Design of compact integrated diamond nitrogen-vacancy center quantum probe

An integrated quantum probe for magnetic field imaging is proposed,where the nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center fixed at the fiber tip is located on the periphery of flexible ring resonator.Using flexible polyimide(PI)as the substrate medium,we design a circular microstrip antenna,which can achieve a bandwidth of 140 MHz at Zeeman splitting frequency of 2.87 GHz,specifically suitable for NV center experiments.Subsequently,this antenna is seamlessly fixed at a three-dimensional-printed cylindrical support,allowing the optical fiber tip to extend out of a dedicated aperture.To mitigate errors originating from processing,precise tuning within a narrow range can be achieved by adjusting the conformal amplitude.Finally,we image the microwave magnetic field around the integrated probe with high resolution,and determine the suitable area for placing the fiber tip(SAP).

Current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy color center

High precision current measurement is very important for the calibration of various high-precision equipment and the measurement of other precision detection fields.A new current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center magnetic measurement method is proposed to realize the accurate measurement of current.This new current method can greatly improve the accuracy of current measurement.Experiments show that the linearity of the current sensor based on diamond NV color center can reach up to 33 ppm,which is superior to other current sensors and solves the problem of low linearity.When the range of input current is 5-40 A,the absolute error of the calculated current is less than 51μA,and the relative error is 2.42×10^(-6) at 40 A.Combined with the research content and results of the experiment,the application of the current sensor in the field of current precision measurement is prospected.

Magnetic Sensing inside a Diamond Anvil Cell via Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins

The diamond anvil cell-based high-pressure technique is a unique tool for creating new states of matter and for understanding the physics underlying some exotic phenomena.In situ sensing of spin and charge properties under high pressure is crucially important but remains technically challenging.While the nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond is a promising quantum sensor under extreme conditions,its spin dynamics and the quantum control of its spin states under high pressure remain elusive.In this study,we demonstrate coherent control,spin relaxation,and spin dephasing measurements for ensemble NV centers up to 32.8 GPa.With this in situ quantum sensor,we investigate the pressure-induced magnetic phase transition of a micron-size permanent magnet Nd2Fe14B sample in a diamond anvil cell,with a spatial resolution of ~2μm,and sensitivity of ~20 μT/Hz1/2. This scheme could be generalized to measure other parameters such as temperature,pressure and their gradients under extreme conditions.This will be beneficial for frontier research of condensed matter physics and geophysics.

Non-destructive Testing Method for Crack Based on Diamond Nitrogen-vacancy Color Center

Magnetic field measurement plays an extremely important role in material science,electronic en-gineering,power system and even industrial fields.In particular,magnetic field measurement provides a safe and reliable tool for industrial non-destructive testing.The sensitivity of magnetic field measurement deter-mines the highest level of detection.The diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center is a new type of quan-tum sensor developed in recent years.The external magnetic field will cause Zeeman splitting of the ground state energy level of the diamond NV color center.Optical detection magnetic resonance(ODMR),using a mi-crowave source and a lock-in amplifier to detect the resonant frequency of the NV color center,and finally the change of the resonant frequency can accurately calculate the size of the external magnetic field and the sensi-tivity of the external magnetic field change.In the experiment,a diamond containing a high concentration of NV color centers is coupled with an optical fiber to realize the preparation of a magnetic field scanning probe.Then,the surface cracks of the magnetized iron plate weld are scanned,and the scanning results are drawn into a two-dimensional magnetic force distribution map,according to the magnetic field gradient change of the magnetic force distribution map,the position and size of the crack can be judged very accurately,which pro-vides a very effective diagnostic tool for industrial safety.

Rapid Measurement and Control of Nitrogen-Vacancy Center-Axial Orientation in Diamond Particles

Determination and control of nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers play an important role in sensing the vector field by using their quantum information.To measure orientation of NV centers in a diamond particle attached to a tapered fiber rapidly,we propose a new method to establish the direction cosine matrix between the lab frame and the NV body frame.In this method,only four groups of the ODMR spectrum peaks shift data need to be collected,and the magnetic field along±Z and±Y in the lab frame is applied in the meantime.We can also control any NV axis to rotate to the X,Y,Z axes in the lab frame according to the elements of this matrix.The demonstration of the DC and microwave magnetic field vector sensing is presented.Finally,the proposed method can help us to perform vector magnetic field sensing more conveniently and rapidly.

A Bright Single-Photon Source from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Nanowires

Single-photon flux is one of the crucial properties of nitrogen vacancy （NV） centers in diamond for its application in quantum information techniques. Here we fabricate diamond conical nanowires to enhance the single-photon count rate. Through the interaction between tightly confined optical mode in nanowires and NV centers, the single-photon lifetime is much shortened and the collection efficiency is enhanced. As a result, the detected single-photon rate can be at 564 kcps, and the total detection coefficient can be 0.8%, which is much higher than that in bulk diamond. Such a nanowire single-photon device with high photon flux can be applied to improve the fidelity of quantum computation and the precision of quantum sensors.

Orientation determination of nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond using a static magnetic field

Nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in a bulk diamond are often employed to realize measurement of multiple physical quantities,which depends on orientation information of NV axis.We report a fast and effective method to determine the orientation of NV axis with the aid of a static magnetic field.By measuring the optically detected magnetic resonance spectra,we can precisely extract the polar angle information between the NV axis and the known magnetic field.Combining with the polar angle information of different kinds of NV centers,we employ the Nelder-Mead algorithm to get the optimal solution of the orientation of NV axis.This method is simple and efficient,and is easily applied in NV-based quantum sensing.

Erratum:Magnetic Sensing inside a Diamond Anvil Cell via Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins[Chin.Phys.Lett.36(2019)086201]

This work⑴was additionally supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No 2018YFA0305700.The financial acknowledgment section should be corrected as follows:Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB921103,the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant Nos 2016YFA0401503 and 2018YFA0305700,the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB28000000.

Shwachman-Diamond综合征7例患儿临床特点和基因变异分析

目的 探讨Shwachman-Diamond综合征(SDS)患儿的临床表型和基因变异特点。方法 选取2018年1月至2023年9月于儿内分泌遗传科长期随访的7例SDS患儿,收集其临床资料,采集外周血样进行外显子组测序(ES)分析,并通过Sanger测序对变异位点进行家系验证。结果 7例SDS患儿中男3例、女4例,初诊中位年龄为3.0(0.9~4.0)岁,6例为SBDS基因缺陷,1例为EFL1基因缺陷。6例SBDS缺陷的患儿中,5例携带复合杂合突变,2例为c.258+2T>C/c. 183_184 delinsCT,1例为c. 258+2 T>C/c. 40 A>G,1例为c. 258+2 T>C/c. 184 A>T,1例为c. 258+2 T>C/第3外显子杂合缺失;余1例携带c.258+2T>C纯合突变。SBDS缺陷患儿以矮小(6/6,100%)伴慢性腹泻(3/6,50%)和反复呼吸道感染(1/6,16.7%)就诊,经检查发现6例(100%)均存在中性粒细胞减少和肝酶升高,4例有骨骼发育异常表现,3例有胰腺外分泌功能不全表现。1例EFL 1缺陷患儿携带复合杂合突变(c. 2260 C>T/c. 316 G>A),表现为矮小和骨骼发育异常,但无胰腺和血液系统受累。结论 SBDS缺陷患儿具有异质性的临床表型,以上发现丰富了中国SDS的表型谱和变异谱,并首次在中国人群中报道了1例EFL1变异患儿的临床特征。对矮小合并中性粒细胞减少、胰腺外分泌功能障碍、骨骼畸形等症状的患儿,应完善基因检测以免漏诊SDS。

Revealing the atomic mechanism of diamond–iron interfacial reaction

Diamond,with ultrahigh hardness,high wear resistance,high thermal conductivity,and so forth,has attracted worldwide attention.However,researchers found emergent reactions at the interfaces between diamond and ferrous materials,which significantly affects the performance of diamond-based devices.Herein,combing experiments and theoretical calculations,taking diamond–iron(Fe)interface as a prototype,the counter-diffusion mechanism of Fe/carbon atoms has been established.Surprisingly,it is identified that Fe and diamond first form a coherent interface,and then Fe atoms diffuse into diamond and prefer the carbon vacancies sites.Meanwhile,the relaxed carbon atoms diffuse into the Fe lattice,forming Fe_(3)C.Moreover,graphite is observed at the Fe_(3)C surface when Fe_(3)C is over-saturated by carbon atoms.The present findings are expected to offer new insights into the atomic mechanism for diamondferrous material's interfacial reactions,benefiting diamond-based device applications.

Time-bin-encoding-based remote states generation of nitrogen-vacancy centers through noisy channels

We design proposals to generate a remote Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger（GHZ） state and a W state of nitrogenvacancy（NV） centers coupled to microtoroidal resonators（MTRs） through noisy channels by utilizing time-bin encoding processes and fast-optical-switch-based polarization rotation operations.The polarization and phase noise induced by noisy channels generally affect the time of state generation but not its success probability and fidelity.Besides,the above proposals can be generalized to n-qubit between two or among n remote nodes with success probability unity under ideal conditions.Furthennore,the proposals are robust for regular noise-changeable channels for the n-node case.This method is also useful in other remote quantum information processing tasks through noisy channels.

Electron Spin Decoherence of Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Coupled to Multiple Spin Baths

We present the experimental results of nitrogen-vacancy （NV） electron spin decoherence, which are linked to the coexistence of electron spin bath of nitrogen impurity （PI center） and 13C nuclear spin bath. In previous works, only one dominant decoherence source is studied： P1 electron spin bath for type-Ⅰb diamond; or 13C nuclear spin bath for type-Ⅱa diamond. In general, the thermal fluctuation from both spin baths can be eliminated by the Hahn echo sequence, resulting in a long coherence time （T2 ） of about 400#8. However, in a high-purity type-Ⅱa diamond where 1℃ nuclear spin bath is the dominant decoherence source, dramatic decreases of NV electron spin T2 time caused by P1 electron spin bath are observed under certain magnetic field. We further apply the engineered Hahn echo sequence to confirm the decoherenee mechanism of multiple spin baths and quantitatively estimate the contribution of P1 electron spin bath. Our results are helpful to understand the NV decoherence mechanisms, which will benefit quantum computing and quantum metrology.

Scalable Quantum Information Transfer between Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers by a Hybrid Quantum Interface

We develop a design of a hybrid quantum interface for quantum information transfer （QIT）, adopting a nanome- chanical resonator as the intermedium, which is magnetically coupled with individual nitrogen-vacancy centers as the solid qubits, while eapacitively coupled with a coplanar waveguide resonator as the quantum data bus. We describe the Hamiltonian of the model, and analytically demonstrate the QIT for both the resonant interaction and large detuning cases. The hybrid quantum interface allows for QIT between arbitrarily selected individual nitrogen-vacancy centers, and has advantages of the sealability and controllability. Our methods open an alter- native perspective for implementing QIT, which is important during quantum storing or processing procedures in quantum computing.

Shwachman-Diamond综合征1例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨Shwachman-Diamond综合征(SDS)的临床特征、诊断及治疗,以提高临床医生对该疾病的认识。方法:回顾性分析1例以中性粒细胞减少和转氨酶水平升高为主要临床表现,经基因检测明确诊断为SDS患儿的临床资料,并结合相关资料分析SDS的临床表现、基因特征、诊断和治疗方法。结果:患儿,男性,27月龄。以中性粒细胞减少和转氨酶水平升高为首发临床表现,患儿既往3月龄时出现腹泻,口服胰酶散治疗后腹泻好转,近半年反复呼吸道感染。入院查体显示牙釉质发育不良,影像学表现为四肢长骨骨质密度异常,基因测序结果提示患儿Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond综合征(SBDS)基因c.258+2T>C纯合变异。住院期间给予保肝和增加粒细胞等对症支持治疗,患儿病情好转后出院,随访1年,患儿病情稳定。结论:SDS患儿典型表现为腹泻,肝功能、血象和骨骼异常,尤其是中性粒细胞减少,也可能存在生长发育落后,心脏、肝脏、中枢神经系统、骨骼和免疫系统受累,对疑似患儿及时进行基因检测,有助于SDS患儿早期诊断及治疗。

Diamond软件在单形教学中的应用

介绍了用Diamond软件构造47种晶体单形模型的方法及其在教学中的应用。

核糖体蛋白L5在Diamond-Blackfan贫血伴发唇腭裂中作用机制的研究进展

核糖体蛋白L5(RPL5)是核糖体大亚基的一部分,携带RPL5基因突变的Diamond-Blackfan贫血患者会伴发多种畸形,包括唇腭裂等颅面畸形以及心脏缺陷等躯体畸形。但是在RPL5突变导致核糖体生物发生缺陷的情况下,唇腭裂发生的机制仍然知之甚少。本文综述了近年对于RPL5的研究,并讨论了突变的RPL5核糖体蛋白与唇腭裂发生的可能机制。

Energy beam-based direct and assisted polishing techniques for diamond:A review

Diamond is a highly valuable material with diverse industrial applications,particularly in the fields of semiconductor,optics,and high-power electronics.However,its high hardness and chemical stability make it difficult to realize high-efficiency and ultra-low damage machining of diamond.To address these challenges,several polishing methods have been developed for both single crystal diamond(SCD)and polycrystalline diamond(PCD),including mechanical,chemical,laser,and ion beam processing methods.In this review,the characteristics and application scope of various polishing technologies for SCD and PCD are highlighted.Specifically,various energy beam-based direct and assisted polishing technologies,such as laser polishing,ion beam polishing,plasma-assisted polishing,and laser-assisted polishing,are summarized.The current research progress,material removal mechanism,and infuencing factors of each polishing technology are analyzed.Although some of these methods can achieve high material removal rates or reduce surface roughness,no single method can meet all the requirements.Finally,the future development prospects and application directions of different polishing technologies are presented.

Growth of two-inch free-standing heteroepitaxial diamond on Ir/YSZ/Si(001)substrates via laser-patterned templates

As an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,diamond garners significant interest due to its exceptional physical properties^([1–3]).These superior characteristics make diamonds highly promising for applications in power electronics^([4]),deep-ultraviolet detectors^([5]),high-energy particle detectors^([6]),and quantum devices based on color centers^([7]).

Synthesis and nitrogen content regulation of diamond in a high-pressure hydrogen-rich environment

The regulating nitrogen content of diamond in a hydrogen-rich high-temperature and high-pressure(HPHT) growth environment was systematically investigated in this work by developing three growth systems,namely, "FeNi+Ti", "FeNi+G_(3)N_(6)H_(6)",and "FeNi+Ti+C_(3)N_(6)H_(6)".Optical microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy measurements were conducted to analyze the spectroscopic characteristics of diamonds grown in these three systems.From our analysis,it was demonstrated that the presence of hydrogen in the sp^(3) hybrid C-H does not directly affect the color of the diamond and facilitates the increase of the nitrogen-vacancy(NV) center concentration in a highnitrogen-content diamond.In addition,titanium plays an important role in nitrogen removal,while its impact on hydrogen doping within the diamond lattice is insignificant.Most importantly,by regulating the ratio of nitrogen impurities that coexist in the nitrogen and hydrogen HPHT environment,the production of hydrogenous Ⅱa-type diamond,hydrogenous Ib-type diamond,and hydrogenous high-nitrogen-type diamonds was achieved with a nitrogen content of less than 1 ppm to 1600 ppm.

High-resolution imaging of magnetic fields of banknote anti-counterfeiting strip using fiber diamond probe

Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.