COVID-19, a contagious respiratory disease, presents immediate and unforeseen challenges to people worldwide. Moreover, its transmission rapidly extends globally due to its viral transmissibility, emergence of novel s...COVID-19, a contagious respiratory disease, presents immediate and unforeseen challenges to people worldwide. Moreover, its transmission rapidly extends globally due to its viral transmissibility, emergence of novel strains (variants), absence of immunity, and human unawareness. This framework introduces a revised epidemic model, drawing upon mathematical principles. This model incorporates a modified vaccination and lockdown approach to comprehensively depict an epidemics transmission, containment, and decision-making processes within a community. This study aims to provide policymakers with precise information on real-world situations to assist them in making informed decisions about the implementation of lockdown strategies, maintenance variables, and vaccine availability. The suggested model has conducted stability analysis, strength number analysis, and first and second-order derivative analysis of the Lyapunov function and has established the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the proposed models. We examine the combined effects of an effective vaccination campaign and non-pharmaceutical measures such as lockdowns and states of emergency. We rely on the results of this research to assist policymakers in various countries in eradicating the illness by developing more innovative measures to control the outbreak.展开更多
目的探究非药物干预对儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的临床特征的影响,为疫情放开后预防呼吸道合胞病毒感染提供依据。方法选取2018年至2021年期间我院住院患儿中确诊为RSV感染者960名,按时间分为无非药物干预期间(2018年至2019年)和非药物性...目的探究非药物干预对儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的临床特征的影响,为疫情放开后预防呼吸道合胞病毒感染提供依据。方法选取2018年至2021年期间我院住院患儿中确诊为RSV感染者960名,按时间分为无非药物干预期间(2018年至2019年)和非药物性干预(non-pharmaceutical interventions,NPIs)期间(2020年至2021年)两组,收集两组患儿的病例信息,分析两组临床特征情况。结果共有960例患儿,其中无NPIs期间400例,NPIs期间560例,<6月龄组儿童发病率最高(54.3%),重症率为4.2%,无死亡病例。无NPIs期间RSV感染全年散发,NPIs期间RSV感染率随NPIs执行程度变化而变化,无明显季节性变化。无NPIs期间患儿喘息的发生率较高(43.8%vs 37.1%)、患肺炎比例较高(73.0%vs 65.7%)、淋巴细胞百分比,血小板计数、血红蛋白及谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转移酶的异常频率所占比例较高,住院天数较长[(5.4±1.6)d vs(5.1±1.6)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无NPIs期间RSV感染患儿呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)较高,达峰时间比(time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time,TPEF/TE)、达峰容积比(volume to peak expiratory flow as a proportion of exhaled volume,VPEF/VE)较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),重症发生率两个时期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论NPIs期间RSV感染流行季节被扰乱,且RSV患儿的气道损伤较轻,两个时期重症率无变化。展开更多
目的系统评价非药物干预(non-pharmaceutical intervention,NPI)对轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者抑郁的疗效和可接受性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据、...目的系统评价非药物干预(non-pharmaceutical intervention,NPI)对轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者抑郁的疗效和可接受性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据、维普和CBM数据库自建库至2024年1月6日发表的NPI治疗MCI患者抑郁的随机对照试验,采用Stata14.0进行网状Meta分析。结果共纳入55篇文献,涉及10种NPI。根据优选概率排名曲线下面积(surface under the cumulative ranking curve,SUCRA),疗效排名前3位的依次为认知行为疗法(cognitive behavioral therapy,CBT)、中国传统运动(Chinese traditional sport,CTS)和艺术疗法;可接受性排名前3位的依次为CBT、CTS和健康教育。结论CBT和CTS可能是改善MCI患者抑郁有效且易接受的NPI,可根据患者情况制定个性化的干预以达到最佳效果。展开更多
物质使用障碍(substance use disorder,SUD)是一个全球性的卫生和社会问题。针对大多数成瘾性物质,目前还没有有效的治疗药物,普遍还是采用心理治疗和行为矫治。近年来,针刺、深部脑刺激(DBS)、重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)、经颅直流电刺激(tD...物质使用障碍(substance use disorder,SUD)是一个全球性的卫生和社会问题。针对大多数成瘾性物质,目前还没有有效的治疗药物,普遍还是采用心理治疗和行为矫治。近年来,针刺、深部脑刺激(DBS)、重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)、经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)和运动等非药物干预手段在治疗神经系统疾病的有效性逐渐得到重视。越来越多的研究也开始关注非药物干预手段在治疗SUD中的应用。本综述在文献检索(如PubMed、Google Scholar等)的基础上总结了针刺、DBS、rTMS、tDCS和运动等非药物干预手段对阿片类药物、精神活性物质、尼古丁、酒精等不同成瘾性物质的心理渴求、戒断时间、使用剂量和成瘾伴随的情绪、认知功能障碍等的影响。研究表明,针刺、DBS、rTMS、tDCS和运动等非药物干预手段可以有效降低成瘾性物质引起的心理渴求、降低物质摄入量、增加戒断时间,同时改善长期使用成瘾性物质引起的认知障碍、焦虑和抑郁样行为等。如果非药物干预手段结合药物、心理等治疗方式,效果更佳。尽管非药物干预方法在现阶段主要作为辅助性治疗手段,未来的研究应注重明确非药物干预手段的神经生物学机制,并完善非药物干预的技术方法。展开更多
文摘COVID-19, a contagious respiratory disease, presents immediate and unforeseen challenges to people worldwide. Moreover, its transmission rapidly extends globally due to its viral transmissibility, emergence of novel strains (variants), absence of immunity, and human unawareness. This framework introduces a revised epidemic model, drawing upon mathematical principles. This model incorporates a modified vaccination and lockdown approach to comprehensively depict an epidemics transmission, containment, and decision-making processes within a community. This study aims to provide policymakers with precise information on real-world situations to assist them in making informed decisions about the implementation of lockdown strategies, maintenance variables, and vaccine availability. The suggested model has conducted stability analysis, strength number analysis, and first and second-order derivative analysis of the Lyapunov function and has established the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the proposed models. We examine the combined effects of an effective vaccination campaign and non-pharmaceutical measures such as lockdowns and states of emergency. We rely on the results of this research to assist policymakers in various countries in eradicating the illness by developing more innovative measures to control the outbreak.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82041023 and 81773546)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2020-I2M-1-001)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Fund for Influenza Pandemic Response and Public Health Emergency System(2021P062QG008)the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(2021P057QG006)the Special Fund for Health Development Research of Beijing(2021-1G-3013)。
文摘目的探究非药物干预对儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的临床特征的影响,为疫情放开后预防呼吸道合胞病毒感染提供依据。方法选取2018年至2021年期间我院住院患儿中确诊为RSV感染者960名,按时间分为无非药物干预期间(2018年至2019年)和非药物性干预(non-pharmaceutical interventions,NPIs)期间(2020年至2021年)两组,收集两组患儿的病例信息,分析两组临床特征情况。结果共有960例患儿,其中无NPIs期间400例,NPIs期间560例,<6月龄组儿童发病率最高(54.3%),重症率为4.2%,无死亡病例。无NPIs期间RSV感染全年散发,NPIs期间RSV感染率随NPIs执行程度变化而变化,无明显季节性变化。无NPIs期间患儿喘息的发生率较高(43.8%vs 37.1%)、患肺炎比例较高(73.0%vs 65.7%)、淋巴细胞百分比,血小板计数、血红蛋白及谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转移酶的异常频率所占比例较高,住院天数较长[(5.4±1.6)d vs(5.1±1.6)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无NPIs期间RSV感染患儿呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)较高,达峰时间比(time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time,TPEF/TE)、达峰容积比(volume to peak expiratory flow as a proportion of exhaled volume,VPEF/VE)较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),重症发生率两个时期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论NPIs期间RSV感染流行季节被扰乱,且RSV患儿的气道损伤较轻,两个时期重症率无变化。
文摘目的系统评价非药物干预(non-pharmaceutical intervention,NPI)对轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者抑郁的疗效和可接受性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据、维普和CBM数据库自建库至2024年1月6日发表的NPI治疗MCI患者抑郁的随机对照试验,采用Stata14.0进行网状Meta分析。结果共纳入55篇文献,涉及10种NPI。根据优选概率排名曲线下面积(surface under the cumulative ranking curve,SUCRA),疗效排名前3位的依次为认知行为疗法(cognitive behavioral therapy,CBT)、中国传统运动(Chinese traditional sport,CTS)和艺术疗法;可接受性排名前3位的依次为CBT、CTS和健康教育。结论CBT和CTS可能是改善MCI患者抑郁有效且易接受的NPI,可根据患者情况制定个性化的干预以达到最佳效果。
文摘物质使用障碍(substance use disorder,SUD)是一个全球性的卫生和社会问题。针对大多数成瘾性物质,目前还没有有效的治疗药物,普遍还是采用心理治疗和行为矫治。近年来,针刺、深部脑刺激(DBS)、重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)、经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)和运动等非药物干预手段在治疗神经系统疾病的有效性逐渐得到重视。越来越多的研究也开始关注非药物干预手段在治疗SUD中的应用。本综述在文献检索(如PubMed、Google Scholar等)的基础上总结了针刺、DBS、rTMS、tDCS和运动等非药物干预手段对阿片类药物、精神活性物质、尼古丁、酒精等不同成瘾性物质的心理渴求、戒断时间、使用剂量和成瘾伴随的情绪、认知功能障碍等的影响。研究表明,针刺、DBS、rTMS、tDCS和运动等非药物干预手段可以有效降低成瘾性物质引起的心理渴求、降低物质摄入量、增加戒断时间,同时改善长期使用成瘾性物质引起的认知障碍、焦虑和抑郁样行为等。如果非药物干预手段结合药物、心理等治疗方式,效果更佳。尽管非药物干预方法在现阶段主要作为辅助性治疗手段,未来的研究应注重明确非药物干预手段的神经生物学机制,并完善非药物干预的技术方法。