为提高非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)增强型设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)组链路的鲁棒性和能效,考虑非理想信道状态信息(channel station information,CSI),提出一种能效优化的鲁棒资源分配算法.首先,在保...为提高非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)增强型设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)组链路的鲁棒性和能效,考虑非理想信道状态信息(channel station information,CSI),提出一种能效优化的鲁棒资源分配算法.首先,在保证子信道分配、蜂窝用户和D2D组最小速率以及D2D组最大传输功率约束下,建立最大最小鲁棒能效模型;其次,考虑最坏情况法将信道不确定性建模为有界信道估计误差,并用泰勒级数展开式、凸松弛、变量转换法将原多变量耦合问题转化为凸优化问题;最后,用拉格朗日对偶理论求解.仿真结果表明,所提出的算法将传输速率控制在最低速率阈值以上,具有良好的鲁棒性,与其他算法相比能效提高了8.3%.展开更多
无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进...无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进行信息解码的同时收集能量,与无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA优势互补。文中基于SWIPT研究无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的能量效率问题,通过联合优化功率分配系数和SWIPT的时隙切换(Time Switching,TS)系数,提高系统的能量效率。为了最大化能量效率,采用布谷鸟算法设计功率分配系数。考虑一种特殊情况,将所有终端的TS系数设置相同,进而推导了最佳TS系数的封闭表达式。仿真结果表明,相较于几种已有方案,文中提出的优化方案可以显著提升系统的能量效率。展开更多
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B...Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. Notably, advances have been made in the development of quantitative HBsAg assays, which have allowed viral replication monitoring, and there is an opportunity to make maximal use of quantitative HBsAg to elucidate its role in clinical fields. Yet, it needs to be underscored that a further understanding of HBsAg, not only from clinical point of view but also from a virologic point of view, would enable us to deepen our insights, so that we could more widely expand and apply its utility. It is also important to be familiar with HBsAg variants and their clinical consequences in terms of immune escape mutants, issues resulting from overlap with corresponding mutation in the P gene, and detection problems for the HBsAg variants. In this article, we review current concepts and issues on the quantification of HBsAg titers with respect to their biologic nature, method principles, and clinically relevant topics.展开更多
The introduction of a direct-acting antiviral(DAA) for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, could lead to higher sustained virologic response(SVR)rates with fewer adverse events, and it could shorten the tr...The introduction of a direct-acting antiviral(DAA) for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, could lead to higher sustained virologic response(SVR)rates with fewer adverse events, and it could shorten the treatment duration relative to the interferon era. Although most recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the occurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) are decreased by SVR with both interferon-based and interferon-free-regimens, there are several reports about the unexpected observation of high rates of early tumor occurrence and recurrence in patients with HCV-related HCC undergoing interferon-free therapy despite SVR. Several mechanisms of HCC occurrence and rapid immunological changes, including cytokines and chemokines during and after DAA treatment, have also been reported. We focused on the possibilities that HCC occurs or recurs during and after DAA treatment, based on the reported clinical and basic studies. Further studies and observations will be needed to determine the short-term and long-term effects on hepatocarcinogenesis caused by the eradication of HCV with DAAs. New serum biomarkers and a follow-up system for HCV-patients with SVR should be established.展开更多
In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanze...In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanzees and progress was slow until the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C virus(HCV)in 1989.Since then,research and treatment of HCV have expanded with the development of modern biological medicine:HCV genome organization and polyprotein processing were delineated in 1993;the first three-dimensional structure of HCV nonstructural protein(NS3 serine protease)was revealed in 1996;an infectious clone of HCV complementary DNA was first constructed in 1997;interferon and ribavirin combination therapy was established in 1998 and the therapeutic strategy gradually optimized;the HCV replicon system was produced in1999;functional HCV pseudotyped viral particles were described in 2003;and recombinant infectious HCV in tissue culture was produced successfully in 2005.Recently,tremendous advances in HCV receptor discovery,understanding the HCV lifecycle,decryption of the HCV genome and proteins,as well as new anti-HCV compounds have been reported.Because HCV is difficult to isolate and culture,researchers have had to avail themselves to the best of modern biomedical technology;some of the major achievements in HCV research have not only advanced the understanding of HCV but also promoted knowledge of virology and cellular physiology.In this review,we summarize the advancements and remaining scotomas in the molecular virology and epidemiology of HCV.展开更多
Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical v...Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.展开更多
The 2020 year-end wrap-up session of Baishideng Publishing Group was held on December 31,2020.All staff attended this session.We shared our key results area and made a business plan regarding the journal management.Wo...The 2020 year-end wrap-up session of Baishideng Publishing Group was held on December 31,2020.All staff attended this session.We shared our key results area and made a business plan regarding the journal management.World Journal of Virology(WJV)is now abstracted and indexed in PubMed and PubMed Central.It received 23 manuscripts and published 9 papers which included 6 articles reporting coronavirus 19 in 2020.On the other hand,we made major strategies for WJV’s development in 2021.At present,WJV only has 28 Editorial Board members and cannot receive many manuscripts.We must redouble our efforts to invite more highly influential scientists to join our Editorial Board member and write high-quality manuscripts.展开更多
文摘为提高非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)增强型设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)组链路的鲁棒性和能效,考虑非理想信道状态信息(channel station information,CSI),提出一种能效优化的鲁棒资源分配算法.首先,在保证子信道分配、蜂窝用户和D2D组最小速率以及D2D组最大传输功率约束下,建立最大最小鲁棒能效模型;其次,考虑最坏情况法将信道不确定性建模为有界信道估计误差,并用泰勒级数展开式、凸松弛、变量转换法将原多变量耦合问题转化为凸优化问题;最后,用拉格朗日对偶理论求解.仿真结果表明,所提出的算法将传输速率控制在最低速率阈值以上,具有良好的鲁棒性,与其他算法相比能效提高了8.3%.
文摘无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进行信息解码的同时收集能量,与无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA优势互补。文中基于SWIPT研究无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的能量效率问题,通过联合优化功率分配系数和SWIPT的时隙切换(Time Switching,TS)系数,提高系统的能量效率。为了最大化能量效率,采用布谷鸟算法设计功率分配系数。考虑一种特殊情况,将所有终端的TS系数设置相同,进而推导了最佳TS系数的封闭表达式。仿真结果表明,相较于几种已有方案,文中提出的优化方案可以显著提升系统的能量效率。
基金Supported by The Grant of the Bilateral International Collaborative R&D Program from the Ministry of Knowledge Economythe Good Health R&D Project from the Ministry for Health,Welfare and Family Affairs,South Korea (A050021)
文摘Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. Notably, advances have been made in the development of quantitative HBsAg assays, which have allowed viral replication monitoring, and there is an opportunity to make maximal use of quantitative HBsAg to elucidate its role in clinical fields. Yet, it needs to be underscored that a further understanding of HBsAg, not only from clinical point of view but also from a virologic point of view, would enable us to deepen our insights, so that we could more widely expand and apply its utility. It is also important to be familiar with HBsAg variants and their clinical consequences in terms of immune escape mutants, issues resulting from overlap with corresponding mutation in the P gene, and detection problems for the HBsAg variants. In this article, we review current concepts and issues on the quantification of HBsAg titers with respect to their biologic nature, method principles, and clinically relevant topics.
文摘The introduction of a direct-acting antiviral(DAA) for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, could lead to higher sustained virologic response(SVR)rates with fewer adverse events, and it could shorten the treatment duration relative to the interferon era. Although most recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the occurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) are decreased by SVR with both interferon-based and interferon-free-regimens, there are several reports about the unexpected observation of high rates of early tumor occurrence and recurrence in patients with HCV-related HCC undergoing interferon-free therapy despite SVR. Several mechanisms of HCC occurrence and rapid immunological changes, including cytokines and chemokines during and after DAA treatment, have also been reported. We focused on the possibilities that HCC occurs or recurs during and after DAA treatment, based on the reported clinical and basic studies. Further studies and observations will be needed to determine the short-term and long-term effects on hepatocarcinogenesis caused by the eradication of HCV with DAAs. New serum biomarkers and a follow-up system for HCV-patients with SVR should be established.
文摘In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanzees and progress was slow until the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C virus(HCV)in 1989.Since then,research and treatment of HCV have expanded with the development of modern biological medicine:HCV genome organization and polyprotein processing were delineated in 1993;the first three-dimensional structure of HCV nonstructural protein(NS3 serine protease)was revealed in 1996;an infectious clone of HCV complementary DNA was first constructed in 1997;interferon and ribavirin combination therapy was established in 1998 and the therapeutic strategy gradually optimized;the HCV replicon system was produced in1999;functional HCV pseudotyped viral particles were described in 2003;and recombinant infectious HCV in tissue culture was produced successfully in 2005.Recently,tremendous advances in HCV receptor discovery,understanding the HCV lifecycle,decryption of the HCV genome and proteins,as well as new anti-HCV compounds have been reported.Because HCV is difficult to isolate and culture,researchers have had to avail themselves to the best of modern biomedical technology;some of the major achievements in HCV research have not only advanced the understanding of HCV but also promoted knowledge of virology and cellular physiology.In this review,we summarize the advancements and remaining scotomas in the molecular virology and epidemiology of HCV.
文摘Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.
文摘The 2020 year-end wrap-up session of Baishideng Publishing Group was held on December 31,2020.All staff attended this session.We shared our key results area and made a business plan regarding the journal management.World Journal of Virology(WJV)is now abstracted and indexed in PubMed and PubMed Central.It received 23 manuscripts and published 9 papers which included 6 articles reporting coronavirus 19 in 2020.On the other hand,we made major strategies for WJV’s development in 2021.At present,WJV only has 28 Editorial Board members and cannot receive many manuscripts.We must redouble our efforts to invite more highly influential scientists to join our Editorial Board member and write high-quality manuscripts.
