South Pacific’s Non-Seasonal SSTs

In the western tropical South Pacific are found the highest SSTs of the year according to a classical world atlas. These temperatures are essentially no higher in the southern summer than in winter. Consequently an efficient heat balance mechanism for the surface layer occurs at all times: heat from absorbed solar radiation must be exported out. Between winter and summer, the area of highest SSTs more than doubles as indicated by the 80 F and 82.5 F contours moving south. When the areas decrease again it is proposed that a surge of warm surface layer water has exited the tropics by southward horizontal advection and is heading to mid and higher latitudes. This surge should take place to the west of a permanent wide warm surface current connecting the western tropics to the coast of South America that was proposed earlier based on two winter east/west hydrographic vertical sections at mid-latitudes. More observations are needed to confirm the conjectures.

2000-2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季植被覆盖度时空非平稳性特征

地表植被是土壤、水体与大气之间重要的连接物质。研究不同地理分区植被覆盖度(Fractional Vegetation Cover,FVC)时空非平稳性对区域生态环境保护与规划建设具有重要意义。基于MODIS13Q1 NDVI数据及其同期气象、地形、土壤、人类活动影响因子,明确不同地理分区FVC时空变化特征及其原因。结果表明:宁夏不同地理分区下的FVC差异显著,南部山区拥有较好的FVC水平。2000-2022年宁夏FVC呈现波动式增长趋势,南部山区FVC变化最为明显,平均增长速率为0.011/a。生长季多年平均空间格局分析说明宁夏高FVC主要集中在六盘山高山区、沿黄流域和清水河流域。23年间宁夏FVC低波动区域重点位于六盘山、沙坡头自然保护区、南华山以及吴忠市和银川市城建区域,中部干旱带高波动明显,Theil-Sen Median趋势分析显示南部山区增长趋势明显,引黄灌溉区有递减趋势,Mann-Kendall显著性检验说明宁夏越往南部FVC改善越显著,Hurst趋势进一步表明了南部山区和引黄灌溉区具有高持续特点,南部山区高山区、沙坡头自然保护区、甘城子以西、贺兰山石炭井、中宁县、贺兰县月牙湖乡等区域未来将维持稳定不变,沙坡头区香山一带反持续性显著,FVC有将会得到改善,贺兰山部分地区FVC较低且持续性较强有维持现状风险。宁夏不同地理分区FVC与影响因素时空非平稳特征明显,空间序列回归系数说明人类活动对FVC产生重要影响,时间序列回归系数说明了历史时期气候因素对FVC影响波动性大。该项研究可为宁夏不同地域生态保护、建设与可持续发展提供差异化对策提供参考。

Seasonal variation of nitrogen-concentration in the surface water and its relationship with land use in a catchment of northern China

Surface waters can be contaminated by human activities in two ways: (1) by point sources, such as sewage treatment discharge and storm-water runoff; and (2) by non-point sources, such as runoff from urban and agricultural areas. With point-source pollution effectively controlled, non-point source pollution has become the most important environmental concern in the world. The formation of non-point source pollution is related to both the sources such as soil nutrient, the amount of fertilizer and pesticide applied, the amount of refuse, and the spatial complex combination of land uses within a heterogeneous landscape. Land-use change, dominated by human activities, has a significant impact on water resources and quality. In this study, fifteen surface water monitoring points in the Yuqiao Reservoir Basin, Zunhua, Hebei Province, northern China, were chosen to study the seasonal variation of nitrogen concentration in the surface water. Water samples were collected in low-flow period(June), high-flow period(July) and mean-flow period(October) from 1999 to 2000. The results indicated that the seasonal variation of nitrogen concentration in the surface water among the fifteen monitoring points in the rainfall-rich year is more complex than that in the rainfall-deficit year. It was found that the land use, the characteristics of the surface river system, rainfall, and human activities play an important role in the seasonal variation of N-concentration in surface water.

Nitrous oxide emissions following seasonal freeze-thaw events from arable soils in Northeast China

Seasonal soil freeze-thaw events may enhance soil nitrogen transformation and thus stimulate nitrous oxide （N2O） emissions in cold regions. However, the mechanisms of soil N2O emission during the freeze-thaw cycling in the field remain unclear. We evaluated N2O emissions and soil biotic and abiotic factors in maize and paddy fields over 20 months in Northeast China, and the structural equation model （SEM） was used to determine which factors affected N2O production during non-growing season. Our results verified that the seasonal freeze-thaw cycles mitigated the available soil nitrogen and carbon limitation during spring thawing period, but simultaneously increased the gaseous N2O-N losses at the annual time scale under field condition. The N2O-N cumulative losses during the non-growing season amounted to 0.71 and 0.55 kg N ha 1 for the paddy and maize fields, respectively, and contributed to 66 and 18% of the annual total. The highest emission rates （199.2- 257.4 μg m-2 h-1） were observed during soil thawing for both fields, but we did not observe an emission peak during soil freezing in early winter. Although the pulses of N2O emission in spring were short-lived （18 d）, it resulted in approximately 80% of the non-growing season N2O-N loss. The N2O burst during the spring thawing was triggered by the combined impact of high soil moisture, flush available nitrogen and carbon, and rapid recovery of microbial biomass. SEM analysis indicated that the soil moisture, available substrates including NH4＋ and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, and microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） explained 32, 36, 16 and 51% of the N2O flux variation, respectively, during the non-growing season. Our results suggested that N2O emission during the spring thawing make a vital contribution of the annual nitrogen budget, and the vast seasonally frozen and snow-covered croplands will have high potential to exert a positive feedback on climate change considering the sensitive response of nitrogen biogeochemical cycling to the freeze-thaw disturbance.

Non-growing season soil CO_2 efflux and its changes in an alpine meadow ecosystem of the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China

Most soil respiration measurements are conducted during the growing season.In tundra and boreal forest ecosystems,cumulative,non-growing season soil CO2 fluxes are reported to be a significant component of these systems＇ annual carbon budgets.However,little information exists on soil CO2 efflux during the non-growing season from alpine ecosystems.Therefore,comparing measurements of soil respiration taken annually versus during the growing season will improve the accuracy of estimating ecosystem carbon budgets,as well as predicting the response of soil CO2 efflux to climate changes.In this study,we measured soil CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal changes for different altitudes during the non-growing season in an alpine meadow located in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.Field experiments on the soil CO2 efflux of alpine meadow from the Qilian Mountains were conducted along an elevation gradient from October 2010 to April 2011.We measured the soil CO2 efflux,and analyzed the effects of soil water content and soil temperature on this measure.The results show that soil CO2 efflux gradually decreased along the elevation gradient during the non-growing season.The daily variation of soil CO2 efflux appeared as a single-peak curve.The soil CO2 efflux was low at night,with the lowest value occurring between 02：00-06：00.Then,values started to rise rapidly between 07：00-08：30,and then descend again between 16：00-18：30.The peak soil CO2 efflux appeared from 11：00 to 16：00.The soil CO2 efflux values gradually decreased from October to February of the next year and started to increase in March.Non-growing season Q10 （the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10℃ increase in temperature） was increased with raising altitude and average Q10 of the Qilian Mountains was generally higher than the average growing season Q10 of the Heihe River Basin.Seasonally,non-growing season soil CO2 efflux was relatively high in October and early spring and low in the winter.The soil CO2 efflux was positively correlated with soil temperature and soil water content.Our results indicate that in alpine ecosystems,soil CO2 efflux continues throughout the non-growing season,and soil respiration is an important component of annual soil CO2 efflux.

肥胖儿童non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:了解non-HDL-C和remnant cholesterol与肥胖儿童亚临床动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关系。方法:根据甘油三酯(TG)水平将65例肥胖儿童(肥胖组)分为I组(TG≥2.3 mmol/L)32例,II组(TG<2.3 mmol/L)33例,与肥胖组儿童性别年龄相匹配的正常体质量儿童30例为III组(对照组)。比较3组儿童血脂指标,对肥胖组各项血脂指标与血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)进行相关性分析,肥胖患儿体质指数、血脂指标与颈动脉内径、内膜-中层厚度(c-IMT)、血流参数进行相关性分析。结果:I组、II组的TG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol、AIP均较对照组升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较对照组降低,且I组的remnant cholesterol、AIP均较II组升高。肥胖组儿童AIP与TG、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。37例行颈动脉超声检查的肥胖儿童的c-IMT较正常儿童的增厚。结论:non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol在肥胖儿童亚临床AS中有重要作用,在肥胖儿童血脂异常的治疗中应关注non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol的变化。

Trend and seasonal variations of atmospheric CH_4 in Beijing

The atmospheric CH\-4 in Beijing is still increasing, even though its increasing rate has significantly decreased from 1.76%/a during 1985—1989 to 0.50%/a during 1990—1997. The seasonal variation of CH\-4 concentration showed a double\|peak pattern, one peak appearing in winter and the other in summer. It is evident that the annually seasonal variations of atmospheric CH\-4 in Beijing are different. From 1986 to 1997, the atmospheric CH\-4 increased by 185 ppbv, 37% and 21% of which were due to the increase in winter and in summer, respectively. After 1993, the annually seasonal increasing rate of CH\-4 concentration in summer (due to emission from biogenic sources) is negative while the increasing rate in winter (due to emission from non\|biogenic sources) is positive about 25 ppbv/a. As a result, the increase of CH\-4 emission from non\|biogenic sources in winter is the major reason that caused the annually seasonal increasing rate from 1993 to 1997. The biogenic sources in Beijing are shrinking while the non\|biogenic ones (such as fossil fuel combustion) are enlarging.

Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer： a meta-analysis

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin（GP） in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： we performed a systematicsearch in the electronic databases such as Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database andWanfang Database up to 30 January 2017. Randomized controlled trials （RCT） of Shenqi Fuzheng Injectioncombined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were searched, and all the RCTs wereconducted on methodological quality assessment. Data extraction and data analysis were according to standards ofCochrane systematic review. Results： Eight trials were included including a total of 701 patients. Meta-analysisresults： Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy could significantly improve the functionalstatus of patients with NSCLC （OR = 3.44, 95% CI [2.26, 5.25], P 〈 0.0001） and clinical treatment efficacy （OR =（OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.20, 0.47], P 〈 0.0001. The rate of leukopenia （OR = .31, 95%CI [0.20,0.47], P 〈 0.0001）,thrombocytopenia （OR = 0.58, 95%CI [0.37, 0.91], P = 0.020）, hemoglobin decline （（OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.16,0.59], P = 0.0004） and incidence of gastrointestinal reactions （OR = 0.58,P 〈 0.05） could be reduced. Conclusion：Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC obtainedsignificantly clinical efficacy. The quality of the literature incorporated is low, the conclusion requires high-qualityresearch to further prove.

Seasonal variations of sulfur aerosols at Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica

Observations of atmospheric methane-sulfonic acid（MSA） and non-sea-salt sulfate（nss-SO4^2-） from December 2010 to November 2011 at Zhongshan Station are presented in this paper. MSA and nss-SO4^2- average concentrations were 24.2 ± 37.9 ng·m^-3（0.5-158.3 ng·m^-3） and 53.0 ± 82.6 ng·m^-3（not detected [n.d.]） - 395.4 ng·m^-3）, respectively. Strong seasonal variations of MSA and nss-SO4^2-, with maxima in austral summer and minima in winter, were examined. The high concentrations of sulfur compounds in December may be attributed the dimethyl sulfide（DMS） emissions from the marginal ice zone, when open water near the sampling site was important in impacting the sulfur species of January and February at Zhongshan Station. In austral winter, there was almost no phytoplanktonic activity in offshore waters, and atmospheric sulfur compounds likely had long-range transport sources.

Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Radiative Effects of Anthropogenic Sulfate Aerosol

On the basis of the emission data of the industrial sulphur dioxide (SO_2) and observed climate fields over East Asia, the distribution of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol(SO_4~2-) with seasonal variation in the troposphere is simulated and analyzed by a regional sulfur transport model, and the direct radiative effects of SO_4~2- under different weather conditions are also calculated using the discrete ordinate method. The results show that the concentration of SO_4~2- has significant seasonal and spatial variations resulting from the effects of SO_2 emission source and precipitation and wind fields. Both the concentration of SO_2 and its radiative forcing have the largest values in October and the lowest in July. SO_4~2- causes the decrease of the radiation flux absorbed by earth-atmosphere and the cooling of air temperature by scattering more solar radiation back into space. Besides, the radiative and climatic effects of SO_4~2- are related to the types and height and optical thickness, etc., of the clouds.

时序分解和CNN-LSTM相融合的月径流预报模型

针对常规模型无法充分提取径流序列复杂非线性特征信息的不足,提出一种基于局部加权回归周期趋势分解算法(STL)与卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)相融合的月径流预报模型。该模型首先利用STL将径流序列分解为趋势项、季节项和随机波动的余项,分解后的各分量序列输入CNN进行卷积运算和子采样层重采样,CNN输出的特征序列通过LSTM拟合时序关系后由全连接层输出径流预测值。以黑河流域讨赖河基准站的月径流数据为例,对比分析LSTM、STL-CNN、STL-CNN-LSTM三种模型的预测效果,验证结果表明:STL和CNN-LSTM相融合的模型预报误差最小、精度等级最高。该模型相较于直接对原始径流序列进行分析的常规模型,可以较为显著地提高月径流预测的能力。

Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure III: Discovery of Pyramid Effects with and without Seasonal Variation

Since October 2007, we have been conducting rigorous scientific research on the unexplained “power” of a pyramidal structure (PS). From our research results so far, we could classify the pyramid effects by the PS into the following two types. (i) The pyramid effects in which the PS converted the test subject’s unexplained energy to affect biosensors when the test subject entered the PS and meditated. (ii) The pyramid effects in which the potential power of the PS affected biosensors if the test subject had not been inside the PS for at least 20 days and the test subject’s unexplained energy was excluded. In this paper, we report new results regarding (ii). As a result of dividing a year according to the four seasons of winter, spring, summer, and autumn and analyzing the pyramid effect of each period, the following points were found. 1) There was a pyramid effect without seasonal variation. The pyramid effect on the lower and upper layers was different throughout the year for the biosensors placed at the PS apex in two layers, regardless of the season. 2) There was a pyramid effect with seasonal variation. The value of the psi index, which indicates the magnitude of the pyramid effect, changed as the seasons changed, while different pyramid effects were maintained on the lower and upper layers. Regarding the change in the pyramid effect depending on the season, the psi index in summer was larger than that in winter in both the lower and upper layers. From these results, we found that there are two types of potential power at the PS apex: seasonal potential power and non-seasonal potential power.

Analysis of Numerical Results in High Temperature Congealment and Chemistry Non-equilibrium Flow Field

Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved. In this paper, using internalequivalent heat area in place of electric are that created Ohm heat, the flow fields of thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry con-gealment and chemistry non-equilibrium in the plasma generator were simulated. The influences of the inlet prerotation angleof air, the inlet total pressure of air and the airflow compression angle of spray nozzle on the temperature on the surface of elec-

Turbulent Flow Action of Pulp in Wet - Laid Non - Woven Processes

The paper deals with the fluid field of web forming in wet-laid non-woven production.The influence of the turbulent flow on blending fiber and occluded fluid produced in pulp flow has been discussed in theory and practice.The suitable use of the imported velocity of pulp is very important in producing wet-laid products of good quality.

CYFRA 21-1 as an early predictor of first line chemotherapy response in advanced non small cell lung cancer

Objective： In an era of ever evolving, promising new therapies for advanced non small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, early predictors of response to therapy, are needed. We evaluated early variations in CYFRA 21-1 serum levels of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first line chemotherapy and correlated the results with objective tumor response. Methods： 29 consecutive, previously untreated, patients of advanced non small cell lung cancer, with measurable disease on CT scan were evaluated. All patients were treated with conventional systemic chemotherapy, although the choice of chemotherapy was left to the discretion of the treating physicians. Serum samples were obtained immediately before the start of 1st and 2nd cycles of chemotherapy. CYFRA 21-1 was measured with an electrochemiluminescense immunoassay on an automatic analyzer （Elecsys 2000; Roche Diagnostics）. Response was evaluated using Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors （RECIST） criteria. Results： 10 patients had partial response, 9 patients had stable disease and 9 had progressive disease. None of the patients had complete response. 21/29 （72%） patients had an elevated baseline value of CYFRA 21-1.62% patients （18/29） had a decrease in CYFRA 21-1 after 1 cycle of chemotherapy. The average reduction in the 2nd reading was irrespective of whether baseline value was normal or not. The average reduction was statistically significant （P = 0.002; 95% CI, from 0.8369 to 3.49464; t test）. 8 out of 10 （80%） patients with partial response had a reduction in their 2nd reading of. CYFRA （P = 0.019; 95% CI, from 0.81965 to 7.20035; t test） which was significant. We also observed that 6/9 （66%） patients whose disease remains stable also had a decrease in their subsequent reading （P = 0.0106; 95% CI, from -0.44942 to 3.82720; t test）, though it was not significant statistically. Although 5 out of 9 （55%） patients, who had an increase in their CYFRA 21-1 level, had progressive disease, but it was not statistically significant （P = 0.537; 95% CI, from -1.20021 to 2.13354; ttest）. 14 out of 19 （73%） who either had partial response or had stable disease, had a reduction in their 2nd value of CYFRA 21-1 and was significant statistically （P = 0.004; 95% CI, from 0.74792 to 3.50208; t test）. We also observed that except for 1 patient, all patients who had a decrease of 42% or more in their subsequent CYFRA 21-1 level, were those who had either responded to chemotherapy or had stable disease （P = 0.001）, which was statistically significant. Conclusion： We can conclude that monitoring of serum marker CYFRA 21-1, early dudng first-line chemotherapy may be a useful prognostic tool for evaluation of early tumor response in patients with advanced NSCLC.

MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2

Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant expressions of some microRNAs are associated with cancer progression.However,the roles and biological mechanisms of miRNA-16-5p in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are not to be well studied.Here,we validated that the expression of miR-16-5p was decreased significantly in NSCLC samples and cell lines.The correlation between the clinicopathological features of NSCLC and the miR-16-5p expression showed that the expression of miR-16-5p in non-small cell lung cancer was linked with the advanced TNM stage,positive lymph node metastasis,with short overall survival(OS).Also,a negative correlation between miR-16-5p and Fermitin family member 2(FERMT2)was observed,implying there may be a potential link about their regulation.The hypothesis was further confirmed by in-silico analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay.Moreover,we demonstrated that the transfections of miR-16-5p mimics could alter some biological characteristics of NSCLC cells remarkably accomplished by the expression variance of FERMT2 in vitro and in vivo assays.Summarily,this study demonstrated that miR-16-5p,as a tumor suppression factor in NSCLC by targeting FERMT2,could serve as one promising biomarker in the prediction for NSCLC patients.

Dynamic of Non-Autonomous Vector Infectious Disease Model with Cross Infection

In the article, we established a non-autonomous vector infectious disease model, studied the long-term dynamic behavior of the system, and obtained sufficient conditions for the extinction and persistence of infectious diseases by constructing integral functions.

呼吸道病毒流行特点及影响因素

呼吸道病毒常引起疾病流行或大流行,严重威胁人类健康、公共卫生和社会发展。呼吸道病毒由于变异较快,缺少有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物,防控难度大。在药物和疫苗研发滞后的情况下,非药物干预措施是预防病毒感染和传播的重要方式。深入了解呼吸道病毒传播和流行特点及其影响因素,是合理制定有效防控措施的前提和基础。本文对呼吸道病毒流行的3个显著特点,即空气气溶胶传播、季节性和病毒干扰现象的最新进展进行综述,对未来研究和合理防控措施的制定做了展望。

桑树中的1-脱氧野尻霉素含量变化规律研究

综合桑品种、桑树生长季节、桑树不同药用部位以及桑叶的不同发育阶段等因素探讨桑树(Morus L.)体内1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-deoxynojimycin,1-DNJ)的积累规律,期望发掘富含1-DNJ的生物资源。利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了18个代表性桑品种的摘芯芽和2个桑品种全年不同季节、不同发育时期的桑叶以及不同季节桑枝皮中1-DNJ的含量,并测定了与桑树亲缘关系相近的构树(Broussonetia papyrifera L.)等7种植物中的1-DNJ含量。在18个供试桑品种的摘芯芽中,1-DNJ含量以秋雨和沙2×伦教109最高,质量分数均达0.328 0%左右,黄鲁的1-DNJ含量最低。农桑14号和陕桑305两个桑品种冬、春季不同发育时期桑叶中的1-DNJ含量以冬芽最高,质量分数分别达到0.345 3%、0.255 7%,在开叶期和叶片成熟期较高,在缓慢生长期较低;不同季节桑叶中1-DNJ的含量均是嫩芽>嫩叶>成熟叶>老叶,其中嫩芽和嫩叶中1-DNJ含量以晚秋最高,成熟叶中以夏季最高,而老叶中的1-DNJ含量以春季最高;桑枝皮中1-DNJ的含量以中秋和晚秋期较高,夏季最低。测定的7种非桑属植物均不含1-DNJ。结果说明桑树是富含1-DNJ的主要植物资源,其中在桑园管理过程可以大量获得的桑树摘芯芽以及桑树伐条剪下的桑枝(桑皮)中均富含1-DNJ,具有重要的开发利用价值。