As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In ...As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In this study, a photoperiod-insensitive maize inbred line and its near isogenic photoperiod-sensitive line were used. By integrating RNAbased transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approaches, we generated a comprehensive inventory of the transcripts and proteins with altered abundances in response to a long photoperiod(LP) during growth stage transitions. We detected 22 000 transcripts in RNA-sequence runs and 5 259 proteins from an iTRAQ-based analysis. A weak correlation between mRNA-and protein-level changes was observed, suggesting the LP-induced transition between maize growth stages is largely regulated post-transcriptionally. Differentially expressed genes influenced by LP conditions were associated with several regulatory processes in both maize inbred lines, especially phosphate ion transport and the circadian rhythm. Additionally, 31 transcripts and six proteins related to photoperiodic flowering in maize were identified by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic data. This transcriptomic and proteomic analysis represents the first comprehensive and comparative study of gene/protein-level changes occurring in photoperiod-sensitive and-insensitive maize inbred lines during growth stage transitions under LP conditions.展开更多
The protection based balance of energy is a new technique specially proposed for long transmission lines. This technique depends upon the calculation of net energy into the transmission line by two independent methods...The protection based balance of energy is a new technique specially proposed for long transmission lines. This technique depends upon the calculation of net energy into the transmission line by two independent methods and comparing them to indicate healthy and faulty conditions. In order to study the performance and feasibility of the protection based on balance of energy, the new protection has been extensively tested by using EMTP on a long transmission line with various configurations and operating conditions (including single pole line, double circuit lines and two phase operation). The results calculated by EMTP show that under any condition of a power system, the proposed technique has excellent performance,the viability even for high resistance ground faults and a short operation time.展开更多
In this paper a practical but sufficiently accurate method of calculating transient components in short circuit currents and voltages is proposed. It enables to find the roots of the chara...In this paper a practical but sufficiently accurate method of calculating transient components in short circuit currents and voltages is proposed. It enables to find the roots of the characteristic equation of high order without forming and solving it. This method is convenient to use especially in case of complicated expansionary power systems.展开更多
This paper addresses the issue of modeling of the hydraulic long transmission line. In its base, such model is nonlinear with distributed parameters. Since general solution in closed-form for such model in time-domain...This paper addresses the issue of modeling of the hydraulic long transmission line. In its base, such model is nonlinear with distributed parameters. Since general solution in closed-form for such model in time-domain is not available, certain simplifications have to be introduced. The pipeline in the paper has been divided to a cascaded network of n segments so that a model with lumped parameters could be reached. For segment modeling, a standard library of bond graphs element has been used. On the basis of models with lumped parameters, the effect of the number of segments, pipeline length and effective bulk modulus on the dynamics of long transmission line have been analyzed.展开更多
目的:探讨成人脊柱畸形(adult spinal deformity,ASD)矫形术后早期躯体重心线(W-line)与近端交界区失败(proximal junctional failure,PJF)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月~2019年3月在我院行手术治疗的99例ASD患者的临床资料,其中...目的:探讨成人脊柱畸形(adult spinal deformity,ASD)矫形术后早期躯体重心线(W-line)与近端交界区失败(proximal junctional failure,PJF)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月~2019年3月在我院行手术治疗的99例ASD患者的临床资料,其中男19例,女80例。均行单纯后路长节段(固定椎体≥4个)固定融合手术,术后随访至少满2年。测量并记录所有患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时的脊柱-骨盆参数。在脊柱全长侧位X线片上,将经外耳道口垂线定义为W-line,根据W-line不同位置分为A组、B组及C组。测量术后3个月时W-line到S1后上角水平距离(WSD)及W-line到股骨头中心连线中点的水平距离(WHD),将W-line位置进行数值转化(the numeric value of W-line,N-W-line):N-W-line=WHD/WSD。W-line位于参考点前方数值为正,反之为负。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析得出N-W-line临界值。三组患者参数进行方差分析,应用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析非PJF生存时间。结果:ROC曲线分析得出术后3个月N-W-line临界值为±0.78[敏感度=75%,特异度=75.9%,曲线下面积(the area under the curve,AUC)=0.736,P=0.003]。A组32例,N-W-line>0.78;B组49例,-0.78≤N-W-line≤0.78;C组18例,N-W-line<-0.78。A组患者骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)最小(P<0.05),术后3个月矢状面平衡距(P<0.001)、T1骨盆角(P<0.001)及骨盆腰椎匹配度(P<0.001)均显著小于其他两组患者。但随访中,A、B及C组分别有12例、3例及1例患者出现PJF,A组患者PJF发生率显著高于其他两组(12/32 vs 3/49 vs 1/18,P<0.001)。此外,A组患者非PJF生存时间显著低于其他两组患者(P=0.005,Log-rank检验)。B、C组患者W-line位置逐渐前移,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数逐渐增大,但术后PJF发生率显著降低。结论:ASD患者矫形术后早期W-line位置可有效预测PJF发生。矫形手术后W-line偏后或过度偏前,术后随访中PJF发生率显著增加,矫形术后躯干呈轻度前屈为最佳。展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province, China (161100110500)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101205-3)the Basic and Frontier Project of Henan Province, China (142300413218)
文摘As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In this study, a photoperiod-insensitive maize inbred line and its near isogenic photoperiod-sensitive line were used. By integrating RNAbased transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approaches, we generated a comprehensive inventory of the transcripts and proteins with altered abundances in response to a long photoperiod(LP) during growth stage transitions. We detected 22 000 transcripts in RNA-sequence runs and 5 259 proteins from an iTRAQ-based analysis. A weak correlation between mRNA-and protein-level changes was observed, suggesting the LP-induced transition between maize growth stages is largely regulated post-transcriptionally. Differentially expressed genes influenced by LP conditions were associated with several regulatory processes in both maize inbred lines, especially phosphate ion transport and the circadian rhythm. Additionally, 31 transcripts and six proteins related to photoperiodic flowering in maize were identified by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic data. This transcriptomic and proteomic analysis represents the first comprehensive and comparative study of gene/protein-level changes occurring in photoperiod-sensitive and-insensitive maize inbred lines during growth stage transitions under LP conditions.
文摘The protection based balance of energy is a new technique specially proposed for long transmission lines. This technique depends upon the calculation of net energy into the transmission line by two independent methods and comparing them to indicate healthy and faulty conditions. In order to study the performance and feasibility of the protection based on balance of energy, the new protection has been extensively tested by using EMTP on a long transmission line with various configurations and operating conditions (including single pole line, double circuit lines and two phase operation). The results calculated by EMTP show that under any condition of a power system, the proposed technique has excellent performance,the viability even for high resistance ground faults and a short operation time.
文摘In this paper a practical but sufficiently accurate method of calculating transient components in short circuit currents and voltages is proposed. It enables to find the roots of the characteristic equation of high order without forming and solving it. This method is convenient to use especially in case of complicated expansionary power systems.
文摘This paper addresses the issue of modeling of the hydraulic long transmission line. In its base, such model is nonlinear with distributed parameters. Since general solution in closed-form for such model in time-domain is not available, certain simplifications have to be introduced. The pipeline in the paper has been divided to a cascaded network of n segments so that a model with lumped parameters could be reached. For segment modeling, a standard library of bond graphs element has been used. On the basis of models with lumped parameters, the effect of the number of segments, pipeline length and effective bulk modulus on the dynamics of long transmission line have been analyzed.
文摘目的:探讨成人脊柱畸形(adult spinal deformity,ASD)矫形术后早期躯体重心线(W-line)与近端交界区失败(proximal junctional failure,PJF)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月~2019年3月在我院行手术治疗的99例ASD患者的临床资料,其中男19例,女80例。均行单纯后路长节段(固定椎体≥4个)固定融合手术,术后随访至少满2年。测量并记录所有患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时的脊柱-骨盆参数。在脊柱全长侧位X线片上,将经外耳道口垂线定义为W-line,根据W-line不同位置分为A组、B组及C组。测量术后3个月时W-line到S1后上角水平距离(WSD)及W-line到股骨头中心连线中点的水平距离(WHD),将W-line位置进行数值转化(the numeric value of W-line,N-W-line):N-W-line=WHD/WSD。W-line位于参考点前方数值为正,反之为负。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析得出N-W-line临界值。三组患者参数进行方差分析,应用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析非PJF生存时间。结果:ROC曲线分析得出术后3个月N-W-line临界值为±0.78[敏感度=75%,特异度=75.9%,曲线下面积(the area under the curve,AUC)=0.736,P=0.003]。A组32例,N-W-line>0.78;B组49例,-0.78≤N-W-line≤0.78;C组18例,N-W-line<-0.78。A组患者骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)最小(P<0.05),术后3个月矢状面平衡距(P<0.001)、T1骨盆角(P<0.001)及骨盆腰椎匹配度(P<0.001)均显著小于其他两组患者。但随访中,A、B及C组分别有12例、3例及1例患者出现PJF,A组患者PJF发生率显著高于其他两组(12/32 vs 3/49 vs 1/18,P<0.001)。此外,A组患者非PJF生存时间显著低于其他两组患者(P=0.005,Log-rank检验)。B、C组患者W-line位置逐渐前移,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数逐渐增大,但术后PJF发生率显著降低。结论:ASD患者矫形术后早期W-line位置可有效预测PJF发生。矫形手术后W-line偏后或过度偏前,术后随访中PJF发生率显著增加,矫形术后躯干呈轻度前屈为最佳。
