously without intervention.The second case who had been demonstrated as bilateral phrenic nerve injury after the operation was continuously on ventilator after physical therapy and respiratory training for 2 months.

THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN APPLIEDTHROUGH DRID SHIP CONSTANT HEADVESSEL TO DLALYSATE ONDIALYSIS HYPOXEMIA

Thgrough experimental and clinical observation of the effect or oxygensupplyed in grid shape through constant head vessel on the PaO2 and Sao2 or bloodthrough dialyser, the result suggested that supplying oxygen through constant head vessel in grid shape is one good way to treat dialysis hypoxemia.

俯卧位通气对严重脑功能损伤患者低氧血症的影响

目的观察俯卧位通气(PPV)在改善严重脑功能损伤患者低氧血症中的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选择2O20年8月至2O21年8月收住在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院重症医学科的140例严重脑功能损伤患者作为研究对象。按照纳入和排除标准,对氧合指数≤200mmHg(1mmHg~0.133kPa)并行PPV的20例患者进行统计分析。比较患者PPV前、PPV后12h、恢复仰卧位后12h血气分析相关指标[包括动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))氧合指数、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))pH值]和呼吸机相关参数[包括气道峰压(PIP)、呼气末正压(PEEP)、潮气量(VT)、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)等],以及平均动脉压(MAP)心率(HR)的差异,同时记录患者PPV期间的相关并发症。结果患者男性15例,女性5例;平均年龄(46.10±17.22)岁,平均PPV时间(22.20±5.94)h。与PPV前比较,患者PPV后12h和恢复仰卧位后12hPaO_(2)、氧合指数、SaO_(2)、VT、Cdyn均明显升高[PaO_(2)(mmHg):98.35±21.85、98.45±17.90比72.15±10.14,氧合指数(mmHg):198.82±40.51、202.27±46.39比133.20±33.95,SaO_(2):0.97±0.02、0.97±0.01比0.94±0.03,VT(mL):558.42±111.23、580.29±119.44比484.82±123.77,Cdyn(mL/cmH_(2)O):26.11±5.42、27.90±5.80比24.15±6.13,均P<0.05];与PPV后12h比较,患者恢复仰卧位后12hCdyn亦明显升高(P<0.05)。患者PPV前后各时间点FiO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、pH值、PIP、PEEP、HR、MAP比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。5例患者在PPV后出现以颜面部为主的皮肤受压处红肿,恢复为仰卧位后逐渐好转。期间未出现导管脱落、恶性心律失常及明显血流动力学不稳等情况。结论PPV对改善严重脑功能损伤患者的低氧血症有一定临床疗效。

Effect of improving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury

Objective:to investigate the effect of improving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia on the prognosis of different subgroups of patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods:medical staff were trained about the prehospital first aid for 2 months to fully master the methods of improving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia,then the prognosis of TBI patients pre-and post-training for 12 months was collected and recorded.The prognostic differences of different TBI subgroups were discussed through data analysis.Results:after the training,the proportion of prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia in TBI patients decreased by 77%(8.5%vs.1.9%)and 63%(9.9%vs.3.6%,P<0.05),respectively.However,only the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI patients was improved,the proportion of patients with"good prognosis^increased by 14%(61.4%vs.70.5%,respectively)and 62%(35.6%vs.58%),and no significant effect showed in mild and critical TBI patients.Conclusion:reducing the incidence of prehospital hypoxemia and hypotension can improve the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI patients,while no significant effect on mild and critical TBI patients.

经鼻咽喷射局麻药表麻联合深度镇静在气管镜检查中的应用

目的探讨经鼻咽通气道气管内表麻联合深度镇静麻醉方法在气管镜检查中的效果、安全性和可行性。方法选择需行支气管镜检查的患者60例。采用随机数字表法将患者分为2组(n=30):环甲膜局部麻醉组(C组)和鼻咽通气道局部麻醉组(E组)。C组患者在患者入室后经环甲膜穿刺气管内表麻,并常规鼻吸氧疗;E组患者在入室后吸气期经鼻咽通气道喷射诱导咳嗽气管内表麻,并经鼻咽通气道吸氧疗。2组均静脉注射丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼,达到镇静深度(Ramsay>4分)时手术医师置入纤支镜。观察的主要结局是2组患者术中低氧血症发生率;次要结局为入室(T0)、环甲膜穿刺后及鼻咽通气道置入后(T1)、至声门(T2)、至隆突(T3)、清醒时(T4)等时间点的平均动脉压、心率、托下颌、退镜、术中利多卡因总量、手术时间、恢复时间、医生和患者满意度、丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼的用量、咳嗽评分以及其他术中并发症包括术后咽痛、恶心、呕吐和鼻出血的发生率。结果主要结局:与C组比较,E组术中发生低氧血症发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。次要结局:2组利多卡因总量无统计学差异(P>0.05);与C组比较,E组托下颌例数、退镜例数明显减少(P<0.05);与C组比较,E组手术时间明显缩短、医患满意度明显增高、瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05);两组恢复时间、丙泊酚用量、咳嗽评分及术后并发症差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经鼻咽通气道通气联合喷射局麻药诱导咳嗽的局部麻醉方式,可以防止术中发生低氧血症发生率,缩短手术时间,提高手术医师和患者的满意度。