Effect of inclusions on the formation of acicular ferrite in Ti-bearing non quenched-and-tempered steel

Nucleation of acicular ferrite and its influence factors in non quenched-and-tempered steel was studied by using TEM and thermodynamic calculation. The results show that the complex particles with a center made of Ti oxide, Al2O3, and silicate and an outside made of a small quantity of mixture of TiN and MnS are able to act as ferrite nucleation nuclei. The acicular ferrite percentage changes little with Ti. When the oxygen content was 80 ppm, the volume percentage of acicular ferrite decreased due to an increase in allotriomorphic ferrite. The larger the cooling rate and the shorter the incubation time, the finer the titanium oxide and the higher the nucleation ratio of acicular ferrite.

Development of non-quenched and tempered bolt steel

The 8.8 grade non-quenched and tempered bolt steel was studied according to the process conditions of wire rod plant and customer requirments.Three types of experimental steel grades were selected.10MnSiTi Nb and 20Mn2VTi(N) were chosen as the formal steel after several experimemts.

Analysis of microstructure and performance of temper bead welded joints for SA508-3 steel by Quenching and Tempering mode

The HAZ microstructure and performance of Quenching and Tempering mode temper bead welding and general welded joints which were made on SA508-3 steel of 60 mm thickness were compared in this article. The result shows that tempering sorbite which has excellent overall performance was obtained in both modes. The microstructure of Quenching and Tempering mode welded joints got more fine grain. Even though the hardness of tempering bead welded joints is higher than the general one,it still meets the standards which is lower than 350 HV. The impact absorbing energy of each district of tempering bead welded joints HAZ reached 170 J,which is equal to general one.

Theoretical calculation of the impact work in the alloying non-quenched and tempered steel

Coupled with hot-continuous rolling technology and based on the calculation of the finishing rolling impact work in the non-quenched and tempered Si-Mn steel, the calculations of the finishing rolling impact work in the alloying non-quenched and tempered steel with the elements of Cr, Ni, Mo, W, Cu, V, Nb and Ti are studied with the covalent electron number nA of the strongest bond in alloying phases, the smallest electron density difference ?ρ of phase interfaces, and the number of atom states σ (σ′) which keep the interface electron density continuous. The calculated results show that the finishing rolling impact work of the alloying non-quenched and tempered steel intensely depends on strengthening mechanisms. The solution strengthening, interface strengthening, precipita- tion strengthening of pearlite, and dispersion strengthening will result in the decrease of the finishing rolling impact work; the refinement strengthening, the precipitation strength- ening of V, Nb and Ti in α-Fe-C-V(Nb, Ti), and the residual austenite containing Ni on the boundary of α-Fe-C-Ni will increase the impact work; and the increments or decrements can be calculated with nA, ?ρ, σ (σ′) and weights of alloying elements. The calculation formulas of the finishing rolling impact work in this paper are intergraded with the sug- gested ones of the finishing rolling tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the non-quenched and tempered steel. The calculated results agree well with the measured ones.

Theoretical calculation of the finishing rolling impact work in non-quenched and tempered Si-Mn steel

Based on the hot-continuous rolling technology, the finishing rolling impact work α k of the non-quenched and tempered Si-Mn steel is theoretically calculated with the covalent electron number nA of the strongest bond in alloying phases, and the smallest interface electron density difference Δρ of alloying phase interface and the number of atom states σ which keep the interface electron density continuous. Calculations show that the solution strengthening, the precipitation strengthening, and the interface strengthening will result in the decrease of the finishing rolling impact work α k, and the effects of the number of atom states σ which keep the interface electron density continuous on the finishing rolling impact work α k are different. Taking the impact work and the number of atom states σ 0 keeping the electron density continuous of the phase interface α-Fe/α-Fe-C between α-Fe and α-Fe-C as reference values, the impact work of the interface will increase when σ of some interface is larger than σ 0; otherwise, the impact will decrease. Therefore, the finishing rolling impact work α k can be calculated with the impact value of the refined α-Fe matrix and the influence amounts caused by the solution strengthening, the precipitation strengthening, the interface strengthening, and the number of atom states σ which keep the interface electron density continuous. The calculated results agree well with the measured ones. In this paper, the effect of S on the impact work is also discussed.

Effect of Nb-V Microalloying on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel

Based on optical microscope(OM),transmission electron microscope(TEM) and mechanical performance measurement,the microstructures and mechanical properties of Nb-V micro-alloying non-quenched and tempered steels have been studied.The results showed that the microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite,in which there exists a lot of intragranular ferrite.Niobium carbide is the main form of carbonitrides,Nb-enriched carbonitrides refine grains,V-enriched carbonitrides have precipitation strengthening effect,which promotes the toughness of the studied steel.The mechanical properties for steels 1,2 and 3 have met the standards required by high load automobile crankshaft,in which the comprehensive property for No.2 is the best.

V(C,N)在V-N微合金非调质钢奥氏体中的析出动力学

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上采用应力松弛法,研究了38MnSiVS非调质钢在750~950℃、10%~40%变形量条件下的析出-时间-温度(precipitation-time-temperature,PTT)曲线。基于Dutta和Sellars提出的应变诱导析出模型(DS模型),建立了等温析出动力学模型,计算得到理论PTT曲线。通过与试验PTT曲线比较,得出模型对钢的析出鼻尖温度、析出开始时间和结束时间的预测较为精准。采用“时间补偿法”建立了连续冷却析出动力学模型,计算出连续冷却过程析出相的体积分数和平均尺寸,与透射电子显微镜和能谱分析结果基本一致,而且冷速的增大可抑制钒的析出,细化析出相,表明模型可以准确地预测钒微合金非调质钢的连续冷却析出过程。最后,通过析出强化增量计算得出,V(C,N)析出强化对38MnSiVS非调质钢强度的贡献较大。

V-Ti-N微合金非调质无缝油井管钢中碳氮化物的热力学计算

用包括奥氏体γ相和两个碳氮化物相三相溶解度间隙平衡处理的方法计算了V-Ti-N微合金非调质油井管钢中的碳氮化物析出.计算结果表明,此钢奥氏体中的析出模式为1473℃时TiN即开始析出;其后部分TiN逐渐转变为复合(TixV1-x)(CyN1-y)颗粒,而其他的TiN直到低温仍保持其化学性质;最后富V-C的V(CxN1-x)在846℃开始析出.实验数据验证了这种析出模式.计算结果支持了中碳含钒微合金钢中800℃以下奥氏体中的析出对其后的奥氏体分解相变具有明显的调控作用的观点.

Nb-V复合微合金化中碳非调质钢的连续冷却转变

利用Formastor-Digital膨胀仪测定了Nb-V复合微合金化中碳非调质钢的连续冷却转变曲线（CCT曲线）,并测定了不同冷速下实验钢硬度的变化。分析了不同Nb、V含量对中碳非调质钢连续冷却转变的影响。结果表明,随着Nb、V含量的增加,相变点温度随之降低,并使得转变过程中珠光体、贝氏体转变区域变宽,组织中相应的体积分数增加。冷速在0.08-1℃/s时,组织主要为铁素体和珠光体;当冷速大于2.5℃/s时,开始发生贝氏体转变,随着冷速的进一步增加,贝氏体含量越来越多,并在5℃/s时出现马氏体组织。Nb-V复合微合金化实验钢受冷速的影响较大,随冷速的增大实验钢的显微硬度也随之提高。冷速分别在10℃/s和30℃/s时,硬度突然增大。

C和N含量对V-N-Ti微合金非调质钢组织的影响

研究了C含量0．26wt％～0．42wt％及N含量0．0041wt％～0．021wt％变化对中低碳v—N—Ti微合金非调质钢锻态组织的影响。结果表明，C、N含量对V—N—Ti微合金非词质钢锻态组织中先共析铁素体的数量及分布存在显著影响。钢中的N含量一定，C含量约为0．33wt％时，组织中形成的晶内铁素体数量最多、组织最细小均匀；钢中的C含量一定，锻态组织中先共析铁素体的数量随着N含量的增加而增加，但N含量对先共析铁素体数量的影响要远小于C含量的影响。采用基于经典形核和长大理论模型计算所得析出动力学结果很好地解释了上述现象。

锻造工艺对铌-钒微合金非调质钢显微组织的影响

在Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机上对铌-钒微合金非调质钢进行热压缩试验,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了变形(锻造)工艺对试验钢显微组织的影响。结果表明:变形量为15%的低温(850℃)锻造能促进铌-钒非调质钢的组织细化,增加铁素体含量;减小冷却速率有利于先共析铁素体的生长,铌的加入使试验钢的再结晶终止温度提高,起到细化组织的作用,同时碳氮化物的析出促进了先共析铁素体的形成,使铌-钒微合金非调质钢的组织得到改善。

Nb对V-Ti复合微合金化曲轴用非调质钢组织、性能的影响

研究了 Nb对一种 V- Ti复合微合金化曲轴用非调质钢组织、性能和晶粒度的影响。结果表明 :加 Nb后组织细化、韧性提高 ,强度随铌含量的上升先降后升。根据实验室研究结果制定了工业生产的合金化方案、工艺流程 ,成功生产出实际晶粒度级别为 6～ 7级的 15 0～ 15 5 m m圆钢供用户制造曲轴 ,各项指标满足用户要求。

铁素体-珠光体型非调质钢强韧化技术研究进展

因省去了淬火、回火工艺,非调质钢具有节约能源资源的特点,使其受到广泛关注,在汽车工业等领域具有很大的应用潜力。从成分优化设计、控锻控冷技术及热处理技术等方面系统阐述了铁素体-珠光体(F-P)型非调质钢强韧化技术的国内外研究概况,重点探讨了控锻控冷技术对组织细化、碳氮化物及晶内铁素体(IGF)析出行为的影响,并对其强韧化技术研究的前景进行了展望。

转炉-炉外精炼-连铸生产的含硫非调质易切削高强度钢的切削性能

对转炉-炉外精炼-连铸生产的含硫非调质易切削高强度钢的切削性能进行了研究,用扫描电镜对钢中夹杂物以及切削性能提高的原因进行了分析。结果表明:纺锤形MnS及其以Al2O3、SiO2为核心的MnS复合型夹杂物是材料切削性能获得提高的主要原因。

V-N微合金化生产非调质N80石油管

采用V-N合金微合金化和控温轧制技术取代传统的调质生产方式,获得了具有稳定性能,满足APISpec5CT标准要求的N80级油井管产品。现场轧制实验表明:此技术是可行的,不仅简化了生产工序,而且降低了钢材成本。

Ca-Si处理对易切削非调质钢30MnVS中硫化物形态和成分的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和热力学计算,研究了Ca-Si变质处理对30MnVS钢(%:0.30～0.33C、1.40～1.60Mn、0.08～0.14V、0.065～0.090S)硫化物形貌和组成的影响。结果表明,随着Ca含量(0.001 2%、0.002 1%、0.003 5%、0.004 6%)的增加,团簇的杆状硫化物逐渐转变为均匀分散的球状硫化物,并且大多数球形硫化物中含有复合氧化物核心。其成分变化规律为CaO·3(Al_2O_3)·SiO_2-3(CaO)·6(Al_2O_3)·2(SiO_2)-6(CaO)·9(Al_2O_3)·4(SiO_2)-4(CaO)·3(Al_2O_3)·2(SiO_2),计算结果与实验分析结果基本吻合。

V-N对中碳SiMn非调质钢显微组织的影响

用光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了0.130%V-0.021 5%N、0.130%V-0.0304%N和0.001%V- 0.020 7%N三种V-N含量的(%)0.37～0.38C、0.82～0.92Si、1.78～1.81Mn、0.06 Ti、0.015Nb非调质钢的组织,用Gleeble 1500热模拟机测定了该钢的应力-应变曲线,并用JMatPro4.1软件计算了该钢的CCT曲线以及900℃和600℃平衡状态下钢中各相的含量。结果表明,该钢的组织为珠光体+先共析铁素体,随氮含量增加,珠光体增多,晶界铁素体变粗;随钒含量减少,珠光体数量显著增加,贝氏体及铁素体变粗;共析铁素体和先共析铁素体中的析出物尺寸≤3 nm;V和/或N含量高的钢,应变时应力大。

终锻温度对Nb-V-Ti微合金非调质钢显微组织和冲击韧性的影响

对比研究了经控锻-控冷处理的V—Ti和Nb—V-Ti微合金非调质钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明，Nb-V-Ti复合微合金化和控锻一控冷处理能有效细化组织，改善珠光体形态，促进V（C，N）相析出，提高非调质钢的冲击韧性。添加Nb显著提高抗奥氏体晶粒粗化温度，使细小碳氮化物弥散分布。与传统控锻一控冷工艺相比，850～900℃再结晶-未再结晶控锻-控冷工艺，使珠光体片碎化及部分球化，是导致V-Nb-Ti非调质钢冲击韧性提高的主要原因。

38MnVTi非调质钢的TTT曲线的测定与分析

研究了38MnVTi非调质钢在等温冷却过程中的奥氏体转变产物及转变量与时间的关系。通过Gleeble-1 500D热模拟试验机获得不同等温温度的膨胀曲线。采用膨胀法,通过Gleeble-1 500D热模拟试验机获得不同等温温度的膨胀曲线,再计算和运用Origin软件拟合得到38MnVTi非调质钢的等温转变曲线(TTT曲线)。结果表明:38MnVTi非调质钢渗碳体的析出温度为750℃、铁素体析出温度为840℃、马氏体析出温度为360℃以及马氏体转变终止温度为212℃。在540、510、480、430℃等温冷却条件下贝氏体的最大转变量分别为16.9%、26.8%、38.5%、55.3%。

100t EAF-LF-VD-CC流程冶炼非调质钢49MnVS3的工艺实践

10炉非调质钢49MnVS3(/%:0.46~0.48C,0.30~0.40Si,0.88~0.92Mn,0.001~0.014P,0.004~0.005S,0.09~0.10V,0.19~0.22Cr)由100 t EBT DC EAF-LF-VD-260 mm×340 mm坯连铸-Φ140~150 mm材轧制流程生产。采用兑入75%铁水,EAF前期脱磷至≤0.015%P,出钢前[C]为0.20%~0.30%,精炼时加150~200kg碳化硅,控制LF精炼渣碱度2.80~2.95,(CaO)/(Al_2O_3)=1.2~1.6,VD后喂1.5 m/t钙铁线,软吹时间≥15min等工艺措施,49MnVS3钢中[N]、[H]和[O]分别为130×10^(-6)~220×10^(-6),1.2×10^(-6)~1.5×10^(-6)和5×10^(-6)~11×10^(-6),成品材晶粒度≥5级,非金属夹杂物和低倍组织均≤1.5级,组织(带状≤1级)和力学性能(R_m803~883 MPa,R^(el)517~590 MPa,A 16%~21%,A^(KU)39~99 J)均满足标准要求。