华北落叶松夜间树干液流特征及生长季补水格局

在宁夏六盘山北侧半干旱区的叠叠沟小流域,采用热扩散探针法在2011年生长季监测了华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)人工林的树干液流速率,分析了夜间树干液流和补水量的变化特征及与气象、土壤水分等环境因子的关系。结果表明:树干液流速率日变化表现为典型的单峰宽峰曲线,且整个生长季均存在微弱的夜间液流,一般表现为逐渐减小,特别是在晴天,且晴天的变幅显著大于雨天。除生长季中期雨天夜间液流平均速率显著高于晴天,生长季初期及末期雨天与晴天的差异并不显著。生长季内,夜间树干补水总量为11.03 mm,占总蒸腾量的7.22%;5月份的树干补水量最大(4.19mm),其他月份的树干补水量明显减小,在0.9—1.7mm的范围波动。但不同月份间的补水贡献率存在明显差异,表现为生长季末期(9、10月)>初期(5月)>中期(6—8月)。相关分析表明,日补水量与各气象因子关系不大,仅与降水量显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤含水率、日间蒸腾量、日蒸腾总量极显著正相关(P<0.01)。夜间补水的月蒸腾贡献率与月均土壤含水率、月均气温、月均日间蒸腾量、月总蒸腾量等显著相关(P<0.05);而夜间补水的日蒸腾贡献率与日最高气温、日均气温、日间蒸腾量、日均饱和水汽压差、日总蒸腾量、日均太阳辐射强度、日最低气温、日均空气相对湿度、日降水量、土壤含水率等极显著相关(P<0.01),经逐步回归分析建立了日补水量蒸腾贡献率与环境因子的多元线性模型。

Nighttime sap flow of Acacia mangium and its implications for nighttime transpiration and stem water storage

Aims Nighttime sap flow of trees may indicate transpiration and/or recharge of stem water storage at night.This paper deals with the water use of Acacia mangium at night in the hilly lands of subtropical South China.Our primary goal was to reveal and understand the nature of nighttime sap flow and its functional significance.Methods Granier’s thermal dissipation method was used to determine the nighttime sap flux of A.mangium.Gas exchange system was used to estimate nighttime leaf transpiration and stomatal conductance of studied trees.Important Findings Nighttimesap flowwas substantial and showed seasonal variation similar to the patterns of daytime sap flowin A.mangium.Mean nighttime sap flow was higher in the less precipitation year of 2004(1122.4 mm)than in the more precipitation year of 2005(1342.5 mm)since more daytime transpiration and low soil water availability in the relatively dry 2004 can be the cause of more nighttime sap flow.Although vapor pressure deficit and air temperature were significantly correlated with nighttime sap flow,they could only explain a small fraction of the variance in nighttime sap flow.The total accumulated water loss(E_(L))by transpiration of canopy leaves was only;2.6–8.5%of the total nighttime sap flow(E_(t))during the nights of July 17–18 and 18–19,2006.Therefore,it is likely that the nighttime sap flow was mainly used for refillingwater in the trunk.The stem diameter at breast height,basal area and sapwood area explained much more variance of nighttime water recharge than environmental factors and other tree form features,such as tree height,stem length below the branch,and canopy size.The contribution of nighttime water recharge to the total transpiration ranged from 14.7 to 30.3%depending on different DBH class and was considerably higher in the dry season compared to the wet season.

木荷树干夜间水分补充的季节动态及其与树形特征和叶片生物量的关系

利用热消散探针(TDP)法对位于中国科学院华南植物园的木荷(Schima superba)人工纯林的15株样树进行了树干液流监测,并结合光合有效辐射(PAR)和土壤含水量的测定,探讨了不同季节的夜间水分补充量与树形特征和叶片生物量的关系。结果表明:1)夜间液流活动时间与PAR同步,但其结束时间不受PAR影响;春、夏季夜间液流明显比秋冬季活跃。2)春、夏、秋季的夜间水分补充量与样树的胸径、冠幅、边材面积、叶片生物量呈极显著线性关系,与树高仅在春季呈显著线性关系。3)春、夏季的夜间水分补充量主要受样树冠幅影响,成正相关;秋季主要受胸径影响,成正相关;冬季仅受树高影响。该试验说明木荷夜间水分补充与树形特征、叶片生物量关系密切,但起主要作用的树形特征和具体关系具有季节差别。