Responses of plant diversity and soil microorganism diversity to nitrogen addition in the desert steppe,China

Nitrogen(N)deposition is a significant aspect of global change and poses a threat to terrestrial biodiversity.The impact of plant-soil microbe relationships to N deposition has recently attracted considerable attention.Soil microorganisms have been proven to provide nutrients for specific plant growth,especially in nutrient-poor desert steppe ecosystems.However,the effects of N deposition on plant-soil microbial community interactions in such ecosystems remain poorly understood.To investigate these effects,we conducted a 6-year N-addition field experiment in a Stipa breviflora Griseb.desert steppe in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Four N treatment levels(N0,N30,N50,and N100,corresponding to 0,30,50,and 100 kg N/(hm2•a),respectively)were applied to simulate atmospheric N deposition.The results showed that N deposition did not significantly affect the aboveground biomass of desert steppe plants.N deposition did not significantly reduce the alfa-diversity of plant and microbial communities in the desert steppe,and low and mediate N additions(N30 and N50)had a promoting effect on them.The variation pattern of plant Shannon index was consistent with that of the soil bacterial Chao1 index.N deposition significantly affected the beta-diversity of plants and soil bacteria,but did not significantly affect fungal communities.In conclusion,N deposition led to co-evolution between desert steppe plants and soil bacterial communities,while fungal communities exhibited strong stability and did not undergo significant changes.These findings help clarify atmospheric N deposition effects on the ecological health and function of the desert steppe.

Removal of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Organic Pollutants From Water Using Seeding Type Immobilized Microorganisms

Objective To study the possibility of removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants using seeding type immobilized microorganisms. Methods Lakes P and M in Wuhan were chosen as the objects to study the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants with the seeding type immobilized microorganisms. Correlations between the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria and the total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, and total organic carbon （TOC） in the two lakes were studied. The dominant bacteria were detected, inoculated to the sludge and acclimated by increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and decreasing carbon source in an intermittent, time-controlled and fixed-quantity way. The bacteria were then used to prepare the seeding type immobilized microorganisms, selecting diatomite as the adsorbent cartier. The ability and influence factors of removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutant from water samples by the seeding type immobilized microorganisms were studied. Results The coefficients of the heterotrophic bacterial quantity correlated with TOC, TP, and TN were 0.9143, 0.8229, 0.7954 in Lake P and 0.9168, 0.7187, 0.6022 in Lake M. Ten strains of dominant heterotrophic bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Coccus, Aeromonas, Bacillus, and Enterobateriaceae, separately, were isolated. The appropriate conditions for the seeding type immobilized microorgansims in purifying the water sample were exposure time=24 h, pH=7.0-8.0, and quantity of the immobilized microorganisms=0.75-1g/50 mL. The removal rates of TOC, TP, and TN under the above conditions were 80.2%, 81.6%, and 86.8%, respectively. Conclusion The amount of heterotrophic bacteria in the two lakes was correlated with TOC, TP, and TN. These bacteria could be acclimatized and prepared for the immobilized microorganisms which could effectively remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and mixed organic pollutants in the water sample.

Soil bacterial and fungal communities resilience to long-term nitrogen addition in subtropical forests in China

Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition is predicted to increase,especially in the subtropics.However,the responses of soil microorganisms to long-term N addition at the molecular level in N-rich subtropical forests have not been clarified.A long-term nutrient addition experiment was conducted in a subtropical evergreen old-growth forest in China.The four treatments were:control,low N(50 kg N ha^(-1)a^(-1)),high N(100 kg N ha^(-1)a^(-1)),and combined N and phosphorus(P)(100 kg N ha^(-1)a^(-1)+50 kg P ha^(-1)a^(-1)).Metagenomic sequencing characterized diversity and composition of soil microbial communities and used to construct bacterial/fungal co-occurrence networks.Nutrient-treated soils were more acidic and had higher levels of dissolved organic carbon than controls.There were no significant differences in microbial diversity and community composition across treatments.The addition of nutrients increased the abundance of copiotrophic bacteria and potentially beneficial microorganisms(e.g.,Gemmatimonadetes,Chaetomium,and Aureobasidium).Low N addition increased microbiome network connectivity.Three rare fungi were identified as module hubs under nutrient addition,indicating that low abundance fungi were more sensitive to increased nutrients.The results indicate that the overall composition of microbial communities was stable but not static to long-term N addition.Our findings provide new insights that can aid predictions of the response of soil microbial communities to long-term N addition.

The Effect of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microorganisms in the Woodland-Grassland Border of Tibet

Nitrogen deposition was simulated from July 2014 to August 2015 in the grassland, woodland, and woodland-grassland border in Zhuqudeng Village, Bujiu Township, Linzhi County,(CK, 0 kg·hm^2·a^(-1); LN, 25 kg·hm^2·a^(-1), MN, 50 kg·hm^2·a^(-1); HN, 150 kg·hm^2·a^(-1)). NH_4NO_3 was used as nitrogen source to analyze the number of microorganisms in soil layers of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm and explore the effect of different degrees of nitrogen deposition on soil microorganisms in grassland, woodland, and woodlandgrassland border. The results showed that: the number of bacteria in the grassland increased significantly under the treatment of LN, and the number of bacteria in the woodland-grassland border and woodland had a rising response under the influence of nitrogen deposition; the number of actinomycetes in the grassland increased in MN and HN treatment, and significantly increased in the border and woodland under LN treatment; the number of molds decreased sharply in the grassland, woodland, and woodland-grassland border.

Research on Nitrogen Removal and Microorganism in a Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland System in Sihong County

Experiments in monitoring the removal of organic material and nitrogen and determining the amounts of mi- croorganism at different sites in the subsurface flow constructed wetland in Sihong county were performed. The results show that the removal of CODCr agrees with the kinetic equation of a first order reaction. The removal of pollutants varies with different seasons. The removal rates of CODCr, NH3-N, TN in the spring are 15%–23% higher than those in the autumn. The amount of ammonifier is larger than that of denitrifying bacteria and the amount of denitrifying bacte- ria is larger than that of nitrosomonas. The amount of bacteria around the plant roots is larger than that on the surface of the packing medium. No apparent change is observed for the amount of denitrifying bacteria and nitrosomonas between spring and autumn.

Restoration Study of Microorganisms in Lake Water Purification

We screened the bacteria with restoration and purification functions in lake water and found that,Bacillus subtilishad the highest water purification ability. Photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and oligotrophic bacteria also showed different levels of lake water purification and restoration. L1873orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the ratio of complex agents to get the best ratio of various bacteria as 10g/LBacillus subtilis, 2g/L photosynthetic bacteria, 0.8g/L lactobacillus, 0.6g/L nitrifying bacteria 1, 0.4g/L nitrifying bacteria 2 and 0.6g/L oli-gotrophic bacteria. When lake water was purified for 30 d under this ratio, total phosphorus content decreased 85.90%, total nitrogen content decreased 70.96%, and COD value decreased 81.19%.

Response of soil respiration to short-term changes in precipitation and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe

Changes in precipitation and nitrogen(N)addition may significantly affect the processes of soil carbon(C)cycle in terrestrial ecosystems,such as soil respiration.However,relatively few studies have investigated the effects of changes in precipitation and N addition on soil respiration in the upper soil layer in desert steppes.In this study,we conducted a control experiment that involved a field simulation from July 2020 to December 2021 in a desert steppe in Yanchi County,China.Specifically,we measured soil parameters including soil temperature,soil moisture,total nitrogen(TN),soil organic carbon(SOC),soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN),and contents of soil microorganisms including bacteria,fungi,actinomyces,and protozoa,and determined the components of soil respiration including soil respiration with litter(RS+L),soil respiration without litter(RS),and litter respiration(RL)under short-term changes in precipitation(control,increased precipitation by 30%,and decreased precipitation by 30%)and N addition(0.0 and 10.0 g/(m^(2)·a))treatments.Our results indicated that short-term changes in precipitation and N addition had substantial positive effects on the contents of TN,SOC,and SMBC,as well as the contents of soil actinomyces and protozoa.In addition,N addition significantly enhanced the rates of RS+L and RS by 4.8%and 8.0%(P<0.05),respectively.The increase in precipitation markedly increased the rates of RS+L and RS by 2.3%(P<0.05)and 5.7%(P<0.001),respectively.The decrease in precipitation significantly increased the rates of RS+L and RS by 12.9%(P<0.05)and 23.4%(P<0.001),respectively.In contrast,short-term changes in precipitation and N addition had no significant effects on RL rate(P>0.05).The mean RL/RS+L value observed under all treatments was 27.63%,which suggested that RL is an important component of soil respiration in the desert steppe ecosystems.The results also showed that short-term changes in precipitation and N addition had significant interactive effects on the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL(P<0.001).In addition,soil temperature was the most important abiotic factor that affected the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL.Results of the correlation analysis demonstrated that the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL were closely related to soil temperature,soil moisture,TN,SOC,and the contents of soil microorganisms,and the structural equation model revealed that SOC and SMBC are the key factors influencing the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL.This study provides further insights into the characteristics of soil C emissions in desert steppe ecosystems in the context of climate change,which can be used as a reference for future related studies.

海水养殖尾水人工湿地处理系统及其脱氮过程研究进展和展望

利用人工湿地处理海水养殖尾水具有很大的应用前景,其中,脱氮是人工湿地的主要任务之一。基质上栽培的植物和附着的微生物参与的氮循环是人工湿地生物脱氮的主要路径,植物和多种氮代谢菌群在人工湿地内部相互协同与制约,构成了一个复杂的氮代谢网络。海水养殖尾水的高盐度和低碳氮比(C/N)又决定了此类人工湿地独特的处理环境和生物脱氮机制。同时,人工湿地的供氧模式、水力负荷(HRT)、水力停留时间(HLR)等水力条件参数对脱氮效能也有很大影响,对这些指标进行调控和优化,可以提高湿地的整体脱氮性能。本文从海水人工湿地的构建、基质的选取、耐盐植物的筛选、氮循环相关微生物以及运行参数调控四个方面,对近年来海水养殖尾水人工湿地生物脱氮方面的研究进展进行了综述和展望,以期为深入理解海水人工湿地脱氮机制和优化运行方式提供参考。

酸性矿山废水对成熟期水稻根区理化因子及固氮微生物的影响

【目的】酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是一类低pH、高硫酸盐浓度和重金属富集的废水。探究成熟期水稻根区土壤固氮菌群落的丰度和组成及其对AMD的响应,并阐明土壤固氮菌群落结构变化的主要驱动因素。【方法】对取自安徽省铜陵市矿区受AMD污染和未受污染的稻田土壤进行水稻盆栽试验,设置3组不同处理(A:AMD浇溉污染土、B:清洁水浇灌污染土、CK:清洁水浇灌未污染土),采用nifH基因高通量测序技术分析不同处理下的成熟期水稻根区土壤固氮菌群落特征。【结果】AMD污灌使得水稻根区土壤中SO42-、NO3-、重金属的含量显著上升,土壤酸化且固氮菌群落的多样性下降。水稻根区土壤的优势固氮菌包括Anaeromyxobacter、Geobacter等,CK处理中富集的固氮菌群数量显著高于A、B处理,且B处理中主要富集疣微菌门,CK处理中主要富集变形菌门。pH和重金属Cu、Pb、Zn是驱动水稻根区土壤固氮菌群落结构的主要因素。具有硫还原功能的Desulfovibrio和Desulfurivibrio对氮的变化贡献明显。【结论】AMD对水稻根区土壤化学性质和固氮菌产生显著影响,恢复清洁水灌溉可促进固氮菌的恢复。

UV-B增强后秸秆还田分解对土壤氮转化微生物及酶活性的影响

为明确UV-B辐射增强对水稻秸秆化学成分的影响,阐释UV-B辐射增强后秸秆还田分解特征及其对稻田土壤氮素转化的间接效应,本研究在元阳梯田(海拔1600 m)开展大田试验,以当地水稻品种白脚老粳为研究对象,研究UV-B辐射增强(5.00kJ·m^(-2))对水稻秸秆化学成分及其还田后秸秆降解、土壤氮素转化的影响。结果表明:UV-B辐射增强显著降低水稻秸秆纤维素含量,增加木质素含量,提高秸秆木质素/氮;并导致秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮的降解速率总体降低,最大降幅分别达38.7%、18.1%、25.8%。与自然光照秸秆相比,UV-B辐射后的秸秆还田显著降低土壤固氮细菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量,增加土壤蛋白酶、氨单加氧酶、硝酸还原酶活性,提高土壤硝化和反硝化速率。相关性分析表明,秸秆木质素/氮与秸秆降解速率呈极显著负相关;秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮降解速率与硝酸还原酶活性呈显著正相关,后者又与N_(2)O排放通量呈显著正相关;硝化细菌数量与NO_(3)^(-)-N含量呈负相关。研究表明,UV-B辐射增强通过提高秸秆木质素/氮,抑制秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮降解,减少土壤氨化细菌数量,增加氨单加氧酶和硝酸还原酶活性,从而促进土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N向NO_(3)^(-)-N转化,导致N2O排放通量增加。

三种湿地植物在高负荷养猪废水脱氮过程中的根际效应

为了探究不同湿地植物在处理高负荷养猪废水时的根际效应,本研究通过野外小区控制试验,以3种常见的挺水植物美人蕉(Canna indica)、梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)、黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)为研究对象构建表流人工湿地,研究人工湿地植物根系分泌物与根际氮循环微生物之间的关系。结果显示,梭鱼草对养猪废水的处理效果最好,氨氮、硝氮和总氮的去除率分别为78.3%、93.4%和81.2%。与试验前相比,梭鱼草和黄菖蒲根系可溶性有机碳(DOC)分泌速率在试验后分别增加了44.9%和13.5%;根系总有机酸(TOA)分泌速率分别增加了125.1%和147.5%。在处理养猪废水后,3种植物根际硝化过程氨氧化细菌(AOB)占主导地位,AOB-amoA基因丰度在黄菖蒲根际土中最高,为2.6×10^(8) copies·g^(-1);反硝化过程nirK基因占主导地位,nirK基因丰度在梭鱼草根际土中最高,为4.3×10^(8) copies·g^(-1)。同时,3种植物根际均存在较明显的厌氧氨氧化过程,hzsB基因丰度在梭鱼草根际土中最高,为2.6×10^(7) copies·g^(-1)。研究表明,根系分泌DOC和TOA可促进根际氮循环微生物的生长繁殖,进而提高人工湿地系统的脱氮能力。3种植物中梭鱼草生物量较大,根系分泌能力较强,在养猪废水的生态修复方面具有更高的应用潜力。

不同植物类型的湿地系统氮磷去除效果及微生物多样性分析

为了解植物类型对组合人工湿地净化效果的影响及其与微生物群落的关系,对3种植物类型组合人工湿地的氮磷去除效果及微生物群落结构进行试验研究。结果表明,从污染物整体去除效果来看,选用菖蒲组合湿地作为最佳处理组合,该组合湿地对COD_(cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TP的去除率分别为65.01%~77.45%、72.63%~80.21%、72.63%~80.21%、68.63%~79.14%。高通量测序分析表明,菖蒲组合人工湿地相对于芦苇和香蒲湿地显示出更高的微生物丰富度和多样性;马赛菌属、假单胞菌属、硝化螺菌属是人工湿地中主要的脱氮除磷菌属,也是人工湿地高效生物脱氮除磷的原因之一。对不同植物类型的根际土壤微生物群落结构多样性进行分析,为人工湿地植物的选择提供一定的参考依据。

土壤微塑料来源及其对土壤氮循环影响的研究进展

微塑料(<5 mm)是一种新兴污染物,由于其具有迁移、转化、吸附和降解等特性,对生态环境和人类健康构成严重危害和潜在风险。氮循环在生物地球化学循环中起决定性作用,其关键过程主要由微生物驱动,而微塑料进入环境后通过影响微生物的种群、丰度和类型进而影响氮循环。为保护土壤生态环境,降低塑料对农业生产的危害提供参考,综述土壤微塑料来源和微塑料对土壤酶活性、微生物、氮循环及其相关基因的影响等方面的研究进展,并从扩大微塑料类型、粒径和开展浓度及土壤-微生物-植物多因素耦合长期野外试验等方面展望其研究方向。

退耕对民勤绿洲土壤碳氮循环关键微生物及功能基因的影响

采用时空互代法,以巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘民勤绿洲不同退耕年限样地土壤为研究对象,利用微生物宏基因组测序技术,以KEGG数据库碳固定、氮代谢途径为工具,研究长期退耕对参与区域土壤碳固定和氮代谢途径的主要微生物群落组成及其功能基因变化的影响。试验共设置9个退耕年限梯度样地:未退耕耕地、退耕1年样地、退耕2年样地、退耕4年样地、退耕8年样地、退耕13年样地、退耕20年样地、退耕30年样地和退耕40年样地。结果表明:退耕明显改变了碳固定、氮代谢土壤微生物和功能基因丰度,细菌在碳固定和氮代谢两个过程中均起到主导作用;还原三羧酸循环途径、还原乙酰辅酶A途径以及3-羟基丙酸/4-羟基丁酸循环途径等为研究区土壤微生物主要碳固定途径,厌氧氨氧化途径、硝酸盐异化还原途径、硝酸盐同化还原途径、反硝化途径以及硝化途径等为研究区土壤微生物主要氮代谢途径;芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Chloroflexi)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等是区域土壤微生物碳固定主要菌属,氮代谢则以腈基降解菌属(Nitriliruptor)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Chloroflexi)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等为主;Gemmatirosa、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Conexibacter)、未分类念珠菌门(unclassified_Candidatus Rokubacteria)、Gaiella和Geminicoccus等5个属分类土壤微生物可作为研究区退耕地碳固定途径标记性微生物种群,coxL.cutL和ACO.acnA等是研究区退耕地土壤微生物碳固定途径主要响应功能基因;腈基降解菌属(Nitriliruptor)、未分类念珠菌门(unclassified_Candidatus Rokubacteria)、Geminicoccus、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Conexibacter)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)、未分类酸杆菌门(unclassified_Acidobacteria)和红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)等7个属分类土壤微生物可作为研究区退耕地氮代谢途径标记性微生物种群,GDH2和E1.4.7.1是研究区退耕地土壤微生物氮代谢途径主要响应功能基因。该结果对于明确退耕影响下民勤绿洲土壤碳氮循环过程具有重要意义。

新型氮肥对玉米根际土壤固氮微生物群落的影响

为探究长期施用新型氮肥对玉米连作体系根际土壤固氮微生物(nifH基因)群落的影响,采集长期定位试验(2014年始)玉米吐丝期根际土壤样品,以不施氮肥(N0)为对照,分析同常规尿素(CU)相比,3种新型氮肥[控释尿素(SU)、稳定性肥料(SF)、硫包衣尿素(SCU)]的施用对土壤固氮微生物群落的影响差异。结果表明:不施氮肥处理的固氮微生物nifH基因丰度高于施氮肥处理,不同氮肥处理中,稳定性肥料处理的固氮微生物nifH基因丰度(3.4×10^(6)copies·g^(-1))显著低于其他处理,pH(相对影响值为44.51%)和有机质(相对影响值为35.01%)是影响固氮微生物nifH基因丰度的主要因素。与不施氮肥相比,氮肥施用降低了固氮微生物nifH基因的丰富度及多样性,与常规尿素处理相比,新型氮肥提高了nifH基因的丰富度指数但降低了多样性指数。固氮微生物nifH基因属水平主导物种为Desulfovibrio(相对丰度为14.11%~33.39%)、Stenotrophomonas(相对丰度为2.66%~17.72%)和Bradyrhizobium(相对丰度为2.68%~6.32%)。是否施氮对土壤固氮微生物群落结构的变化有显著影响(P=0.001),但施用不同新型氮肥处理与常规尿素相比对群落结构变化无显著影响(P=0.1)。研究表明,施用新型氮肥提高了固氮微生物nifH基因丰富度,改变了固氮微生物的群落结构。

青海冬虫夏草不同产区土壤理化性质对微生物多样性的影响

[目的]探究青海省冬虫夏草产区土壤理化因子和微生物之间的关系,以期为人工冬虫夏草培养基质的进一步完善提供参考。[方法]以海东市化隆回族自治县(HL)、黄南藏族自治州河南蒙古族自治县(HN)、海南藏族自治州兴海县(XH)、果洛藏族自治州达日县(DR)、果洛藏族自治州玛沁县(MQ)、玉树藏族自治州杂多县(ZD)和玉树藏族自治州果青牧场(GQ)7个具有代表性的青海省冬虫夏草主产区为试验样地。分别采用重铬酸钾-外加热法、凯氏定氮法、碱熔法、酸溶法、邻菲啰啉比色法、火焰原子吸收分光光度法、火焰光度法及高碘酸钾比色法对土壤相应理化性质进行测定;微生物含量及种类采用Illumina测序技术进行测定,研究产区土壤理化性质对微生物多样性的影响。[结果]大多数土壤理化因子在各产区差异不大。微生物在各产区组成相似,其中真菌优势群落的多样性和丰富度在不同产区间存在一定差异。细菌群落中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为细菌优势门,Subgroup_6、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和RB41等为细菌优势属;真菌群落中,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为真菌优势门,湿伞属(Hygrocybe)、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)等为真菌优势属。产区土壤理化性质与微生物群落冗余分析结果显示,细菌放线菌门(Actinobacteria)与土壤pH、铁(Fe)元素呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),RB41、Nitrospira和Subgroup_6与全钾(TK)、全磷(TP)、有机质(OM)、锰(Mn)和钠(Na)均呈显著负相关(P<0.05);真菌被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)与TP呈正相关,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)与TK、全氮(TN)、OM呈负相关,土壤pH与多数真菌优势属均呈正相关。[结论]进一步证实土壤理化因子和微生物之间存在明显的相关性。其中,土壤pH、OM、Na和Fe与冬虫夏草产区的多数微生物群落存在显著相关性(P<0.05),可能是影响微生物群落结构的关键驱动因子。

火山岩载体对菖蒲脱氮作用的研究

当前水生植物-微生物联合修复技术中,针对微生物载体作用的研究尚少见报道。因此,以供试挺水植物菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)为研究对象,不同火山岩(黑色、灰色、红色)为微生物载体,考察菖蒲在火山岩载体下对水体总氮(TN)的去除效果,以及对菖蒲生物量、根系氮代谢酶活性和根际微生物多样性变化的影响。结果表明:种植菖蒲前,黑色火山岩载体人工湿地的TN去除率最高(40.8%);而种植菖蒲后,灰色火山岩人工湿地脱氮效果最佳,TN去除率可达70.2%,相较种植菖蒲前其TN、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮去除率分别提高了32.2、46.9、66.6百分点,根际微生物数量增加,出水单元菖蒲生长最旺盛,优势菌属为红环菌科未知属(unclassified_f_Rhodocyclaceae)。由此可见,含高SiO_(2)和低Fe_(2)O_(3)的灰色火山岩载体可增强菖蒲对污染水体的脱氮能力,为水体脱氮提供理论和技术支撑。

海水养殖尾水中NH_(4)^(+)-N去除技术的机理与工艺研究进展

总结了海水养殖尾水中NH_(4)^(+)-N的来源及特点,NH_(4)^(+)-N去除技术的机理与功能微生物、工艺应用及其微生物分布等,重点对海水养殖尾水中NH_(4)^(+)-N去除技术的机理与工艺应用进行了阐述。好氧氨氧化微生物主要包括氨氧化细菌(AOB)、氨氧化古菌(AOA)及全程硝化菌(comammox),厌氧氨氧化微生物主要包括厌氧氨氧化细菌(AnAOB)。基于好氧氨氧化微生物原理去除NH_(4)^(+)-N的主要工艺技术包括移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)、曝气生物滤池(BAF)、人工湿地和生态塘等;基于厌氧氨氧化菌处理海水养殖尾水的主要工艺技术有厌氧流化床、厌氧固定床等。指出工艺应用与微生物种群结构之间关系的研究不足。富集氨氧化微生物从而实现经济高效脱氮是未来工艺研究的重点方向。

中国沙棘根际固氮菌的分离、鉴定及促生能力比较

【目的】对青海野生中国沙棘根际固氮菌进行分离、鉴定及促生能力比较,为挖掘具有潜在应用价值的根际促生菌提供依据。【方法】利用纯化培养方法从中国沙棘根际土中分离固氮菌;通过形态观察、生理生化检测和16S rDNA序列比对鉴定菌株;对固氮菌的解有机磷、解无机磷、解钾、固氮、种子萌发的能力进行测定;将固氮菌接种空心菜幼苗以验证其促生效果。【结果】鉴定出1株哈夫尼菌(N5)、1株不动杆菌(N6)、4株沙雷氏菌(N1、N2、N3、N4)。培养7 d后,6株固氮菌固氮透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值(D/d)为1.23~1.83,N3的D/d最大,较N5提高48.8%;培养3 d后,6株固氮菌溶解有机磷圈直径为6.43~9.65 mm,溶解无机磷圈直径为3.13~5.50 mm,解钾圈直径为8.18~22.17 mm。平板促生试验结果表明,固氮菌可提高空心菜种子萌芽率,并且可显著促进空心菜生长发育。其中,菌株N3和N6促生效果显著,其鲜质量分别为0.24 g和0.26 g,较对照组(CK)增加了33.3%和44.4%。【结论】固氮菌N3和N6分别为沙雷氏菌和不动杆菌,具有较强的解磷、解钾、固氮能力,且均能提高空心菜种子发芽率,促进空心菜幼苗生长发育。