Experimental study on cracking behaviour of moulded gypsum containing two non-parallel overlapping flaws under uniaxial compression

Failure of rock mass that is subjected to compressive loads occurs from initiation, propagation, and linkage of new cracks from preexisting fissures. Our research investigates the cracking behaviour and coalescence process in a brittle material with two non-parallel overlapping flaws using a high-speed camera. The coalescence tensile crack and tensile wing cracks were the first cracks to occur from the preexisting flaws. The initiation stresses of the primary cracks at the two tips of each flaw were simultaneous and decreased with reduced flaw inclination angle. The following types of coalescence cracks were identified between the flaws: primary tensile coalescence crack, tensile crack linkage, shear crack linkage, mixed tensile-shear crack, and indirect crack coalescence. Coalescence through tensile linkage occurred mostly at pre-peak stress. In contrast, coalescence through shear or mixed tensile-shear cracks occurred at higher stress. Overall, this study indicates that the geometry of preexisting flaws affect crack initiation and coalescence behaviour.

Stability analysis method considering non-parallelism:EPSE method and its application

The e-N method is widely used in transition prediction. The amplitude growth rate used in the e-N method is usually provided by the linear stability theory （LST） based on the local parallel hypothesis. Considering the non-parallelism effect, the parabolized stability equation （PSE） method lacks local characteristic of stability analysis. In this paper, a local stability analysis method considering non-parallelism is proposed, termed as EPSE since it may be considered as an expansion of the PSE method. The EPSE considers variation of the shape function in the streamwise direction. Its local characteristic is convenient for stability analysis. This paper uses the EPSE in a strong non-parallel flow and mode exchange problem. The results agree well with the PSE and the direct numerical simulation （DNS）. In addition, it is found that the growth rate is related to the normalized method in the non-parallel flow. Different results can be obtained using different normalized methods. Therefore, the normalized method must be consistent.

RESEARCH ON PARALLEL GRINDING METHOD OF NON-AXISYMMETRIC ASPHERIC LENS

In order to resolve the problems of machining non-axisymmetric aspheric lens,which is short of flexibility in mould grinding and needs high accuracy CNC machine center in globediamond wheel grinding, a new parallel grinding method that utilizes common arc diamond wheel isput forward. Base on the approach calculation of machining locus, the advantages of parallelgrinding that machines non-axisymmetric aspheric lens by 2.5-axis CNC machine center have beenobtained. The results of grinding experiment show the new method can meet the need of grinding highaccuracy non-axisymmetric aspheric lens.

先进中子学程序SCAP-N混合并行方法

为提高先进中子学程序SCAP-N的计算效率,提出并实现了1种MPI/OpenMP混合并行方案。采用MPI分布式并行模式,实现各分层2维堆芯计算间的并行及3维堆芯pin-by-pin输运计算的粗粒度区域分解并行。采用OpenMP共享存储式并行模式,实现分层2维堆芯内部非均匀输运计算的并行及3维堆芯pin-by-pin输运计算各MPI分区内部的细粒度并行。数值结果表明,该混合并行方法可有效实现SCAP-N程序的并行化,显著缩短程序计算时间,减少堆芯高精度中子输运计算区域分解数目,缓解源迭代格式退化,提高程序计算稳定性和收敛效率。

Local receptivity in non-parallel boundary layer

The research on boundary-layer receptivity is the key issue for the laminarturbulent transition prediction in fluid mechanics. Many of the previous studies for local receptivity are on the basis of the parallel flow assumption which cannot accurately reflect the real physics. To overcome this disadvantage, local receptivity in the non-parallel boundary layer is studied in this paper by the direct numerical simulation （DNS）. The difference between the non-parallel and parallel boundary layers on local receptivity is investigated. In addition, the effects of the disturbance frequency, the roughness location, and the multiple roughness elements on receptivity are also determined. Besides, the relations of receptivity with the amplitude of free-stream turbulence （FST）, with the roughness height, and with the roughness length are ascertained as well. The Tollmien- Schlichting （T-S） wave packets are excited in the non-parallel boundary layer under the interaction of the FST and the localized wall roughness. A group of T-S waves are separated by the fast Fourier transform. The obtained results are in accordance with Dietz＇s measurements, Wu＇s theoretical calculations, and the linear stability theory （LST）.

聚类和NSGA-Ⅱ联合算法在混合流水车间的应用研究

为了改善某高端装备制造企业总装车间混流生产调度困难、批处理阶段产品组批困难的问题,以及实现车间多个目标的同步联合优化,研究了含批处理机的混合流水车间多目标优化问题。首先根据车间运行情况建立了多目标优化模型,之后提出了基于K-means聚类算法和非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)的联合方法,设计了能够对不相容产品进行分组的聚类流程,以及基于产品组编号和组内产品编号的双层编码方式,为批处理工序设计了完整的组批流程。最后,使用车间生产案例进行测试,并将测试结果同仅使用NSGA-Ⅱ得到的结果进行对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。

Basic solution of two parallel non-symmetric permeable cracks in piezoelectric materials

The behavior of two parallel non-symmetric cracks in piezoelectric materials subjected to the anti-plane shear loading was studied by the Schmidt method for the permeable crack electric boundary conditions. Through the Fourier transform, the present problem can be solved with two pairs of dual integral equations in which the unknown variables are the jumps of displacements across crack surfaces. To Solve the dual integral equations, the jumps of displacements across crack surfaces were directly expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Finally, the relations between electric displacement intensity factors and stress intensity factors at crack tips can be obtained. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the distance between two cracks upon stress and electric displacement intensity factors at crack tips. Contrary to the impermeable crack surface condition solution, it is found that electric displacement intensity factors for the permeable crack surface conditions are much smaller than those for the impermeable crack surface conditions. At the same time, it can be found that the crack shielding effect is also present in the piezoelectric materials.

肥胖儿童non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:了解non-HDL-C和remnant cholesterol与肥胖儿童亚临床动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关系。方法:根据甘油三酯(TG)水平将65例肥胖儿童(肥胖组)分为I组(TG≥2.3 mmol/L)32例,II组(TG<2.3 mmol/L)33例,与肥胖组儿童性别年龄相匹配的正常体质量儿童30例为III组(对照组)。比较3组儿童血脂指标,对肥胖组各项血脂指标与血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)进行相关性分析,肥胖患儿体质指数、血脂指标与颈动脉内径、内膜-中层厚度(c-IMT)、血流参数进行相关性分析。结果:I组、II组的TG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol、AIP均较对照组升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较对照组降低,且I组的remnant cholesterol、AIP均较II组升高。肥胖组儿童AIP与TG、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。37例行颈动脉超声检查的肥胖儿童的c-IMT较正常儿童的增厚。结论:non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol在肥胖儿童亚临床AS中有重要作用,在肥胖儿童血脂异常的治疗中应关注non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol的变化。

Self-adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for parallel machine scheduling problems

A self-adaptive large neighborhood search method for scheduling n jobs on m non-identical parallel machines with mul- tiple time windows is presented. The problems＇ another feature lies in oversubscription, namely not all jobs can be scheduled within specified scheduling horizons due to the limited machine capacity. The objective is thus to maximize the overall profits of processed jobs while respecting machine constraints. A first-in- first-out heuristic is applied to find an initial solution, and then a large neighborhood search procedure is employed to relax and re- optimize cumbersome solutions. A machine learning mechanism is also introduced to converge on the most efficient neighborhoods for the problem. Extensive computational results are presented based on data from an application involving the daily observation scheduling of a fleet of earth observing satellites. The method rapidly solves most problem instances to optimal or near optimal and shows a robust performance in sensitive analysis.

Scale-Up Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from H_2/O_2 with Multiple Parallel DBD Tubes

The scale-up synthesis of H2O2 from H2/O2 via a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） under ambient conditions was studied. A plasma reactor consisting of multiple parallel DBD tubes was designed to scale up the H2O2 synthesis. The number of tubes had no significant effect on the discharge mode, and no decay occurred in H2O2 selectivity during the scale-up process. These advantages made this technology more stable and efficient. The reactor＇s energy efficiency increased with the number of tubes and reached 136 g H2O2/kWh in the four-tube reaction. The total energy efficiency was limited by the extremely low energy transfer efficiency of power supply, and might be enhanced by optimizing the impedance matching between the power supply and the reactor load. As a result, an assembly of multiple DBD tubes may provide a viable route for the scale-up synthesis of H2O2 by a non-equilibrium plasma.

Separation of Comprehensive Geometrical Errors of a 3-DOF Parallel Manipulator Based on Jacobian Matrix and Its Sensitivity Analysis with Monte-Carlo Method

Parallel kinematic machines （PKMs） have the advantages of a compact structure,high stiffness,a low moving inertia,and a high load/weight ratio.PKMs have been intensively studied since the 1980s,and are still attracting much attention.Compared with extensive researches focus on their type/dimensional synthesis,kinematic/dynamic analyses,the error modeling and separation issues in PKMs are not studied adequately,which is one of the most important obstacles in its commercial applications widely.Taking a 3-PRS parallel manipulator as an example,this paper presents a separation method of source errors for 3-DOF parallel manipulator into the compensable and non-compensable errors effectively.The kinematic analysis of 3-PRS parallel manipulator leads to its six-dimension Jacobian matrix,which can be mapped into the Jacobian matrix of actuations and constraints,and then the compensable and non-compensable errors can be separated accordingly.The compensable errors can be compensated by the kinematic calibration,while the non-compensable errors may be adjusted by the manufacturing and assembling process.Followed by the influence of the latter,i.e.,the non-compensable errors,on the pose error of the moving platform through the sensitivity analysis with the aid of the Monte-Carlo method,meanwhile,the configurations of the manipulator are sought as the pose errors of the moving platform approaching their maximum.The compensable and non-compensable errors in limited-DOF parallel manipulators can be separated effectively by means of the Jacobian matrix of actuations and constraints,providing designers with an informative guideline to taking proper measures for enhancing the pose accuracy via component tolerancing and/or kinematic calibration,which can lay the foundation for the error distinguishment and compensation.

Analysis of Numerical Results in High Temperature Congealment and Chemistry Non-equilibrium Flow Field

Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved. In this paper, using internalequivalent heat area in place of electric are that created Ohm heat, the flow fields of thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry con-gealment and chemistry non-equilibrium in the plasma generator were simulated. The influences of the inlet prerotation angleof air, the inlet total pressure of air and the airflow compression angle of spray nozzle on the temperature on the surface of elec-

Turbulent Flow Action of Pulp in Wet - Laid Non - Woven Processes

The paper deals with the fluid field of web forming in wet-laid non-woven production.The influence of the turbulent flow on blending fiber and occluded fluid produced in pulp flow has been discussed in theory and practice.The suitable use of the imported velocity of pulp is very important in producing wet-laid products of good quality.

3-D Animation as Applied to the Solving of Coupling Relations in the 6-DOF Parallel Robot

How to solve the coupling relations in a 6 - DOF parallel robot quickly and accurately within the limits of realtime control is a critical problem. In traditional analytic method, the complicated mathemtical model must first be constructed and then solved by programming.Obviously, this method is not very practical. This paper,therefore, proposes a new way of approach with a new method using 3- D animation for the solving of coupling relations in the 6 - DOF parallel robot. This method is much simpler and its solving accuracy approaches that of the more complicated analytic method.

MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2

Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant expressions of some microRNAs are associated with cancer progression.However,the roles and biological mechanisms of miRNA-16-5p in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are not to be well studied.Here,we validated that the expression of miR-16-5p was decreased significantly in NSCLC samples and cell lines.The correlation between the clinicopathological features of NSCLC and the miR-16-5p expression showed that the expression of miR-16-5p in non-small cell lung cancer was linked with the advanced TNM stage,positive lymph node metastasis,with short overall survival(OS).Also,a negative correlation between miR-16-5p and Fermitin family member 2(FERMT2)was observed,implying there may be a potential link about their regulation.The hypothesis was further confirmed by in-silico analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay.Moreover,we demonstrated that the transfections of miR-16-5p mimics could alter some biological characteristics of NSCLC cells remarkably accomplished by the expression variance of FERMT2 in vitro and in vivo assays.Summarily,this study demonstrated that miR-16-5p,as a tumor suppression factor in NSCLC by targeting FERMT2,could serve as one promising biomarker in the prediction for NSCLC patients.

非一致地震作用下高坝-复杂地基体系动力响应分析

地震波场的构建与输入是高坝抗震分析的关键。本文提出了一种适用于三维成层场地的自由波场时域化求解方法,并在此基础上建立了远置层界面模型以分离上行和下行波场,以解决不规则场地和断层分布等复杂地质条件;进而结合不同波型的连续性特征与振动特性,利用几何推导将单列节点位移推广至整个空间场地,以提高计算效率;并采用改进的波动输入方法将复杂波场转换为地基边界上的等效节点力。本文重点研究了精细化的三维高坝-地基体系在垂直和倾斜入射SV波作用下的动力响应,并与均质地基条件下的结果进行对比。结果表明:非一致地震波作用下坝体结构动力响应的空间差异性显著,坝顶不同位置的位移极值响应可相差至80%;SV波倾斜入射时坝体振动响应远大于垂直入射的情况,位移极值可相差2~3倍,高应力区时段相差较大,且整个体系的拉裂破坏范围更广;复杂地质条件会加剧坝体的损伤情况,且对较大应力区的产生时间与分布情况有显著影响。研究结果证实了综合考虑地震波的非一致特性与场地地质条件的必要性,可为其他大型工程结构抗震响应分析提供参考。

基于修正Loganathan公式的非水平布置双线平行盾构隧道施工引起土体位移计算方法

[目的]为研究双线平行盾构隧道非水平布置方式下,由施工引起的周围土体位移规律,提出一种基于修正Loganathan公式的土体位移计算方法。[方法]介绍了Loganathan公式及相关假设;考虑盾构隧道开挖扰动引起的地层损失、土体卸荷回弹和土体损失率沿掘进路径变化的综合影响,修正Loganathan公式并建立单线盾构隧道周围土体位移解;建立双线平行盾构隧道非水平布置方式下,由施工引起的土体位移计算方法;通过实际工程的现场监测和数值模拟结果,验证所提计算方法的工程适用性。[结果及结论]所提计算方法能够考虑隧道轴心连线与水平面夹角、双线隧道半径、隧道轴心间距、双线隧道埋深等双线隧道布置因素,以及隧道盾构施工扰动造成的地层损失、土体卸荷回弹和土体损失率沿掘进路径变化等施工因素对土体位移的影响。地面沉降及土体水平位移的理论计算结果同现场监测结果和数值模拟结果之间的平均误差分别为5.6%、0.6%和5.5%、5.3%,均满足工程经验规定的20%的精度要求,说明所提计算方法能够有效解决双线平行盾构隧道非水平布置方式下施工引起的土体位移计算问题,具有良好的工程适用性。

基于多目标狼群算法的机场行李导入系统仿真优化研究

针对民航机场行李导入系统运行过程中旅客行李注入等待时间长、系统能耗高等问题,综合考虑虚拟视窗控制方式、收集带式输送机运行速度、虚拟视窗长度及同时开放值机柜台数量等关键控制参数对机场行李导入系统运行效率的影响,提出一种求解该问题的仿真优化框架。通过分析机场行李导入系统实际运行工况,建立参数化仿真优化模型。以最小化旅客行李注入平均等待时间和系统能耗为优化目标,结合系统设计和运行过程中的实际约束条件,建立该问题的数学模型,并设计了一种多目标自适应并行狼群算法进行求解。该算法针对所提问题特性及经典狼群算法易陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢等不足,提出一种混合整实数单链编码方式,融合反向学习策略生成初始种群,引入自适应游走概率机制和智能行为并行机制,采用局部和全局自适应邻域搜索及启发式保优策略实现狼群算法智能行为搜索,使用Pareto非支配排序进行寻优迭代并获得最优解集。以国内某大型国际航空枢纽机场行李导入系统为例设计不同规模多种算法对比实验,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

基于应变片法的非平行多裂纹相互作用及起裂机理

通过计算3条非平行斜裂纹的最大应力强度因子KⅠ,kmax(θ)和KⅡ,kmax(θ),揭示其相互作用机理,并采用多裂纹起裂准则预测非平行多裂纹的起裂参数。对含3条非平行斜裂纹的红砂岩试样开展单轴压缩试验,采用应变片测量方法监测裂纹尖端附近的应变,以确定裂纹起裂顺序。结果表明:裂缝相对倾角的变化对破坏轨迹影响不大且多裂纹尖端很少同时起裂。单轴压缩下含3条非平行斜裂纹红砂岩试件破坏形式可分为两种:翼裂纹贯通和翼裂纹-次生裂纹贯通。断裂机理均为Ⅰ型(拉伸)起裂。预测结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了理论结果的有效性。

引入旋转二面角模型的极化SAR七分量分解方法

在排列方向与传感器飞行方向不平行的建筑物区域(即非平行建筑),常规的二面角散射模型基于反射对称的条件,无法准确描述非反射对称成分的电磁波散射过程,相干矩阵中的T 33项被归因于体散射成分,造成城区建筑物体散射高估的现象。现有极化分解模型大多采用扩展体散射模型的方式来构建倾斜城区非反射对称分量,此类方法能降低建筑物区域体散射,但同时也会导致森林区体散射的低估。从对倾斜城区建筑物建模的角度出发,在不改变已有体散射模型的基础上,提出一种定向角补偿的各向同性二面角模型,该模型能解释极化相干矩阵T 23项的实部,且能描述城区具有不同方位角的建筑物的散射过程。在此基础上,将此二面角散射模型与Singh提出的六分量分解模型相结合,扩展一种新的七分量分解模型。文中选取L波段ALOS-2/PALSAR-2全极化数据,分别在旧金山实验区、长沙实验区进行引入旋转二面角模型的七分量分解实验。实验结果表明,在倾斜的建筑物区域,文中提出的方法能有效改善体散射高估的情况,并能有效地区分倾斜建筑物和森林,对识别和提取城区建筑物具有重要的意义。