Analysis on the Status of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Xinan River Basin

Taking Xinan River basin as research object,the status of agricultural non-point source pollution was analyzed based on field survey,as well as the effect of fertilizer and pesticide leaching and runoff,livestock and poultry breeding and rural domestic pollution on non-point source TN and TP.At last,some technical countermeasures of controlling non-point source pollution were put forward according to the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinan River basin.

赣南低山丘陵区农业产业结构“非粮化”空间分异及其驱动力探测--以寻乌县为例

为刻画赣南低山丘陵区农业产业结构“非粮化”空间分布差异,严格落实耕地保护和科学管控“非粮化”,本研究以江西省寻乌县为例,采用地理探测器因子检测、交互作用检测等方法揭示赣南低山丘陵区农业产业结构“非粮化”空间分异特征及其成因。结果表明:2020年寻乌县农业产业结构“非粮化”水平为19.42%,以耕地转为林地和园地为主。农业产业结构“非粮化”空间分异与耕地本底条件、自然资源禀赋、经济区位、政策环境4个维度的因子均显著相关,而地形、农田基础设施条件、耕地连片度是农业产业结构“非粮化”空间分异的主导驱动因子。不同农业产业类型“非粮化”的关键驱动因子不同,多数因子对耕地发展林果业和设施农业的驱动方向相反,农业产业结构“非粮化”因子交互作用均为双因子增强或非线性增强。研究表明,赣南低山丘陵区农业产业结构“非粮化”空间分异明显,需要管控农业产业结构“非粮化”总量并客观分类处置,本研究为“非粮化”分类监测和客观处置提供了参考,为低山丘陵区优化农业资源要素配置和农业产业空间布局提出建议。

Validation of an agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed,China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data on ten storms. The data on eight storms in 2002 were used for calibration while data on two storms were used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0.99 and 0.98 for runoff, 0.94 and 0.95 for the peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0.76 for the sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak runoff rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivity and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.

Agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution control function of dierent vegetation types in riparian wetlands: A case study in the Yellow River wetland in China

Riparian wetland is the major transition zone of matter, energy and information transfer between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and has important functions of water purification and non-point pollution control. Using the field experiment method and an isotope tracing technique, the agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution control function of different vegetation types in riparian wetland was studied in the Kouma Section of the Yellow River. The results showed that the retention of agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution by riparian wetland soil occurs mainly in top 0-10 cm layer. The amount of nitrogen retained by surface soils associated with three types of vegetation are 0.045 mg/g for Phragmites communis Trin Linn, 0.036 mg/g for Scirpus triqueter Linn, and 0.032 mg/g for Typha angustifolia Linn, which account for 59.21%, 56.25%, and 56.14% of the total nitrogen interception, respectively. Exogenous nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer changes more quickly than in other layers. One month after adding KISNO3 to the tested vegetation, nitrogen content was 77.78% for P communis Trin, 68.75% for T. angustifolia, and 8.33% for S. triqueter in the surface soil. After three months, nitrogen content was 93.33% for P. communis Trin, 72.22% for S. triqueter, and 37.50% for T. Angustifolia. There are large differences among vegetation communities respecting to purification of agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution. The nitrogen uptake amount decreases in the sequence： new shoots ofP. communis Trin （9.731 nag/g） 〉 old P. communis Trin （4.939 mg/g） 〉 S. triqueter （0.620 mg/g） 〉 T. angustifolia （0.186 mg/g）. Observations indicated that the presence of riparian wetlands as buffers on and adjacent to stream banks could be recommended to control agricultural non-point pollution.

Study on Control Countermeasures of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Lakeside Belt of Poyang Lake——Taking Duchang Section in the Lower Reaches of Poyang Lake as Example

[Objective] The aim was to study the control countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.[Method] The current situation of water quality of Poyang Lake was analyzed firstly,then the causes of agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake were studied,finally corresponding control countermeasures were put forward.[Result] Agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake was mainly related to the rapid development of pearl industry and livestock industry,aggravated soil erosion and excessive utilization of fertilizer.Based on analysis of current environmental situation and bearing capability of resources in Poyang Lake basin,agricultural non-point source pollution would be controlled through the reduction of external source pollution load,restoration of river wetland and construction of aquatic ecosystem.After the primary implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution control project,the amount of agricultural non-point source pollution in demonstration plot was reduced,and the quality of effluent met the first Class (Class A) of state Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Meanwhile,biodiversity index in river wetland increased by about 30%,so the pollution load entering Poyang Lake was decreased.[Conclusion] The study could provide technology integration and demonstration for the environmental remediation in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.

New Normal Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.

Integrated Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution to Provide Safe and Healthy Drinking Water for Rural Areas

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.

互联网使用对农户闲置宅基地流转行为的影响-基于农户非农就业的调节效应

【目的/意义】促进农村闲置宅基地合理有序流转有利于盘活闲置资源、提高配置效率,优化乡村产业结构和增加农民收入。通过分析互联网使用对农户闲置宅基地流转行为的影响,以探究盘活农村闲置宅基地路径,助推乡村发展。【方法/过程】基于互联网的信息扩散作用,以农户信息可得性为逻辑起点,阐述互联网使用对农户宅基地流转的直接影响和间接影响机理;利用2023年课题组调研获取的300份农户数据,采用二元logistic模型和调节效应模型,实证分析互联网使用对农户宅基地流转行为的影响及农户非农就业的调节效应。【结果/结论】研究结果表明,互联网使用会显著影响宅基地的流转,非农就业可以增强互联网使用对农户宅基地流转行为的正向影响。建议提高农村互联网基础设施建设水平,加强农户非农就业技能,以促进农村宅基地有序流转。

大都市区耕地非农化的时空跃迁特征分析--以天津市为例

基于天津1992—2022年4期数据,运用重心模型、探索性时空数据分析等方法,分析了大都市区耕地非农化时空跃迁特征。结果表明:天津耕地非农化主要以转为建设用地、水域为主;天津耕地非农化地域差异明显,中心城区耕地非农化规模较小,而东南各区规模较大;天津耕地非农化重心先向西北后向东北方向迁移,总体呈“V”型走势;天津耕地非农化有明显的空间集聚特点,但聚集水平不断下降,“高—高”聚集区主要分布于东部及南部区域,“低—低”聚集区主要分布于中心城区;北部、东部和南部地区的耕地非农化空间结构有较强的动态性,北辰区、东丽区等中心城区周边区对临近区有更强空间依赖;天津耕地非农化在空间格局演化上具有较强的空间整合性,正向协同增长的有7个区,主要分布在中北部地区,负向协同增长的有3个区,主要分布在中心城区周边区域;天津耕地非农化的不同空间结构类型间较少发生跃迁,具有较强的转移惰性。

洱海流域生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田排水的净化效应

为探讨洱海流域生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田排水氮、磷去除效应及其应用前景,在流域原位构建生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田尾水进行了拦截净化,在分析流域雨季、旱季及全年3个时间段内系统进出水水质中化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)、总氮(Total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total phosphorus,TP)及铵态氮(Ammoniumnitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N)浓度变化特征基础上,引入改进灰色模式识别模型和综合平均污染指数对系统水质净化效果进行综合评价。结果表明,生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田排水中TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP和COD起到有效净化作用,全年对TN和COD去除率分别为15.20%~69.59%和4.46%~61.90%,出水最低浓度均可达地表水环境质量Ⅱ类标准;系统出水NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP全年平均分别达到地表水环境质量Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类标准。系统在雨季和旱季2个时间段平均出水分别为地表水环境质量Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类标准,全年平均出水可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,系统对农田排水中TN和COD的去除是影响出水水质变化的重要因数。该研究表明,生态沟搭配库塘湿地能明显提高对流域农田排水中氮、磷及COD去除效率,系统全年平均出水可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,同时具有运行稳定和环境经济效益的特点。

Effects of Rainfall Change on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Liangping County

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes of precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Uangping during a year were analyzed firstly, and then the risk of surface runoff caused by rainfall to agricultural non-point source pollution was studied, finally chan- ging trends of annual average precipitation and frequency during 1955 -2011 were discussed using Mann-Kendal method. [ Result] Total precipitati- on of heavy rain in Liangping mainly concentrated from late May to early September, especially in eady and middle July as well as early September. Meanwhile, fertilizer and pesticide were applied to main crops in Liangping in the periods above, so agricultural non-point source pollution became more serious. In recent 57 years, annual average precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Liangping showed an increasing trend respectively, and surface runoff rose with the increase of the precipitation, thereby probably enlarging agricultural pollution area. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.

基于审计视角的农业面源污染治理优化路径研究--以C市为例

本文以C市为例,以审计调查取得的2017年以来的农业面源污染状况及污染物构成数据为基础,通过数据对比,深入分析了C市农业面源污染的主要构成及特征。在剖析农业面源污染现状及特征的基础上,对C市农业面源污染治理存在的问题进行了归纳和总结,指出了当前C市农业面源污染治理在技术手段、制度设计等方面存在的问题和短板。同时以审计监督的视角,提出了优化农业面源污染治理制度,创新审计方法,落实审计整改,加强专业技术人才培养等优化建议,从而期盼进一步提升C市农业面源污染治理的质量和效果。

Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Drinking Water Conservation Area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City

On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discharge coefficient, livestock and poultry excretion coefficient, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer loss rate in the first national pollution source survey, this paper tried to explore current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and provide scientific support for the pollution control. The results showed that in the drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng lake in 2013, contribution rate of pollution sources to the water pollution in the Hongfeng Lake followed the sequence "livestock and poultry breeding > rural life > farmland fertilizer". Among all agricultural non-point source pollutants, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants were major pollution sources, with a contribution rate to CODCr, TP and NH3-N in water above 50%; rural domestic pollutants were also important pollution sources, its contribution rate to CODCr and NH3-N was 43.49% and 46.69%, respectively; contribution rate of farmland fertilizer pollutants to TN and TP was 33.76% and 27.71%, respectively, higher than that of rural domestic pollutants(25.87% and 6.75%). Therefore, the control of non-point source pollution within the drinking water conservation area should be enhanced, so as to control the pollution from the source.

Cause Analysis of "Non-agricultural Trend" of Credit Cooperatives and Reversion Approaches

"Non-agricultural trend" of credit cooperatives is demonstrated as outflow of substantial contribution, application of credit fund in "non-agricultural sectors" and downsizing outlets. As a result, rural financial exclusion and insufficient effective supply of rural finance have been aggravated, and most rural households have been excluded from the service range of credit cooperatives. Major causes for such a trend were summarized as: (a) profit-driven nature of credit cooperatives; (b) conditionality of "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy; (c) influence of macro-environment. It is proposed that credit cooperatives would only revert their focus to "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy only if rural financial exclusion and economic restrictions on the development of credit cooperatives were removed, and the macro-environment was optimized.

Relationship between Farmland Use Right Circulation and Non-agricultural Employment——Based on Survey Data from Eastern and Western China

Relationship between Chinese rural non-agricultural employment and farmland use circulation has always been a hot research topic without final conclusions.This paper uses survey data of"China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)"covering 1,549 households of 95 villages in Zhejiang and Gansu Province in 2008.According to the data analysis,Zhejiang Province has a higher ratio of rural households leasing out their farmland than Gansu Province has,while the latter has a higher ratio of rural residents going out for earning a living.In both provinces,non-agricultural employment and farmland use circulation show significant positive correlation,but in Gansu,non-agricultural employment of farmers shows no significant positive correlation with rural households leasing out their farmland.The factor shows that for peasants in underdeveloped regions of west China,they rely more on land because of its social security functions,so they are not willing to lease out their land even when they go to cities for earning a living.For local government,it is not appropriate to promote farmland use circulation by depending on the transfer of rural labor forces,fundamental needs of peasants must be taken into consideration.

Advances in History, Current Situation and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were summarized to provide theoretical and technical support for the thorough improvement of present situation of water pollution in the basin.

The Impacts of Income from Non-agricultural Industries Operated by Rural households on Farmers' Income

Income from non-agricultural industries operated by rural households is an important income source of farmers' income. According to the Regional Rural Residents' Net Income Per Capita in 2004 issued by the State Statistics Bureau and the relevant statistics of national comprehensive investigation(CGSS2005) in 2005, the impacts of farmers' income gap and farmers' individual features on their income and the impacts of income from non-agricultural industries operated by rural households on farmers' individual income differences are analyzed by applying Hierarchical Linear Models (HLM) as an analysis tool to establish the null model of HLM, excluding the second level model of the second level prediction variables and including the second level model of the second layer prediction variables. The analysis assumes that farmers' individual income varies hugely in different provinces; farmers' individual income has close relation with farmers' individual features; the improvement of income from non-agricultural industries operated by rural households has different impacts on farmers' income.

Evaluation of the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Chongqing Based on PSR Model

Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.

Actuality research on base of non-pollution agricultural products in Yilan county

The base of non-pollution agricultural products is a prerequisite for the non-pollution agricultural production. Based on two factors, i.e., irrigation water and soil, the environmental quality of Yilan county＇s base of non-pollution agricultural products was evaluated by single pollution index. The main monitoring items included the content of Hg, Se, Cr, Pb, fluoride, and so on, and the evaluating results showed Pi〈1 which indicated that this area was fit for developing not only non-pollution products but also greenfood of A level.

Non-professional Agricultural Production Villages Establishing a New Rural Cooperative

The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.