Nitrogen oxides(NO_2 and NO)are absorbed by tributyl phosphorate(TBP)to fom a new complex mixture of TBP-NO_x. which is used as a selective oddizing agent to oxidize benzylalcohols to corresponding sldehydes or ketone...Nitrogen oxides(NO_2 and NO)are absorbed by tributyl phosphorate(TBP)to fom a new complex mixture of TBP-NO_x. which is used as a selective oddizing agent to oxidize benzylalcohols to corresponding sldehydes or ketones In high yield. In the reaction process, nitrogen oxides are llberated mildly and mainly reduced to nitrogen, while tributyl phosphorate is recovered end recycled.展开更多
Benzylsulfonamide was used as a source of nitrogen in the syn- thesis of azacrown ethers,and the cyclic intermediates were easily deben- zylsulfonylated by treating with CaF_2/H_2SO_4 to afford the azacrown ethers.
Allo-antibodies, particularly when donor specific, are one of the most important factors that cause both early and late graft dysfunction. The authors review the current state of the art concerning this important issu...Allo-antibodies, particularly when donor specific, are one of the most important factors that cause both early and late graft dysfunction. The authors review the current state of the art concerning this important issue in renal transplantation. Many antibodies have been recognized as mediators of renal injury. In particular donorspecific-Human Leukocyte Antigens antibodies appear to play a major role. New techniques, such as solid phase techniques and Luminex, have revealed these antibodies from patient sera. Other new techniques have uncovered alloantibodies and signs of complement activation in renal biopsy specimens. It has been acknowledged that the old concept of chronic renal injury caused by calcineurine inhibitors toxicity should be replaced in many cases by alloantibodies acting against the graft. In addition, the number of patients on waiting lists with preformed anti-human leukocyte antigens(HLA) antibodies is increasing, primarily from patients with a history of renal transplant failure already been sensitized. We should distinguish early and late acute antibody-mediated rejection from chronic antibody-mediated rejection. The latter often manifets late during the course of the posttransplant period and may be difficult to recognize if specific techniques are not applied. Different therapeutic strategies are used to control antibody-induced damage.These strategies may be applied prior to transplantation or, in the case of acute antibody-mediated rejection, after transplantation. Many new drugs are appearing at the horizon; however, these drugs are far from the clinic because they are in phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ of clinical trials. Thus the pipeline for the near future appears almost empty.展开更多
Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Neg...Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Negative binomial regression is used to model the association between daily asthma hospital admissions and ambient air pollution concentrations. Potential confounding factors such as heat index, day of week, holidays, yearly population changes, and seasonal and long-term trends are controlled for in the models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) show the most consistent statistically significant associations with daily hospitalizations for asthma during the entire period (1996-2000). The associations are stronger for children (0 - 17 years) than for adults (18 - 64 years). Relative risks (RR) for the inter-quartile range (IQR) of same day 24-hour average pollutant concentration and asthma hospitalizations for children for the four county hospitalization totals were: NO2 (IQR = 0.011 ppm, RR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.034), SO2 (IQR = 0.008 ppm, RR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.004, 1.042), CO (IQR = 0.232 ppm, RR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.025). In the case of ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) statistically significant associations were found for daily one-hour maxima values and children’s asthma hospitalization in models that used lagged values for air pollution concentrations. Five-day weighted average lag models resulted in these estimates: O3 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 0.025 ppm, RR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.098), PM2.5 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 16.679 μg/m3, RR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.008, 1.103). In addition, seasonal variations were also explored for PM2.5 and statistically significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma were found during the colder months (November-March) of the year. Important differences in pollution effects were found across pollutants, counties, and age groups. The results for PM2.5 suggest that the composition of PM is important to this health outcome, since the major sources of NYC PM differ between winter and summer months.展开更多
通过运用锰砂、黄铁矿及PHBV等功能性填料,构建以特定方式分层填充的生物滤柱(BF-MP)和对照组滤柱(BF-MN、BF-PP、BF-CK),为实现硝化-反硝化处理微污染水提供新方式。探究不同条件下氮转化效果,分析不同形态的氮及磷沿程变化,探索氮磷...通过运用锰砂、黄铁矿及PHBV等功能性填料,构建以特定方式分层填充的生物滤柱(BF-MP)和对照组滤柱(BF-MN、BF-PP、BF-CK),为实现硝化-反硝化处理微污染水提供新方式。探究不同条件下氮转化效果,分析不同形态的氮及磷沿程变化,探索氮磷去除途径。结果表明,脱氮效果受水力停留时间(HRT)、温度(T)影响,延长HRT或提高温度出水总氮降低,BF-MP硝氮去除率可达100%。沿程变化表明,NO_(3)^(-)-N主要在黄铁矿和PHBV混合填充区通过反硝化过程去除。BF-MP在HRT=12 h T=20~25℃时,脱氮除磷性能均较好,总氮去除率达到79.87%,磷酸根去除率达到75.19%,且长期运行出水稳定,具有良好的应用前景,为生物滤池及人工湿地的设计运行提供新思路。展开更多
In this study,a hybrid model,the convolutional neural network-support vector regression model,was adopted to achieve prediction of the NO_(2)profile in Nanjing from January 2019to March 2021.Given the sudden decline i...In this study,a hybrid model,the convolutional neural network-support vector regression model,was adopted to achieve prediction of the NO_(2)profile in Nanjing from January 2019to March 2021.Given the sudden decline in NO_(2)in February 2020,the contribution of the Coronavirus Disease-19(COVID-19)lockdown,Chinese New Year(CNY),and meteorologi cal conditions to the reduction of NO_(2)was evaluated.NO_(2)vertical column densities(VCDs) from January to March 2020 decreased by 59.05%and 32.81%,relative to the same period in 2019 and 2021,respectively.During the period of 2020 COVID-19,the average NO_(2)VCDs were 50.50%and 29.96%lower than those during the pre-lockdown and post-lockdown pe riods,respectively.The NO_(2)volume mixing ratios(VMRs)during the 2020 COVID-19 lock down significantly decreased below 400 m.The NO_(2)VMRs under the different wind fields were significantly lower during the lockdown period than during the pre-lockdown period This phenomenon could be attributed to the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.The NO_(2)VMRs be fore and after the CNY were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 and 2021 in the same period,which further proves that the decrease in NO_(2)in February 2020 was attributed to the COVID-19 lockdown.Pollution source analysis of an NO_(2)pollution episode during the lockdown period showed that the polluted air mass in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was trans ported southwards under the action of the north wind,and the subsequent unfavorable meteorological conditions(local wind speed of<2.0 m/sec)resulted in the accumulation o pollutants.展开更多
文摘Nitrogen oxides(NO_2 and NO)are absorbed by tributyl phosphorate(TBP)to fom a new complex mixture of TBP-NO_x. which is used as a selective oddizing agent to oxidize benzylalcohols to corresponding sldehydes or ketones In high yield. In the reaction process, nitrogen oxides are llberated mildly and mainly reduced to nitrogen, while tributyl phosphorate is recovered end recycled.
文摘Benzylsulfonamide was used as a source of nitrogen in the syn- thesis of azacrown ethers,and the cyclic intermediates were easily deben- zylsulfonylated by treating with CaF_2/H_2SO_4 to afford the azacrown ethers.
文摘Allo-antibodies, particularly when donor specific, are one of the most important factors that cause both early and late graft dysfunction. The authors review the current state of the art concerning this important issue in renal transplantation. Many antibodies have been recognized as mediators of renal injury. In particular donorspecific-Human Leukocyte Antigens antibodies appear to play a major role. New techniques, such as solid phase techniques and Luminex, have revealed these antibodies from patient sera. Other new techniques have uncovered alloantibodies and signs of complement activation in renal biopsy specimens. It has been acknowledged that the old concept of chronic renal injury caused by calcineurine inhibitors toxicity should be replaced in many cases by alloantibodies acting against the graft. In addition, the number of patients on waiting lists with preformed anti-human leukocyte antigens(HLA) antibodies is increasing, primarily from patients with a history of renal transplant failure already been sensitized. We should distinguish early and late acute antibody-mediated rejection from chronic antibody-mediated rejection. The latter often manifets late during the course of the posttransplant period and may be difficult to recognize if specific techniques are not applied. Different therapeutic strategies are used to control antibody-induced damage.These strategies may be applied prior to transplantation or, in the case of acute antibody-mediated rejection, after transplantation. Many new drugs are appearing at the horizon; however, these drugs are far from the clinic because they are in phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ of clinical trials. Thus the pipeline for the near future appears almost empty.
文摘Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Negative binomial regression is used to model the association between daily asthma hospital admissions and ambient air pollution concentrations. Potential confounding factors such as heat index, day of week, holidays, yearly population changes, and seasonal and long-term trends are controlled for in the models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) show the most consistent statistically significant associations with daily hospitalizations for asthma during the entire period (1996-2000). The associations are stronger for children (0 - 17 years) than for adults (18 - 64 years). Relative risks (RR) for the inter-quartile range (IQR) of same day 24-hour average pollutant concentration and asthma hospitalizations for children for the four county hospitalization totals were: NO2 (IQR = 0.011 ppm, RR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.034), SO2 (IQR = 0.008 ppm, RR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.004, 1.042), CO (IQR = 0.232 ppm, RR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.025). In the case of ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) statistically significant associations were found for daily one-hour maxima values and children’s asthma hospitalization in models that used lagged values for air pollution concentrations. Five-day weighted average lag models resulted in these estimates: O3 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 0.025 ppm, RR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.098), PM2.5 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 16.679 μg/m3, RR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.008, 1.103). In addition, seasonal variations were also explored for PM2.5 and statistically significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma were found during the colder months (November-March) of the year. Important differences in pollution effects were found across pollutants, counties, and age groups. The results for PM2.5 suggest that the composition of PM is important to this health outcome, since the major sources of NYC PM differ between winter and summer months.
文摘通过运用锰砂、黄铁矿及PHBV等功能性填料,构建以特定方式分层填充的生物滤柱(BF-MP)和对照组滤柱(BF-MN、BF-PP、BF-CK),为实现硝化-反硝化处理微污染水提供新方式。探究不同条件下氮转化效果,分析不同形态的氮及磷沿程变化,探索氮磷去除途径。结果表明,脱氮效果受水力停留时间(HRT)、温度(T)影响,延长HRT或提高温度出水总氮降低,BF-MP硝氮去除率可达100%。沿程变化表明,NO_(3)^(-)-N主要在黄铁矿和PHBV混合填充区通过反硝化过程去除。BF-MP在HRT=12 h T=20~25℃时,脱氮除磷性能均较好,总氮去除率达到79.87%,磷酸根去除率达到75.19%,且长期运行出水稳定,具有良好的应用前景,为生物滤池及人工湿地的设计运行提供新思路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2044,42105132,42030609,41975037)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3700303)。
文摘In this study,a hybrid model,the convolutional neural network-support vector regression model,was adopted to achieve prediction of the NO_(2)profile in Nanjing from January 2019to March 2021.Given the sudden decline in NO_(2)in February 2020,the contribution of the Coronavirus Disease-19(COVID-19)lockdown,Chinese New Year(CNY),and meteorologi cal conditions to the reduction of NO_(2)was evaluated.NO_(2)vertical column densities(VCDs) from January to March 2020 decreased by 59.05%and 32.81%,relative to the same period in 2019 and 2021,respectively.During the period of 2020 COVID-19,the average NO_(2)VCDs were 50.50%and 29.96%lower than those during the pre-lockdown and post-lockdown pe riods,respectively.The NO_(2)volume mixing ratios(VMRs)during the 2020 COVID-19 lock down significantly decreased below 400 m.The NO_(2)VMRs under the different wind fields were significantly lower during the lockdown period than during the pre-lockdown period This phenomenon could be attributed to the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.The NO_(2)VMRs be fore and after the CNY were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 and 2021 in the same period,which further proves that the decrease in NO_(2)in February 2020 was attributed to the COVID-19 lockdown.Pollution source analysis of an NO_(2)pollution episode during the lockdown period showed that the polluted air mass in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was trans ported southwards under the action of the north wind,and the subsequent unfavorable meteorological conditions(local wind speed of<2.0 m/sec)resulted in the accumulation o pollutants.
