基于GMM-Ada-LASSO模型的高维过程统计质量监控方法

针对高维数据往往不服从正态分布导致统计监控模型识别精度低、监控效率差的问题,文章提出一种基于高斯混合模型的变量选择控制图方法。首先,利用高斯混合模型将高维过程分解成若干个服从正态分布的子分布;然后,运用Adaptive LASSO算法识别潜在异常变量;最后,构建多元EWMA控制图实现高维过程统计质量监控。通过仿真实验,在六种不同情形下对所提方法的监控性能进行测试。结果表明,与传统MEW⁃MA和VS-MEWMA控制图相比,所提监控方法对非正态数据具有较强的稳健性,对高维过程具有良好的监控性能。

NEW STRUCTURES FOR NON-SELFSIMILAR SOLUTIONS OF MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CONSERVATION LAWS

In this article, we get non-selfsimilar elementary waves of the conservation laws in another kind of view, which is different from the usual self-similar transformation. The solution has different global structure. This article is divided into three parts. The first part is introduction. In the second part, we discuss non-selfsimilar elementary waves and their interactions of a class of twodimensional conservation laws. In this case, we consider the case that the initial discontinuity is parabola with u＋ 〉 0, while explicit non-selfsirnilar rarefaction wave can be obtained. In the second part, we consider the solution structure of case u＋ 〈 0. The new solution structures are obtained by the interactions between different elementary waves, and will continue to interact with other states. Global solutions would be very different from the situation of one dimension.

Numerical method for dynamics of multi-body systems with two-dimensional Coulomb dry friction and nonholonomic constraints

Based on the dynamical theory of multi-body systems with nonholonomic constraints and an algorithm for complementarity problems, a numerical method for the multi-body systems with two-dimensional Coulomb dry friction and nonholonomic constraints is presented. In particular, a wheeled multi-body system is considered. Here, the state transition of stick-slip between wheel and ground is transformed into a nonlinear complementarity problem （NCP）. An iterative algorithm for solving the NCP is then presented using an event-driven method. Dynamical equations of the multi-body system with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints are given using Routh equations and a con- straint stabilization method. Finally, an example is used to test the proposed numerical method. The results show some dynamical behaviors of the wheeled multi-body system and its constraint stabilization effects.

Analysis of one-dimensional consolidation of soft soils with non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid

Based on non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid, the theory of one-dimensional (1D) consolidation was modified to consider variation in the total vertical stress with depth and time. The finite difference method (FDM) was adopted to obtain numerical solutions for excess pore water pressure and average degree of consolidation. When non-Darcian flow is degenerated into Darcian flow, a comparison between numerical solutions and analytical solutions was made to verify reliability of finite difference solutions. Finally, taking into account the ramp time-dependent loading, consolidation behaviors with non-Darcian flow under various parameters were analyzed. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of 1D consolidation combined with non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid was conducted in this paper.

Non-Dimensional Analysis of Thermal Effect on Skin Exposure to an Electromagnetic Beam

We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. We non-dimensionalize the problem to write the temperature as the product of a parameter-free function of non-dimensional variables and a function of beam parameters. This formulation allows studying beam parameters without knowing skin material parameters. We examine the effects of spot size, total power and distribution type of the electromagnetic beam on 3 quantities at reflex: 1) the time to reflex, 2) the maximum temperature increase, and 3) the total energy consumption. We find that the flat-top beam is the best, with the lowest energy consumption and the smallest maximum temperature increase. The Super-Gaussian beam is only slightly inferior to the flat-top. The Gaussian beam has by far the worst performance among these three.

3D-CTBA精准定位应用于胸腔镜肺段切除术患者的临床价值

目的探讨三维计算机断层扫描支气管血管成像(3D-CTBA)精准定位对胸腔镜肺段切除术患者糖类抗原125(CA125)、CA724、癌胚抗原(CEA)及肺功能的改善效果。方法前瞻性选取2019年8月至2022年8月安阳市中医院收治的135例行胸腔镜肺段切除术的早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组(67例)和研究组(68例)。对照组中男性42例,女性25例,年龄(58.75±6.81)岁,肿瘤长径(1.39±0.25)cm;研究组患者中男性41例,女性27例,年龄(58.22±6.35)岁,肿瘤长径(1.36±0.31)cm。对照组患者行胸腔镜肺段切除术;研究组患者在胸腔镜肺段切除术前行3D-CTBA精准定位。对比两组患者手术相关指标,术前、术后7 d血清肿瘤标志物水平,术前、术后1个月肺功能指标的变化,两组患者并发症发生情况。采用χ^(2)检验和独立样本t检验。结果研究组患者手术时间[(115.77±7.96)min]、胸腔引流管拔除时间[(3.48±0.81)d]均短于对照组[(140.05±8.77)min、(4.52±0.74)d],术中出血量、术后引流量均比对照组少[(129.83±11.65)ml比(150.02±10.23)ml、(541.23±41.78)ml比(720.22±56.66)ml],淋巴结清扫个数比对照组多[(11.86±2.44)个比(9.26±2.31)个](均P<0.05);术后7 d,两组患者血清CA125、CA724、CEA水平均较术前下降,且研究组[(29.88±6.15)U/ml、(11.75±7.08)U/ml、(15.55±5.67)µg/L]均低于对照组[(36.78±5.42)U/ml、(18.35±6.24)U/ml、(21.22±6.45)µg/L](均P<0.05);术后1个月,两组患者用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气峰值流速(PEF)均较术前下降,但研究组[(2.95±0.58)L、(1.68±0.19)L、(4.73±0.59)L/s]均高于对照组[(2.72±0.65)L、(1.50±0.33)L、(4.50±0.57)L/s](均P<0.05)。研究组患者的并发症总发生率为10.29%(7/68),低于对照组的29.85%(20/67),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.067,P=0.005)。结论3D-CTBA精准定位应用于早期NSCLC胸腔镜肺段切除术患者中,可降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,减少对肺功能的影响,且并发症少,手术安全性高。

基于RIME和1DCNN-LSTM-Attention的无创血糖预测模型研究

实现无创血糖检测对于糖尿病患者来说具有重要意义,然而目前市面上的无创血糖仪存在检测精度不高的问题。为了提高无创血糖检测的准确度,基于近红外无创血糖检测仪,构建了1DCNN-LSTM-Attention混合预测模型,同时引入了霜冰优化算法(RIME)。该模型通过一维卷积神经网络(1DCNN)提取数据中的局部特征,将所提取的特征向量作为长短期记忆(LSTM)网络的输入,捕捉数据中的依赖关系;采用注意力机制(Attention)为LSTM的输出赋予不同的权重,增强关键信息提取;通过RIME算法优化模型参数,避免陷入局部最优解。结果表明,引入RIME的1DCNN-LSTM-Attention混合模型预测效果优于1DCNN、LSTM、1DCNN-LSTM、1DCNN-LSTM-Attention等模型,预测血糖值与有创血糖值的平均绝对误差为0.121 0,均方误差为0.018 6,相关系数达到了0.982 3。该模型有助于提高近红外无创血糖检测的精确度和可靠性。

非小细胞肺癌患者血清sTim-3和SPINK1水平与三维适形放疗效果及预后的关系

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者血清可溶性T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子3(sTim-3)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂Kazal1型(SPINK1)水平与三维适形放疗效果及预后的关系。方法选取102例肺癌患者作为研究对象,收集患者的一般临床资料(包括年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤直径、TNM分期、分化程度以及病理类型),抽取入院第2日空腹外周静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清sTim-3、SPINK1水平并据中位数大小将患者分为sTim-3低和高水平组、SPINK1低和高水平组;患者均进行三维适形放疗,随访12个月,观察并记录患者疗效,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和log-rank检验研究血清sTim-3、SPINK1与患者预后的关系,采用COX回归研究非小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响因素。结果肿瘤直径>3.0 cm、肿瘤淋巴结转移(TNM)分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、分化程度为低分化的非小细胞肺癌患者血清sTim-3、SPINK1表达水平高于肿瘤直径≤3.0 cm、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、分化程度为中高分化的非小细胞肺癌患者(P<0.05);接受三维适形放疗后,血清sTim-3、SPINK1低水平组非小细胞肺癌患者总有效率高于高水平组(P<0.05);sTim-3、SPINK1高水平组非小细胞肺癌患者生存率分别低于对应的低水平组(P<0.05);sTim-3、SPINK1、TNM分期、分化程度是影响非小细胞肺癌患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论非小细胞肺癌患者血清sTim-3、SPINK1高表达与三维适形放疗疗效以及预后有关。

An Improved Three-Dimensional Non-Equilibrium Mixing Pool Model

This paper presents an improved three-dimensional non-equilibrium mixing pool model.It is a simplified form of the original model and is more practical for applications.The simulation re-sults show that the industrial scale distillation tray columns can be described closely by the improvedmodel.The effects of model parameters,such as the number of mixing pools,the point efficiencyand flow pattern,on separation are analyzed quantitatively.

Non-dimensional analysis of static bifurcation in a natural circulation loop

The steady-state characteristics of a two-phase natural circulation loop were investigated based on the homogenous model. Transcendental equations of non-dimensional loop mass flow rate under various conditions were also derived. The static bifurcation diagram of a two-phase natural circulation described with non-dimensional vari-ables Npch-m + was obtained. In addition, various steady-state characteristics of a natural circulation loop were ana-lyzed and discussed. These characteristics include the existence of multiple solutions under certain conditions, and the maximum mass flow rate. The authors also examined the effects of important parameters such as sub-cooling number, riser-to-heated-region length ratio, and riser-to-heated-region diameter ratio.

血清miR-22 miR-98-5p表达与非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗疗效的关系研究

目的:观察非小细胞肺癌(nonsmalcellungcancer,NSCLC)实施三维适形放疗后不同疗效情况患者机体微小RNA(microRNA,miR)-22、miR-98-5p表达水平差异,并分析其表达水平与疗效间的关联性。方法:纳入2020年1月至2024年1月本院收治的104例NSCLC患者,所有患者接受三维适形放疗,完成放疗后通过实时荧光定量PCR法测定患者机体miR-22、miR-98-5p表达水平,采用单因素方差分析不同疗效患者miR-22、miR-98-5p表达水平差异,采用Logistic多因素回归模型分析影响放疗疗效的相关因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)分析miR-22、miR-98-5p表达水平对放疗有效性的评估效能。结果:不同疗效患者miR-22、miR-98-5p表达水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中SD组与PD组miR-22表达水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CR组、PR组与SD组、PD组miR-22、miR-98-5p表达水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CR组与PR组miR-22、miR-98-5p表达水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析发现不同病理类型、TNM分期、分化程度及miR-98-5p、miR-22表达水平与放疗的疗效有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归模型分析发现,TNM分期(OR=3.360,95%CI:1.229~9.184)、分化程度(OR=2.779,95%CI:1.066~7.246)及miR-98-5p(OR=2.085,95%CI:1.147~3.792)、miR-22表达水平(OR=0.590,95%CI:0.368~0.946)是评估放疗疗效的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线表明:miR-98-5p、miR-22评估放疗有效性的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.798、0.800,敏感度分别为0.589、0.630,特异度分别为0.871、0.839,而miR-98-5p+miR-22评估放疗有效性的AUC为0.895,明显高于单项指标(P<0.05),敏感度为0.726,特异度为0.935。结论:在NSCLC实施三维适形放疗后不同疗效患者血清miR-98-5p、miR-22表达水平存在一定的差异,与放疗有效性明显相关,并对疗效有一定的评估价值。

Local Similarity Relationships of Non-Dimensional Wind and Temperature Gradient in the Tower-Layer Atmosphere over Beijing City

Micrometeorological data for wind and temperature from a 325 m high tower in Beijing City are analyzed by use of local similarity theory. Non-dimensional wind and temperature gradients, Phi(m) and Phi(h), are determined by three techniques called, respectively, eddy-correlation, mean profiles and inertia-subrange cospectra (ISC) method for a wide range of atmospheric stratification from unstable to stable conditions. Average dissipation rate Phi(e) of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is evaluated from u-spectrum, as a quantity required in the last technique. Ratio of the eddy transfer coefficients, alpha(= K-h / K-m), is calculated from Phi(m) and Phi(h) estimations. The results from various techniques are compared with each other and with some available empirical results in the tower-layer, It is shown that the empirical relationships determined by mean profiles and ISC methods in the lower-layer turbulence ore in agreement with each other and with some other results.

感恩拓延--建构理论下多维度支持对老年非小细胞肺癌化疗患者心理状态和生活质量的影响

目的分析感恩拓延--建构理论下多维度支持对老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)化疗患者心理状态和生活质量的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月就诊于江苏省海安市中医院的老年NSCLC化疗患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。2组采用相同的治疗,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组常规护理的基础上给予感恩拓延--建构理论下多维度支持,均持续干预2个月。比较干预前后2组的癌因性疲乏、自我护理能力、感恩水平、心理状态[采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分]以及生活质量的变化。结果干预后,观察组的CFS总分及各维度评分、SAS及SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察组的ESCA各维度评分、CQ-6评分及QLQ-C30各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论感恩拓延--建构理论下的多维度支持可有效缓解老年NSCLC化疗患者的癌因性疲乏、焦虑及抑郁,提高自我护理能力及生活质量,并提升感恩水平,具有一定的临床应用价值。

Exact solutions of (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq equations

The symmetries and the exact solutions of the （3＋l）-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussi- nesq （INHB） equations, which describe atmospheric gravity waves, are studied in this paper. The calculation on symmetry shows that the equations are invariant under the Galilean transformations, the scaling transformations, and the space-time translations. Three types of symmetry reduction equations and similar solutions for the （3＋ 1）-dimensional INHB equations are proposed. Traveling and non-traveling wave solutions of the INHB equations are demonstrated. The evolutions of the wind velocities in latitudinal, longitudinal, and vertical directions with space-time are demonstrated. The periodicity and the atmosphere viscosity are displayed in the （3＋1）-dimensional INHB system.

Vertical two-dimensional non-hydrostatic pressure model with single layer

The vertical two-dimensional non-hydrostatic pressure models with multiple layers can make prediction more accurate than those obtained by the hydrostatic pres- sure assumption. However, they are time-consuming and unstable, which makes them unsuitable for wider application. In this study, an efficient model with a single layer is developed. Decomposing the pressure into the hydrostatic and dynamic components and integrating the x-momentum equation from the bottom to the free surface can yield a horizontal momentum equation, in which the terms relevant to the dynamic pressure are discretized semi-implicitly. The convective terms in the vertical momentum equation are ignored, and the rest of the equation is approximated with the Keller-box scheme. The velocities expressed as the unknown dynamic pressure are substituted into the continuity equation, resulting in a tri-diagonal linear system solved by the Thomas algorithm. The validation of solitary and sinusoidal waves indicates that the present model can provide comparable results to the models with multiple layers but at much lower computation cost.

High Dimension Multivariate Data Analysis for Small Group Samples of Chemical Volatile Profiles of African Nightshade Species

Quantitative headspace analysis of volatiles emitted by plants or any other living organisms in chemical ecology studies generates large multidimensional data that require extensive mining and refining to extract useful information. More often the number of variables and the quantified volatile compounds exceed the number of observations or samples and hence many traditional statistical analysis methods become inefficient. Here, we employed machine learning algorithm, random forest (RF) in combination with distance-based procedure, similarity percentage (SIMPER) as preprocessing steps to reduce the data dimensionality in the chemical profiles of volatiles from three African nightshade plant species before subjecting the data to non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). In addition, non-parametric methods namely permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) were applied to test hypothesis of differences among the African nightshade species based on the volatiles profiles and ascertain the patterns revealed by NMDS plots. Our results revealed that there were significant differences among the African nightshade species when the data’s dimension was reduced using RF variable importance and SIMPER, as also supported by NMDS plots that showed S. scabrum being separated from S. villosum and S. sarrachoides based on the reduced data variables. The novelty of our work is on the merits of using data reduction techniques to successfully reveal differences in groups which could have otherwise not been the case if the analysis were performed on the entire original data matrix characterized by small samples. The R code used in the analysis has been shared herein for interested researchers to customise it for their own data of similar nature.

经食管实时三维超声心动图、CT血管造影联合CHA2DS2-VASc评分对非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值

目的:探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图(RT-3D-TEE)、CT血管造影(CTA)以及脑卒中危险(CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc)评分三者联合对非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年6月沧州市人民医院心血管内科收治的88例非瓣膜性房颤患者,根据是否发生左心耳血栓将其分为血栓组(36例)和无血栓组(52例)。所有患者均接受RT-3D-TEE和CTA检查,并进行CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分。logistic回归分析非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳形成相关因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析RT-3D-TEE、CTA及CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc对非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度及特异度。结果:血栓组左心耳最大排空流速(LAAeV)为(51.48±5.87)、左心耳最大充盈速度(LAAfV)为(48.36±5.49)及三维容积法射血分数(3D-EF)(39.26±3.24)均小于无血栓组,差异具有统计学意义(t=5.933、6.767、4.605,P<0.05)。血栓组左心耳开口长径、短径及周长,以及容积、面积均大于无血栓组,射血分数小于无血栓组,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.581、3.410、9.220、3.178、4.453、4.162,P<0.05)。血栓组菜花型和仙人掌型占比大于无血栓组,风向标型占比和鸡翅型占比小于无血栓组,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.771、7.132、1.003、5.455,P<0.05)。血栓组CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分显著高于无血栓组,差异具有统计学意义(t=12.269,P<0.05)。LAAeV、LAAfV、3D-EF、开口长径、开口短径、开口周长、容积、射血分数、空间形态以及CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分均与非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成显著相关(OR=4.323~19.562,P<0.05)。RT-3D-TEE、CTA及CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分三者联合预测非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的灵敏度、特异度及AUC分别为93.48%、90.83%和0.895(0.654~0.963)。结论:RT-3D-TEE、CTA及CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分对非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值均较高,其中两项联合和三项联合均可有效提高单项检测的预测效能,临床可根据实际情况进行选择。

采用GC×GC-TOFMS分析3种脂肪含量牛乳中挥发性化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(headspace solid phase microextraction in combination with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS)技术对全脂牛乳(whole milk,WM)、低脂牛乳(low-fat milk,LFM)和脱脂牛乳(non-fat milk,NFM)3种牛乳样品进行挥发性化合物分析,结果表明:共检测到49种挥发性化合物,其中2-壬酮、2-十一酮等奇数碳链的甲基酮构成WM的主要风味化合物;偏最小二乘法判别分析表明,其模型可以很好地区分3种牛乳样品,并且有较好的方差和交叉验证预测能力;通过变量投影重要性>1、P≤0.05且含量≥1%筛选出9种化合物,被认定为关键香气差异化合物,这些化合物可能是导致3种牛乳风味不同的主要因素;聚类热图结果表明,NFM因异味化合物(如十六醛)的存在可能导致不良感官表现,而WM和LFM存在更多的香气化合物,令其在感官方面具有饱满丰富的香气。本研究建立了HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS分析牛乳的研究方法,为乳制品风味改进和乳制香精调配提供了理论指导。

A New Fourth Order Difference Approximation for the Solution of Three-dimensional Non-linear Biharmonic Equations Using Coupled Approach

This paper deals with a new higher order compact difference scheme, which is, O(h4) using coupled approach on the 19-point 3D stencil for the solution of three dimensional nonlinear biharmonic equations. At each internal grid point, the solution u(x,y,z) and its Laplacian Δ4u are obtained. The resulting stencil algo-rithm is presented and hence this new algorithm can be easily incorporated to solve many problems. The present discretization allows us to use the Dirichlet boundary conditions only and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary conditions near the boundary. We also show that special treatment is required to handle the boundary conditions. Convergence analysis for a model problem is briefly discussed. The method is tested on three problems and compares very favourably with the corresponding second order approximation which we also discuss using coupled approach.