Integrating transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of photoperiod-sensitive in near isogenic maize line under long-day conditions

As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In this study, a photoperiod-insensitive maize inbred line and its near isogenic photoperiod-sensitive line were used. By integrating RNAbased transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approaches, we generated a comprehensive inventory of the transcripts and proteins with altered abundances in response to a long photoperiod(LP) during growth stage transitions. We detected 22 000 transcripts in RNA-sequence runs and 5 259 proteins from an iTRAQ-based analysis. A weak correlation between mRNA-and protein-level changes was observed, suggesting the LP-induced transition between maize growth stages is largely regulated post-transcriptionally. Differentially expressed genes influenced by LP conditions were associated with several regulatory processes in both maize inbred lines, especially phosphate ion transport and the circadian rhythm. Additionally, 31 transcripts and six proteins related to photoperiodic flowering in maize were identified by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic data. This transcriptomic and proteomic analysis represents the first comprehensive and comparative study of gene/protein-level changes occurring in photoperiod-sensitive and-insensitive maize inbred lines during growth stage transitions under LP conditions.

Digital simulation studies on long transmission line protection based on balance of energy

The protection based balance of energy is a new technique specially proposed for long transmission lines. This technique depends upon the calculation of net energy into the transmission line by two independent methods and comparing them to indicate healthy and faulty conditions. In order to study the performance and feasibility of the protection based on balance of energy, the new protection has been extensively tested by using EMTP on a long transmission line with various configurations and operating conditions (including single pole line, double circuit lines and two phase operation). The results calculated by EMTP show that under any condition of a power system, the proposed technique has excellent performance,the viability even for high resistance ground faults and a short operation time.

NEW METHOD OF CALCULATING SHORT CIRCUIT LONG DISTANCE EHV AC TRANSMISSION LINES

In this paper a practical but sufficiently accurate method of calculating transient components in short circuit currents and voltages is proposed. It enables to find the roots of the characteristic equation of high order without forming and solving it. This method is convenient to use especially in case of complicated expansionary power systems.

Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Long Transmission Line by Bond Graph

This paper addresses the issue of modeling of the hydraulic long transmission line. In its base, such model is nonlinear with distributed parameters. Since general solution in closed-form for such model in time-domain is not available, certain simplifications have to be introduced. The pipeline in the paper has been divided to a cascaded network of n segments so that a model with lumped parameters could be reached. For segment modeling, a standard library of bond graphs element has been used. On the basis of models with lumped parameters, the effect of the number of segments, pipeline length and effective bulk modulus on the dynamics of long transmission line have been analyzed.

成人脊柱畸形矫形术后早期躯体重心线(W-line)与近端交界区失败的相关性分析

目的:探讨成人脊柱畸形(adult spinal deformity,ASD)矫形术后早期躯体重心线(W-line)与近端交界区失败(proximal junctional failure,PJF)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月~2019年3月在我院行手术治疗的99例ASD患者的临床资料,其中男19例,女80例。均行单纯后路长节段(固定椎体≥4个)固定融合手术,术后随访至少满2年。测量并记录所有患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时的脊柱-骨盆参数。在脊柱全长侧位X线片上,将经外耳道口垂线定义为W-line,根据W-line不同位置分为A组、B组及C组。测量术后3个月时W-line到S1后上角水平距离(WSD)及W-line到股骨头中心连线中点的水平距离(WHD),将W-line位置进行数值转化(the numeric value of W-line,N-W-line):N-W-line=WHD/WSD。W-line位于参考点前方数值为正,反之为负。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析得出N-W-line临界值。三组患者参数进行方差分析,应用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析非PJF生存时间。结果:ROC曲线分析得出术后3个月N-W-line临界值为±0.78[敏感度=75%,特异度=75.9%,曲线下面积(the area under the curve,AUC)=0.736,P=0.003]。A组32例,N-W-line>0.78;B组49例,-0.78≤N-W-line≤0.78;C组18例,N-W-line<-0.78。A组患者骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)最小(P<0.05),术后3个月矢状面平衡距(P<0.001)、T1骨盆角(P<0.001)及骨盆腰椎匹配度(P<0.001)均显著小于其他两组患者。但随访中,A、B及C组分别有12例、3例及1例患者出现PJF,A组患者PJF发生率显著高于其他两组(12/32 vs 3/49 vs 1/18,P<0.001)。此外,A组患者非PJF生存时间显著低于其他两组患者(P=0.005,Log-rank检验)。B、C组患者W-line位置逐渐前移,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数逐渐增大,但术后PJF发生率显著降低。结论:ASD患者矫形术后早期W-line位置可有效预测PJF发生。矫形手术后W-line偏后或过度偏前,术后随访中PJF发生率显著增加,矫形术后躯干呈轻度前屈为最佳。

Investigation of Helical Pulse Forming Line

To investigate the feasibility for a helical line to be used as a pulse forming line （PFL）, the transmission characteristics of the helical transmission line is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The results indicate that it is feasible to employ a helical line as a long-pulse PFL, and the influence of its dispersion is negligible. Compared with a conventional coaxial PFL, the helical PFL with the same size can produce a longer pulse.

Dynamic Investigation on Chromosome Aberration of a Human Retinoblastoma Cell Line SO-Rb_(50)

G-banding and karyotype analyses of cells in seventeen passages of SO-Rb_(50) during a long period of culture for about four years were performed. Three chromosome markers 13q14^-, 1p36^+ and 12p13^+ were found. Cells possessed 13q14^- reduced to zero after the 200th passage while 1p^+ and 12p^+ cells increased to 100% after 30 and 200 passages respectively. Abnormal chromosomes, ring chromosomes, chromosome radiuses and double minutes were also observed. These chromosomal changes were more often seen b...

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity are increased, and the costs are decreased. The process parameters of relay production lines are studied based on the long-and-short-term memory network. Then, the Keras deep learning framework is utilized to build up a short-term relay quality prediction algorithm for the semi-finished product. A simulation model is used to study prediction algorithm. The simulation results show that the average prediction absolute error of the fraction is less than 5%. This work displays great application potential in the relay production lines.

Long interspersed elements in three species of Gracilaria (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)

In order to find out whether long interspersed elements （LINEs） existed in macro-algae gehomes or not, we tested the LINE homologues in representative families （species）： Gracilaria （G. eucheumoides Harv., G. tenuistipitata Chang et Xia, and G. textorii （Sur） De-Toni）, Laminaria （L. longissima Miyabe and L. japonica Aresch.）, and Ulva （U. lactuca L. and U. pertusa Kjellm.） during 2004 to 2005. Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） was carried out with degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from LINEs of rice homologues and Cin4 of maize. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products revealed that 4 clones that derived from 3 species of Gracilaria have LINE homologues. The nucleotide sequences of the 4 LINE homologues diverged greatly, but the amino acid sequences deduced from them were relatively conserved. The endonuclease regions of the LINE homologues greatly diverged from that of other plants, but they had closer phylogenetic relationship to Zepp elements in Chlorella sp., which indicated that sequence divergence by vertical transmission has been a major influence on the evolution of algal LINEs.

大跨越架空输电导线铝部应力分布试验

为了掌握大跨越架空输电导线铝部应力空间分布特性,以JLHA1/G6A-500/280型特强钢芯铝合金导线为研究对象,采用铝股丝表面激光刻槽,内嵌高灵敏、超大复用容量超弱光纤光栅,搭建了大跨越输电导线铝部应力试验平台,研究了不同张力条件下大跨越架空输电导线铝部应力分布规律,建立了大跨越导线实体有限元模型,分析了铝股应力分布特征,并验证了试验结果的正确性。结果表明:导线承受张力作用时,外层铝股和次外层铝股应力不同,外层铝股应力小于次外层铝股应力,导线同层铝股应力基本相同;铝股应力随导线张力的增大呈线性增大趋势,张力每增大1%,铝股应力增大约10%。不同导线张力作用时钢股和铝股应力均呈现环状分层特性,铝股平均应力小于钢股平均应力,铝部和钢股应力比约为3∶7;外层和次外层铝合金股丝应力沿圆周向分布不均匀,建议大跨越导线线型设计时考虑铝股丝分层特性。

Application of InSAR in Surface Deformation Monitoring of Electric Power Line Selection

In the process of site selection and the facility construction in power engineering, the geological conditions of the foundation have an important impact on the displacement of completed power facilities. Usually, the conventional surface displacement has certain continuity in time and space. Therefore, in the initial stage of power line selection, the relatively stable geological conditions can greatly reduce the probability of major accidents due to ground deformation. As a new surface displacement monitoring method, InSAR can obtain the displacement monitoring results in long time series. This paper used 20 Sentinel-1A data to study the geological conditions of power line selection. Based on the fact that the vegetation coverage in the line selection area and the poor penetration of C-band data may cause serious body scattering correlation, we verified the possibility of obtaining accurate results in a long-time baseline with less influence on volume scattering decorrelation. Using this method, we obtained the surface history displacement line chart of the 220 kV power line to be erected in Laiyuan to Quanyu, Hebei Province. By analyzing 10 high coherence points on the line, we found that the largest historical surface displacement in the 18 months is less than 30mm, and the maximum cumulative deformation rate is only 12 mm/a, which meets the requirements of power line erection.

800 km客运班线事故特征及情景研究

为降低800 km以上客运班线事故潜在发生性,提高企业安全防控能力,研究分析了800 km以上客运班线事故典型特征,构建事故发生重要情景。基于2014—2020年800 km以上客运班线道路交通事故数据展开致因分析及事故易发情景研究。以人、路、环境为依据,选取关键特征构建了事故特征指标体系。利用决策树模型构建了安全风险模型,探索了运行时段、人因、天气状况、季度、事故发生地区、道路线形、路面状况、节假日情况、春运情况、公路技术等级和公路行政等系统关键因子与翻车、刮擦、碰撞、撞击固定物、追尾、坠车等事故形态间的潜在关系。剖析了事故发生时交通系统内人、路及环境等因素特征及形态,以此构建了800 km以上客运班线的事故易发情景。结果表明:运行时段、人因、天气状况是影响800 km以上客运班线事故发生的关键因子,且与季度、事故发生地区、道路线形、路面状况等因子存在多重耦合关系;节假日情况、春运情况、公路技术等级和公路行政等级不是影响800 km以上客运班线事故发生的关键因子。研究为降低800 km以上客运班线的事故潜在发生性及企业安全防控提供理论依据。未来,道路运输管理部门与道路运输企业应强化安全管理,规范驾驶员安全驾驶行为,普及事故易发情景下的防御性驾驶知识。

基于可信容量的长期储能充裕性决策分解模型

电力系统发电容量充裕性是表征系统发电能力的一个重要指标,合理调动长期储能充分利用其转移电量的能力,是平衡系统充裕性波动的一个重要方法.针对长期储能年周期内的转移电量分配问题,提出基于可信容量的长期储能充裕性决策分解模型.鉴于新能源机组和常规机组的评估水平不同,利用基于等可靠性指标的新能源可信容量评估将新能源等效为常规机组,以评估新能源机组对电力系统充裕性的贡献.计及强迫停运因素,对机组充裕容量进行调整,并且分析长期储能转移电量对于系统充裕性的影响;根据系统充裕性评估方法,构建以长期储能转移电量为决策变量的长期储能充裕性决策分解模型,并且考虑长期储能的自放电和充放电损耗,建立相关约束条件.考虑到模型非线性分段的特征,采用列队竞争算法对其求解,同时为了克服收缩比选取困难的问题,对列队竞争算法进行改进.设置算例分析电力系统新能源和常规机组对系统发电容量充裕性的贡献程度,验证长期储能充裕性决策分解模型的可行性,对比算法证实了改进列队竞争算法的优越性.

考虑光伏波动性的配电网线损率阈值评估

针对分布式光伏接入后,异常线损率的判定阈值不合理导致漏检率较高的问题,提出考虑光伏波动性的10 kV配电网线损率波动阈值评估方法。首先,分析分布式光伏电量的并网形式以及可能存在的电量异常情况;其次,采用长短时记忆网络(LSTM)拟合输入特征与线损率之间的非线性关系预测线损率的方法,取代基于量测数据的潮流计算线损率的方法;然后,基于天气类型SCF指数,采用Monte Carol模拟体现光伏发电量的波动性,求得考虑光伏发电随机性的配电网线损率概率密度函数,并以此划定线损率的异常判定阈值。最后以IEEE 37节点配电系统为例,实际评估光伏接入后在考虑气象因素条件下配电线路日线损率的概率密度分布,并与电网的传统判定阈值进行对比分析。

浅析新版长输管道定期检验规则的修订理念及意义

近年来,随着管道技术发展和相关法规标准的不断完善,TSG D7003—2010版中部分内容已不再适用。为满足长输管道检验工作需求,市场监管总局对TSG D7003—2010版进行了修订。本文详细阐述了此次修订的背景、修订原则、修订过程、主要变化和重要意义,以期为广大管道检验检测和管理人员更好地理解长输管道定期检验规则提供帮助。

基于多头注意力机制的CNN⁃BiLSTM高海拔多因素输电线路可听噪声预测

为了研究考虑高海拔多环境因素影响下输电线路可听噪声的预测问题,在海拔2400 m高度点的500 kV同塔双回线路下,搭建了边相外20、30、35 m三处可听噪声观测站,同时利用气象站进行多环境因素指标的数据采集。文中提出了一种基于多头注意力机制(multi⁃head attention,MHA)的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)—双向长短期记忆网络(bi⁃directional long short term memory,BiLSTM)模型进行可听噪声预测。首先,采用皮尔逊相关性分析对多种环境因素数据进行相关程度计算比较与剔除;然后,为充分挖掘可听噪声数据中的时序特征,使用CNN对多环境因素数据进行特征提取;再将提取的特征向量输入到BiLSTM中进行训练,并通过在BiLSTM端引入多头注意力机制,使模型学习权重更高的数据特征,从而提升模型预测精度;结果表明,该方法构建的组合模型可以提升考虑多因素特征可听噪声数据的预测精度,且具有较好的泛化性。

正极性操作冲击电压下含悬浮导体长空气间隙放电发展过程

带电作业组合间隙是典型的含悬浮导体长空气间隙,含悬浮导体长空气间隙放电机理研究对提升带电作业安全性具有重要意义。为此搭建了棒-棒-板含悬浮导体长空气间隙放电观测平台,开展了悬浮导体位于不同位置的间隙放电观测试验,获得了施加电压、高电位放电电流以及放电光学图像等数据,研究了间隙的放电发展过程。研究结果表明,含悬浮导体长空气间隙这2个子间隙的放电会同时进行并相互影响,子间隙1放电主要由下行先导-流注体系和上行流注组成,子间隙2放电主要由先导-流注体系组成;悬浮导体位置会影响放电发展各阶段的起始时刻和放电发展时间;悬浮导体在任意位置时,放电从子间隙1起始,子间隙2中放电在子间隙1击穿前起始,子间隙2击穿不早于子间隙1击穿;子间隙1流注-先导转化所需临界电荷为0.26μC,与长空气间隙相似;预放电电流幅值、先导发展速度等放电发展特征与长空气间隙存在差异。

基于多特征融合的细胞特异性lncRNA的亚细胞定位预测

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)在细胞生物学过程和疾病发展中扮演着关键性角色。由于lncRNA的亚细胞定位和其生物学功能密切相关,因此确定lncRNA的亚细胞定位具有重要意义。目前已有一些基于机器学习的方法来识别lncRNA的亚细胞位置,但在识别人类lncRNA的细胞特异性定位方面的相关工作仍然有限。该模型对人类细胞系lncRNA亚细胞定位问题进行了研究,提取了k-mer、CKSNAP、SRS和TSS特征信息,并对各类特征信息进行了融合,基于XGBoost和LightGBM结合的算法来预测人类细胞系lncRNA的亚细胞位置,并通过10倍交叉检验对模型进行了评估。结果表明,该模型预测人类细胞系lncRNA亚细胞定位的方法与现有的预测方法相比,预测成功率均有一定改进,其基准数据集的AUROC值最高达到92.26%。

长期运行引水隧洞开裂衬砌受力影响规律与承载特性

衬砌裂缝是引水隧洞中常见的病害之一,衬砌开裂会对隧洞衬砌承载力和安全性造成不同程度的影响。以长期服役的东江水源工程引水隧洞衬砌为研究对象,通过现场检测确定了全洞段裂缝的产状、分布规律和开裂特征。利用ANSYS软件中的软弱薄层单元,建立了开裂衬砌的三维数值模型,得出贯穿型纵向裂缝的位置变化对衬砌结构安全性的影响,系统分析了衬砌的承载特性。结果表明,衬砌开裂条件下,衬砌结构局部开裂区的安全系数降低最为显著,尤其是拱肩位置的裂缝对结构的危害程度远大于边墙、拱顶裂缝;另外,裂缝的产生会对其他未开裂部位的受力特性及稳定性产生影响。数值模拟结果良好地体现了裂损衬砌对隧洞结构的影响规律,与现场检测结果一致,为长期服役下隧洞结构病害防治提供了参考。

长距离复杂地形架空输电线路无人机载雷达巡检技术研究

架空输电线路是电力系统中重要的输电通道。长距离复杂地形的架空输电线路具有较大的安全风险,受到地理条件、气候等因素的限制,无法全面、准确地检测输电线路的潜在问题。为此,提出长距离复杂地形架空输电线路无人机载雷达巡检技术。结合无人机载激光雷达系统原理和不同作业场景需求,采集并预处理点云数据,进行数据融合和分类,完成数据融合解算,生成电力专业报告,实现输电线路巡检。实际应用案例展示了本文技术能够有效提高项目作业效率,且数据成果质量好、精度高,满足项目需求,充分体现了无人机载激光雷达技术在架空输电线路巡检应用中的优越性。