背景嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征(hypereosinophilia syndrome,HES)是一组以血液和(或)组织中嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil,EOS)异常增多为特征的疾病,临床表现多样,易漏诊或误诊为其他伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多的皮炎瘙痒性疾病,其中特别需与特应性皮...背景嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征(hypereosinophilia syndrome,HES)是一组以血液和(或)组织中嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil,EOS)异常增多为特征的疾病,临床表现多样,易漏诊或误诊为其他伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多的皮炎瘙痒性疾病,其中特别需与特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)进行鉴别诊断。目的评估外周血EOS计数在嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征与特应性皮炎鉴别中的作用。方法2015年1月—2022年12月解放军总医院第一医学中心皮肤科收治的诊断明确的HES和AD患者为样本,通过受试者工作特征曲线法计算曲线下面积并评估外周血EOS的鉴别诊断效能。2023年6—12月收治的诊断明确的HES患者和外周血EOS计数>0.5×10^(9)/L的AD患者为后续研究对象,比较二者非激素系统治疗2周内外周血EOS计数变化趋势。结果HES组58例,男49例,女9例,中位年龄46(IQR:23~67)岁;AD组133例,男74例,女59例,中位年龄55(IQR:38~69)岁;HES组患者年龄更大、男性比例更高(P<0.05)。HES组中位白细胞计数[M(IQR):10.78(8.97~13.75)×10^(9)/L vs 6.61(5.44~8.55)×10^(9)/L]和中位外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数[M(IQR):3.29(1.77~5.15)×10^(9)/L vs 0.60(0.35~1.05)×10^(9)/L]均高于AD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HES鉴别AD诊断预测模型的ROC曲线结果提示:EOS鉴别诊断最佳阈值为1.52×10^(9)/L,敏感度为83.2%,特异度为91.8%。后续研究中10例HES患者,治疗前EOS均值(4.51±1.22)×10^(9)/L,给予2周非激素系统治疗,治疗后EOS均值(5.56±1.31)×10^(9)/L,无显著下降趋势。10例AD患者,经非激素系统治疗后第4~8天外周血EOS可降至正常水平(<0.5×10^(9)/L),下降程度平均值为(72.10%±17.12%)。结论HES和AD患者外周血EOS计数分布范围不等,且大部分AD患者给予非激素系统治疗后短期内外周血EOS计数可显著下降,可为HES与AD初步鉴别诊断提供参考,迅速启动干预治疗,对HES在不可逆的器官损伤发生之前减少EOS浸润,进而降低器官损伤的风险。展开更多
Over the past 25 years, the average life expectancy for men has increased by 4 years, and the age of prostate cancer detection has decreased an average of 10 years with diagnosis increasingly made at early-stage disea...Over the past 25 years, the average life expectancy for men has increased by 4 years, and the age of prostate cancer detection has decreased an average of 10 years with diagnosis increasingly made at early-stage disease where curative therapy is possible. These changing trends in the age and extent of malignancy at diagnosis have revealed limitations in conventional curative therapies for prostate cancer, including a significant risk of aggressive cancer recurrence, and the risk of long-term genitourinary morbidity and its detrimental impact on patient quality of life (QOL). Greater awareness of the shortcomings in radical prostatectomy, external radiotherapy and brachytherapy have prompted the search for alternative curative therapies that offer comparable rates of cancer control and less treatment-related morbidity to better preserve QOL. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) possesses characteristics that make it an attractive curative therapy option. HIFU is a non-invasive approach that uses precisely-delivered ultrasound energy to achieve tumor cell necrosis without radiation or surgical excision. In current urological oncology, HIFU is used clinically in the treatment of prostate cancer, and is under experimental investigation for therapeutic use in renal and breast malignancies. Clinical research on HIFU therapy for localized prostate cancer began in the 1990s, and there have now been approximately 30,000 prostate cancer patients treated with HIFU, predominantly with the Ablatherm (EDAP TMS, Lyon, France) device. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been combined with HIFU since 2000 to reduce prostate size, facilitate tissue destruction, and to minimize side effects. Advances in imaging technologies are expected to further improve the already superior efficacy and morbidity outcomes, and ongoing investigation of HIFU as a focal therapy and in salvage and palliative indications are serving to expand the role of HIFU as a highly versatile non-invasive therapy for prostate cancer.展开更多
目的观察中药联合激素非拖尾疗法治疗儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的临床疗效。方法将2019年6月至2022年6月在河南中医药大学第一附属医院门诊就诊的122例RNS患儿按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=62)。对照组给予泼尼松片联...目的观察中药联合激素非拖尾疗法治疗儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的临床疗效。方法将2019年6月至2022年6月在河南中医药大学第一附属医院门诊就诊的122例RNS患儿按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=62)。对照组给予泼尼松片联合他克莫司治疗,其中泼尼松片治疗采用拖尾疗法,观察组在对照组基础上加用中药治疗(益气化瘀清热方序贯辨治),其中泼尼松片治疗采用非拖尾疗法。比较2组治疗前和治疗4周、12周、24周后24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UTP)、血浆白蛋白(ALB)、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)]的变化;比较治疗前和治疗24周后肝肾功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)]、中医证候积分和儿童RNS中医生存质量量表的变化;比较治疗52周后2组患儿激素总累积量、激素副作用、总有效率和复发率。结果2组患儿治疗4周、12周、24周后24 h UTP、ALB、TC、TG均较治疗前有改善,且观察组改善更明显(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗24周后,2组患儿ALT、AST、BUN、SCr无明显变化(P>0.05),但中医证候积分均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)、中医生存质量量表总积分显著增加(P<0.01),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗52周后,观察组激素总累积量低于对照组(P<0.01)、激素副作用少于对照组(P<0.01)、总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)、复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药联合激素非拖尾疗法治疗儿童RNS能降低尿蛋白,升高血浆白蛋白,降低血脂,改善中医证候,提高生存质量,提高临床疗效。展开更多
C urrently, the predominant therapy for urinary calculi is minimally invasive treatment, which could reduce injury to patients while enhancing the success rate, compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive...C urrently, the predominant therapy for urinary calculi is minimally invasive treatment, which could reduce injury to patients while enhancing the success rate, compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive treatments in urinary system include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy （ESWL）, percutaneous nephro- stolithotomy （PCNL）, ureteroscopic lithotripsy （URSL）, laparoscopy, and so on. Despite the relative small injury,展开更多
文摘背景嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征(hypereosinophilia syndrome,HES)是一组以血液和(或)组织中嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil,EOS)异常增多为特征的疾病,临床表现多样,易漏诊或误诊为其他伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多的皮炎瘙痒性疾病,其中特别需与特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)进行鉴别诊断。目的评估外周血EOS计数在嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征与特应性皮炎鉴别中的作用。方法2015年1月—2022年12月解放军总医院第一医学中心皮肤科收治的诊断明确的HES和AD患者为样本,通过受试者工作特征曲线法计算曲线下面积并评估外周血EOS的鉴别诊断效能。2023年6—12月收治的诊断明确的HES患者和外周血EOS计数>0.5×10^(9)/L的AD患者为后续研究对象,比较二者非激素系统治疗2周内外周血EOS计数变化趋势。结果HES组58例,男49例,女9例,中位年龄46(IQR:23~67)岁;AD组133例,男74例,女59例,中位年龄55(IQR:38~69)岁;HES组患者年龄更大、男性比例更高(P<0.05)。HES组中位白细胞计数[M(IQR):10.78(8.97~13.75)×10^(9)/L vs 6.61(5.44~8.55)×10^(9)/L]和中位外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数[M(IQR):3.29(1.77~5.15)×10^(9)/L vs 0.60(0.35~1.05)×10^(9)/L]均高于AD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HES鉴别AD诊断预测模型的ROC曲线结果提示:EOS鉴别诊断最佳阈值为1.52×10^(9)/L,敏感度为83.2%,特异度为91.8%。后续研究中10例HES患者,治疗前EOS均值(4.51±1.22)×10^(9)/L,给予2周非激素系统治疗,治疗后EOS均值(5.56±1.31)×10^(9)/L,无显著下降趋势。10例AD患者,经非激素系统治疗后第4~8天外周血EOS可降至正常水平(<0.5×10^(9)/L),下降程度平均值为(72.10%±17.12%)。结论HES和AD患者外周血EOS计数分布范围不等,且大部分AD患者给予非激素系统治疗后短期内外周血EOS计数可显著下降,可为HES与AD初步鉴别诊断提供参考,迅速启动干预治疗,对HES在不可逆的器官损伤发生之前减少EOS浸润,进而降低器官损伤的风险。
文摘Over the past 25 years, the average life expectancy for men has increased by 4 years, and the age of prostate cancer detection has decreased an average of 10 years with diagnosis increasingly made at early-stage disease where curative therapy is possible. These changing trends in the age and extent of malignancy at diagnosis have revealed limitations in conventional curative therapies for prostate cancer, including a significant risk of aggressive cancer recurrence, and the risk of long-term genitourinary morbidity and its detrimental impact on patient quality of life (QOL). Greater awareness of the shortcomings in radical prostatectomy, external radiotherapy and brachytherapy have prompted the search for alternative curative therapies that offer comparable rates of cancer control and less treatment-related morbidity to better preserve QOL. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) possesses characteristics that make it an attractive curative therapy option. HIFU is a non-invasive approach that uses precisely-delivered ultrasound energy to achieve tumor cell necrosis without radiation or surgical excision. In current urological oncology, HIFU is used clinically in the treatment of prostate cancer, and is under experimental investigation for therapeutic use in renal and breast malignancies. Clinical research on HIFU therapy for localized prostate cancer began in the 1990s, and there have now been approximately 30,000 prostate cancer patients treated with HIFU, predominantly with the Ablatherm (EDAP TMS, Lyon, France) device. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been combined with HIFU since 2000 to reduce prostate size, facilitate tissue destruction, and to minimize side effects. Advances in imaging technologies are expected to further improve the already superior efficacy and morbidity outcomes, and ongoing investigation of HIFU as a focal therapy and in salvage and palliative indications are serving to expand the role of HIFU as a highly versatile non-invasive therapy for prostate cancer.
文摘目的观察中药联合激素非拖尾疗法治疗儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的临床疗效。方法将2019年6月至2022年6月在河南中医药大学第一附属医院门诊就诊的122例RNS患儿按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=62)。对照组给予泼尼松片联合他克莫司治疗,其中泼尼松片治疗采用拖尾疗法,观察组在对照组基础上加用中药治疗(益气化瘀清热方序贯辨治),其中泼尼松片治疗采用非拖尾疗法。比较2组治疗前和治疗4周、12周、24周后24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UTP)、血浆白蛋白(ALB)、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)]的变化;比较治疗前和治疗24周后肝肾功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)]、中医证候积分和儿童RNS中医生存质量量表的变化;比较治疗52周后2组患儿激素总累积量、激素副作用、总有效率和复发率。结果2组患儿治疗4周、12周、24周后24 h UTP、ALB、TC、TG均较治疗前有改善,且观察组改善更明显(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗24周后,2组患儿ALT、AST、BUN、SCr无明显变化(P>0.05),但中医证候积分均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)、中医生存质量量表总积分显著增加(P<0.01),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗52周后,观察组激素总累积量低于对照组(P<0.01)、激素副作用少于对照组(P<0.01)、总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)、复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药联合激素非拖尾疗法治疗儿童RNS能降低尿蛋白,升高血浆白蛋白,降低血脂,改善中医证候,提高生存质量,提高临床疗效。
文摘C urrently, the predominant therapy for urinary calculi is minimally invasive treatment, which could reduce injury to patients while enhancing the success rate, compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive treatments in urinary system include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy （ESWL）, percutaneous nephro- stolithotomy （PCNL）, ureteroscopic lithotripsy （URSL）, laparoscopy, and so on. Despite the relative small injury,
