UNIFORM ATTRACTOR FOR NONAUTONOMOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID WITH A NEW CLASS OF EXTERNAL FORCES

This paper is joint with [27]. The authors prove in this article the existence and reveal its structure of uniform attractor for a two-dimensional nonautonomous incompressible non-Newtonian fluid with a new class of external forces.

POSTBUCKLING RESPONSE OF CANTILEVER BEAMS OF NON-LINEAR ELASTIC MATERIAL SUBJECTED TO SUBTANGENTIAL FOLLOWER FORCES

This paper deals with the problem of the postbuckling response of a thin cantilever beam ofnon-linear material, subjected to subtangential follower forces. Based on the well-knownBernoulli-Euler bending moment-curvature relation, the proposed problem is reduced to a specialeigenvalue problem of non-linear differential equation. An approximate solution is achieved byusing a simple and very effective technique, which leads to reliable results even in the case of verylarge deflections. The initial postbuckling path depending on the subtangential follower forces inequilibrium is then obtained. Moreover, the individual and coupling effect of the subtangential fol-lower force, the material non-linearity and the beam slenderness ratio on the initial postbucklingpath are also discussed in detail.

Non-Linear Forces and Irreversibility Problem in Classical Mechanics

Restrictions of classical mechanics which take place because of holonomic constraints hypothesis used for obtaining canonical Lagrange equation are analyzed. As it was shown that this hypothesis excludes non-linear terms in the expression for forces which are responsible for energy exchange between different degrees of freedom of a many-body system. An oscillator passing a potential barrier is considered as an example which demonstrated this fact. It was found that the oscillator can pass the barrier even if kinetic energy of its mass center is below the potential barrier’s height due to non-linear terms. This effect is lost because of holonomic constraints hypothesis. We also explained how one can derive a system’s motion equation without the use of holonomic constraints hypothesis. This equation can be used to describe non-linear irreversible processes within the frames of Newton’s laws.

Evaluation of Flight Trajectory and Unsteady Fluid Forces on Kicked Non-Spinning Soccer Ball by Digital Image Analysis

This paper describes the experimental method for evaluating the flight trajectory and the aerodynamic performance of a kicked non-spinning soccer ball. The flight trajectory measurement is carried out using the digital image analysis. A centroid method and a template matching method are tested for the flight trajectory analysis using the artificial images generated by the data of a free-fall experiment. The drag coefficient obtained by the centroid method is better suited for the sports ball experiment than that by the template matching method, which is due to the robustness of the centroid method to the non-uniform illumination. Then, the flight trajectory analysis is introduced to a kicked experiment for a non-spinning soccer ball. The experimental result obtained from the stereo observation indicates that the S-shaped variation is found in the three-dimensional flight trajectory and in the side force coefficient during the flight of the non-spinning soccer ball.

NON-LINEAR FORCED VIBRATION OF AXIALLY MOVING VISCOELASTIC BEAMS

The non-linear forced vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beams excited by the vibration of the supporting foundation is investigated. A non-linear partial-differential equation governing the transverse motion is derived from the dynamical, constitutive equations and geometrical relations. By referring to the quasi-static stretch assumption, the partial-differential non-linearity is reduced to an integro-partial-differential one. The method of multiple scales is directly applied to the governing equations with the two types of non-linearity, respectively. The amplitude of near- and exact-resonant steady state is analyzed by use of the solvability condition of eliminating secular terms. Numerical results are presented to show the contributions of foundation vibration amplitude, viscoelastic damping, and nonlinearity to the response amplitude for the first and the second mode.

Driving Force Model for Non-pneumatic Elastic Wheel

In order to obtain good driving performance,a driving force model is presented for non-pneumatic elastic wheel.Brush model of pneumatic tyres is introduced and the deformations of elastic supports and tread are also taken into account.The longitudinal slip rate is redefined.The grounding pressure distribution of elastic wheels is analyzed and corrected according to speed,temperature and stiffness.Then rolling resistance equation is developed.Finally,simulation is conducted by software CarSim,and the results show that the estimated values are consistent with simulation values,especially at low longitudinal slip rate.The research can help to optimize design of non-pneumatic elastic wheel.

Electromotive Force Calculation of Fifteen-phase Induction Motors With Non-sinusoidal Supply

非正弦供电十五相感应电机基波磁动势正幅值与3次谐波磁动势负幅值不在同一位置时的叠加磁动势波形称为常规磁动势波形,此种情况下感应电动势的计算是该种电机电磁性能分析与优化设计的前提。与正弦磁动势或理想叠加磁动势不同,常规磁动势下电机的感应电动势与激磁电流相位因磁路饱和不再相差/2,为此提出把感应电动势作为激磁电流流控电压源的处理方法。鉴于电机每半个极下气隙磁密波形不再相同的情况,提出基于电机1个极距区域的拓展分布磁路法计算气隙磁密,进而求出基波感应电动势与3次谐波感应电动势。非正弦供电十五相感应电机样机的感应电动势计算值与实测值相互吻合,说明了拓展分布磁路法计算感应电动势有效且具有较高的准确度。

THE NON-CUTOFF BOLTZMANN EQUATION WITH POTENTIAL FORCE IN THE WHOLE SPACE

This paper is concerned with the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation for full-range interactions with potential force in the whole space. We establish the global existence and optimal temporal convergence rates of classical solutions to the Cauchy problem when initial data is a small perturbation of the stationary solution. The analysis is based on the time-weighted energy method building also upon the recent studies of the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation in [1-3, 15] and the non-cutoff Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system [6].

Generation of electromotive force in igneous rocks subjected to non-uniform loading

When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free rocks such as gabbro also generated this force, stronger than quartz-bearing rocks such as granite. This indicates that the piezoelectric effect of quartz and the electrokinetic effect of pore water do not make a large contribution toward generating the electromotive force. We focus on peroxy bond that is one of the abundant lattice defects in igneous rock-forming minerals. When mechanical loading deforms the lattice structure around this defect and breaks its bond, its energy levels change and act like an accepter. As an electron is trapped at this defect from a neighbor 02- site, a positive hole is activated there. They attempt to diffuse toward the unstressed volume through the valence band and are simultaneously affected by the attractive electric force with the electrons trapped in peroxy bonds. This leads to a polarization in the stressed volume and the generation of electromotive force between the stressed and unstressed volumes. Similar electromotive force may be generated in the Earth＇s crust where inhomogeneous stress/strain is changing.

Experimental Verification of the Theory of Non-Force (Information) Interaction

The work is devoted to the demonstration of the possibility of applying the formulas of information handling obtained in the theory of non-force interaction for the natural language processing. These formulas were obtained in computer experiments in modelling the movement and interaction of material objects by changing the amount of information that triggers this movement. The hypothesis, objective and tasks of the experimental research were defined. The methods and software tools were developed to conduct the experiments. To compare different results of the simulation of the processes in a human brain during speech production, there was a range of methods proposed to calculate the estimate of sequence of fragments of natural language texts including the methods based on linear approximation. The experiments confirmed that the formulas of information handling obtained in the theory of non-force interaction reflect the processes of language formation. It is shown that the offered approach can successfully be used to create systems of reactive artificial intelligence machines. Experimental and, presented in this work, practical results constitute that the non-force (informational) interaction formulae are generally valid.

非均匀电场中水颗粒介电泳运动规律的数值模拟

针对管式电场破乳设备中常用的环形电极结构,在采用理论分析、微观观测实验验证计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模型准确性的基础上,开展了非均匀电场中水颗粒介电泳运动特性的数值模拟研究,考察了电场参数、水颗粒尺寸参数、物性参数等对其运动的影响规律。结果表明,随着施加电压占空比的增大,水颗粒瞬时速度波动幅度先增大后减小,在占空比为50%时波动幅度最大,总体呈现波动式增大;随着电场频率增加,水颗粒平均速度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在电场频率为1000 Hz时水颗粒平均速度达到峰值,但总体来看电场频率对水颗粒平均速度的影响不大。水颗粒与环形电极中心距离减小时,水颗粒所处位置的电场强度和电场梯度增加,造成水颗粒平均速度迅速增大;水颗粒直径为0.3~1.0 mm时,随着水颗粒直径增大,介电泳力与阻力同时增大,但介电泳力作用更强,导致水颗粒平均速度增大。随着油相黏度增大,水颗粒速度快速减小,当油相黏度增大到大于50 mPa·s后趋于平缓。在介电泳力作用下,水颗粒向环形电极中心运动,促进了偶极聚结。该研究结果可为管式电场破乳设备的设计研制和优化提供理论依据。

论ICSID仲裁中临时措施的约束力

相较于国内诉讼中的临时措施,ICSID仲裁临时措施涉及仲裁公正性与国家主权之间的冲突,具体表现为中止国内刑事程序的临时措施与国家刑事管辖权的矛盾。考虑到这一特殊性,在ICSID仲裁临时措施的约束力问题上,应然的路径是赋予临时措施以约束力,同时对中止国内刑事程序的临时措施设定严格的发布条件,以实现两股利益的平衡。ICSID仲裁临时措施约束力的实然基础无法通过条约解释在ICSID规则框架内直接获取,但可以通过争端当事方在框架外承担的不得加剧争端的义务以间接建立。对于中止国内刑事程序的临时措施,ICSID仲裁庭在实践中已经采取谨慎态度,其限缩发布情形以及强调证据要求等做法,可以一般化为该类措施的限制性要件。

The Mechanism of Drag Reduction around Bodies of Revolution Using Bionic Non-Smooth Surfaces

Bionic non-smooth surfaces （BNSS） can reduce drag. Much attention has been paid to the mechanism of shear stress reduction by riblets. The mechanism of pressure force reduction by bionic non-smooth surfaces on bodies of revolution has not been well investigated. In this work CFD simulation has revealed the mechanism of drag reduction by BNSS, which may work in three ways. First, BNSS on bodies of revolution may lower the surface velocity of the medium, which prevents the sudden speed up of air on the cross section. So the bottom pressure of the model would not be disturbed sharply, resulting in less energy loss and drag reduction. Second, the magnitude of vorticity induced by the bionic model becomes smaller because, due to the sculpturing, the growth of tiny air bubbles is avoided. Thus the large moment of inertia induced by large air bubble is reduced. The reduction of the vorticity could reduce the dissipation of the eddy. So the pressure force could also be reduced. Third, the thickness of the momentum layer on the model becomes less which, according to the relationship between the drag coefficient and the momentum thickness, reduces drag.

Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for assessing liver fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease

AIM: To evaluate the performance of elastography by ultrasound with acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) in determining fibrosis stage in patients with alcoholic liver disease(ALD) undergoing alcoholic detoxification in relation to biopsy.METHODS: Eighty-three patients with ALD undergoing detoxification were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent ARFI imaging and a liver biopsy onthe same day. Fibrosis was staged according to the METAVIR scoring system. The median of 10 valid ARFI measurements was calculated for each patient.RESULTS: Sixty-nine males and thirteen females(one patient excluded due to insufficient biopsy size) were assessed with a mean alcohol consumption of 132.4 ± 128.8 standard drinks per week and mean cumulative year duration of 17.6 ± 9.5 years. Sensitivity and specificity were respectively 82.4%(0.70-0.95) and 83.3%(0.73-0.94)(AUROC = 0.87) for F ≥ 2 with a cut-off value of 1.63m/s; 82.4%(0.64-1.00) and 78.5%(0.69-0.89)(AUROC = 0.86) for F ≥ 3 with a cut-off value of 1.84m/s; and 92.3%(0.78-1.00] and 81.6%(0.72-0.90)(AUROC = 0.89) for F = 4 with a cut-off value of 1.94 m/s.CONCLUSION: ARFI is an accurate, non-invasive and easy method for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with ALD undergoing alcoholic detoxification.

Non-Simultaneous Failure of Ice in Front of Multi-Leg Structures

Because the multi-leg jacket structure is the major type of offshore structures in the Bohai Sea, the study of non-simultaneous failure of ice on multi-leg structures is important. However, the non-simultaneous failure has not been considered in engineering design until now, obviously resulting in costly design and notable waste. To resolve this problem, this paper, by means of analysis of experimental data, calculates the coefficient of the non-simultaneous failure for the double-pile structure, the square four-leg structure, the single-line multi-pile structure, and the conical structure, respectively, and provides some reference criteria for engineering design.

A New Navigation Force Model for the Earth’s Albedo and Its Effects on the Orbital Motion of an Artificial Satellite

In this paper, we developed a new approach of an analytical model to calculate the radial and transversal components of the acceleration due to the effects of Earth’s albedo. Its effects on the orbital motion of an artificial satellite are introduced. It is assumed that the satellite’s horizon is illuminated and the sun lies on the equator. The magnitudes of those components are obtained and their effects on orbital evolution have been tested for different satellites elements. The perturbations in orbital elements due to Earth’s albedo have been obtained using Lagrange Planetary equation in Gaussian form, in particular the case of LAGEOS satellite, have been found using this new analytical formalism.

Numerical Calculation of Dynamic Response for Multi-Span Non-Uniform Beam Subjected to Moving Mass with Friction

In order to simulate the coupling vibration of a vehicle or train moves on a multi-span continuous bridge with non-uniform cross sections, a moving mass model is used according to the Finite Element Method, the effect of the inertial force, Coriolis force and centrifugal force are considered by means of the additive matrices. For a non-uniform rectangular section beam with both linear and parabolic variable heights in a plane, the stiffness and mass matrices of the beam elements are presented. For a non-uniform box girder, Romberg numerical integral scheme is adopted, each coefficient of the stiffness matrix is obtained by means of a normal numerical computation. By applying these elements to calculate the non-uniform beam, the computational accuracy and efficiency are improved. The finite element method program is worked out and an entire dynamic response process of the beam with non-uniform cross sections subjected to a moving mass is simulated numerically, the results are compared to those previously published for some simple examples. For some complex multi-span bridges subjected to some moving vehicles with changeable velocity and friction, the computational results, which can be regarded as a reference for engineering design and scientific research, are also given simultaneously.

Study on Non-Collision Mineralizing Mechanism of Froth Cyclone

On the basis of the mineralizing mechanism of froth cyclone, this paper expounds that the froth cyclone flotation process is accomplished in a limited centrifugal field. The main feature of air bubble mineralizing in the froth cyclone is a synthetic mineralizing process, of which the non collision mineralization of minute air bubble separated out dominates, supplemented with the collision mineralization. Moreover, this paper points out that the hydrophobic separated out and centrifugal force strengthen the selectivity of fine coal particle, accelerate the flotation speed and improve the slime recovery.

NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THERMOELASTIC CIRCULAR PLATE WITH VARYING THICKNESS SUBJECTED TO NONCONSERVATIVE LOADING

The non-linear dynamic behaviors of thermoelastic circular plate with varying thickness subjected to radially uniformly distributed follower forces are considered. Two coupled non-linear differential equations of motion for this problem are derived in terms of the transverse deflection and radial displacement component of the mid-plane of the plate. Using the Kantorovich averaging method, the differential equation of mode shape of the plate is derived, and the eigenvalue problem is solved by using shooting method. The eigencurves for frequencies and critical loads of the circular plate with unmovable simply supported edge and clamped edge are obtained. The effects of the variation of thickness and temperature on the frequencies and critical loads of the thermoelastic circular plate subjected to radially uniformly distributed follower forces are then discussed.

A Modified Non-Uniform DMT Transceiver for the Digital Subscriber Line

A Non-Uniform Discrete-Multitone(DMT) transceiver can help mitigate the channel-noise enhancement,attributed to zero-forcing equalization (ZFE) technique,by splitting the channel frequency response into octave spaced subbands.This paper presents a novel quantitative analys is of the channel-noise enhancement in different subbands of the Non-Uniform DMT system.In order to improve the bit error rate(BER) performance,a modified Non-Uniform DMT transceiver is proposed.The BER performance of the modified Non-Uniform DMT system is compared with that of the Non-Uniform DMT and conventional DMT systems in a Digital Subscriber Line(DSL).