Application and Promotion of Non-pesticide Replacing High-toxic Pesticide Techniques and Its Benefit Analysis in Kunming City

[ Objective] The paper was to operate the application and promotion of non-pesticide replacing high-toxic pesticides techniques in Kunming City, and to analyze its benefit. [ Method ] Through application and promotion of frequency trembler grid lamps, sticking plate trapping technology, construction of treatment ponds for field waste vegetable leaves, standardized （accurate） cultivation techniques, cultivation techniques of disease-resistant varieties and diverse cultivation technologies, the promotion benefit of non-pesticide replacing high-toxic pesticides techniques was comprehensively investigated and evaluated. [ Result ] The appli- cation and promotion area of non-pesticide replacing high-toxic pesticides techniques in Kunming City during 2006 -2010 reached 94 667 hm2. The investigation on control efforts and quantitative analysis of cost/benefit showed that the beneficial result of application and promotion of non-pesticide replacing high-toxic pesticides techniques was higher than the direct benefit of application and promotion of traditional pesticide replacing techniques. This improvement innovated the traditional pesticide replacing method in replacement work of high-toxic pesticides, reducing the usage volume of pesticide in Kunming City. [ Conclusion] The application and promotion of non-pesticide replacing high-toxic pesticides techniques improved the economic, social and ecological benefit of replacement work of high-toxic pesticides, protected the agricultural ecological environment and promoted the sustainable development of agricultural production.

Complete stabilization of severely As-contaminated soil by a simple H2O2 pre-oxidation method combined with non-toxic TMT-15 and FeCl3·6H2O

The stabilization of severely As-polluted soil has been a challenge, especially for the extremely toxic As(Ⅲ) contaminants. In this study, soil with a high As concentration(26084 mg/kg) was availably stabilized by a H2O2 pre-oxidation assisted TMT-15(Na3S3C3N3 solution with a mass fraction of 15%) and FeCl3·6 H2O stabilization method. The results showed that the combination of the two stabilizers(i.e., TMT-15 and FeCl3·6 H2O) presented a better stabilization behavior than either stabilizer used individually. The use of the H2O2 pre-oxidation assisted TMT-15 and FeCl3·6 H2O stabilization approach not only converted the As(Ⅲ) to As(Ⅴ) but also reduced the toxic leaching concentration of As to 1.61 mg/L, which is a safe level, when the additions of TMT-15 and FeCl3·6 H2O were 2 mL and 0.20 g, respectively. Thus, using only a simple H2O2 pre-oxidation to combine clean stabilization with non-toxic stabilizers TMT-15 and FeCl3·6 H2O could render the severely As-contaminated soil safe for disposal in a landfill.

Insilico structural analysis of parasporin 2 protein sequences of non-toxic bacillus thuringiensis

The unusual and remarkable property of parasporin 2 of non-insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis is specifically recognizing and selectively targeting human leukemic cell lines. The 37-kDa inactive nascent protein is proteolytically cleaved to the 30-kDa active form that loses both the N-terminal and the C-terminal segments. Accumulated cytological and biochemical observations on parasporin-2 imply that the protein is a pore-forming toxin. To confirm the hypothesis, insilico analysis was performed using homology modeling. The resulting model of parasporin 2 protein is unusually elongated and mainly comprises long β-strands aligned with its long axis. It is similar to aerolysin-type β-pore-forming toxins, which strongly reinforce the pore-forming hypothesis. The molecule can be divided into three domains. Domain 1, comprising a small β-sheet sandwiched by short α-helices, is probably the target-binding module. Two other domains are both β-sandwiches and thought to be involved in oligomerization and pore formation. Domain 2 has a putative channel-forming β-hairpin characteristic of aerolysin-type toxins. The surface of the protein has an extensive track of exposed side chains of serine and threonine residues. The track might orient the molecule on the cell membrane when domain 1 binds to the target until oligomerization and pore formation are initiated. The β-hairpin has such a tight structure that it seems unlikely to reform as postulated in a recent model of pore formation developed for aerolysin-type toxins. Parasporin 2 (Accession no: BAD35170) protein sequence analysis indicated two different domains namely, aerolysin toxin and clostridium toxin domain based on different database searches (CDD and Pfam). It showed a close similarity with the available PDB template (PDB id: 2ZTB) of parasporin which has cytocidal activity against MOLT-4, HL60 and Jurkat cell lines. Based on the PSI Blast analysis, 3D structures of the domains were predicted by using Swiss model server. Accuracy of the prediction of 3D structure of different domains of parasporin protein was further validated by Ramachandran plot and PROCHECK (G-value). The structure is dominated by β-strands (67%, S1-12), most of which are remarkably extensive, running all or most of the longer axis of the molecule. This study helped to elucidate the 3D structure of parasporin 2 (Acc. No. BAD35170) which might enable to probe further its specific mechanism of action. Though the similarity is observed in the domain architecture, there is variation in the regions of the domains even among the same group of parasporin 2. Docking of this model structure and experimental structure with specific receptors of the cancer cells will facilitate to explore mechanism of parasporin 2 action and also provide information about its evolutionary relationship with toxic Cry proteins.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis related to AP(pemetrexed plus cisplatin)and gefitinib combination therapy in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

Toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN) is a rare acute life-threatening mucocutaneous disorder that is mostly drug-related(80%-95%). It is clinically characterized as a widespread sloughing of the skin and mucosa. AP regimen(pemetrexed plus cisplatin) has been the preferred first-line chemotherapy for metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Gefitinib, a small-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI), has already been recommended as a first-line treatment in EGFR-mutant metastatic NSCLC. We report rare presentation of TEN involving adverse effects of AP and gefitinib combination treatment in a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC harboring an EGFR mutation. On the 21 st day after administration of the first cycle of AP regimen and the 8th day after the initiation of gefitinib treatment, she developed an acne-like rash, oral ulcer, and conjunctivitis, which later became blisters and ultimately denuded. The characteristic clinical courses were decisive for the diagnosis of TEN. Treatment with systemic steroids and immunoglobulin as well as supportive treatment led to an improvement of her general condition and a remarkable recovery.

Predictive Factors of Severe Toxicities of Pemetrexed-Containing Chemotherapy in Patients with Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is an efficacious multi-targeted antifolate with acceptable toxicities for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-Sq NSCLC). However, in the clinical setting, PEM has more severe adverse effects than those reported. The aim of this study was to identify the factors for the toxicities of PEM-containing chemotherapy in non-Sq NSCLC patients in the clinical setting. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the factors related to PEM toxicities in chemotherapy-naive patients with non-Sq NSCLC from September 2009 to July 2013 at our hospital. Logistic regression model was used in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: In total, 104 patients were analyzed. Grades 3 to 5 hematologic toxicities were frequent and included neutropenia (42%), febrile neutropenia (7%), anemia (18%), thrombocytopenia (17%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (2%). On multivariate analyses, the predictors were poor performance status (PS) [odds ratio (OR): 4.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22 - 19.4] and low body mass index (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.98) for febrile neutropenia;concomitant chronic infectious disease (OR: 6.63, 95% CI: 1.59 - 27.5) and bevacizumab use (OR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.36 - 9.32) for neutropenia;poor PS (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.33 - 6.85) for thrombocytopenia;and low serum albumin level (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.63) for non-hematologic toxicities. Conclusions: In addition to the previously reported predictors of PEM toxicities, the presence of concomitant chronic infectious disease was associated with hematologic toxicities. Patient groups who are not sufficiently evaluated in clinical trials should be carefully monitored for the development of more toxicities than expected.

Phase I Study to Determine MTD of Docetaxel and Cisplatin with Concurrent Radiation Therapy for Stage Ⅲ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective： To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose （MTD） of docetaxel （DCT） and cisplatin （DDP） concurrently with three dimensional （3D） conformal radiotherapy or IMRT for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer （stage IIIa and IIIb） after 2–4 cycles of induction chemotherapy. Methods： Fourteen patients with histological/cytological proven stage III non–small-cell lung cancer were eligible. 3D or IMRT radiotherapy （60-70Gy in 30-35 fractions, 6-7weeks, 2 Gy/fraction） was delivered concurrently with cisplatin and docetaxel, 2 cycles during concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT）. The level I dosage was composed of 56 mg/m2 DCT, on day 1 and 28mg/m2 DDP, on day 1 and day 2. The level II was composed of 60 mg/m2 DCT, on day 1 and 30 mg/ m2 DDP, on day 1 and day 2. The level III was composed of 64 mg/m2 DCT, on day 1 and 32 mg/ m2 DDP, on day 1 and day 2. Results： Fourteen patients were allocated and finished concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The dose-limiting neutropenia was at the dose Level III （64 mg/m2） and occurred in 2 of 5 patients. No dose limiting non-hematologic or hematologic toxicity occurred in the other patients. Conclusions： Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer may tolerate 60mg/m2 docetaxel and 60mg/m2 cisplatin for 2 cycles during concurrent radiotherapy after 2-3 cycles of induction chemotherapy.

Modeling diseases of noncoding unstable repeat expansions using mutant pluripotent stem cells

Pathogenic mutations involving DNA repeat expansions are responsible for over 20 different neuronal and neuromuscular diseases. All result from expanded tracts of repetitive DNA sequences(mostly microsatellites) that become unstable beyond a critical length whentransmitted across generations. Nearly all are inherited as autosomal dominant conditions and are typically associated with anticipation. Pathologic unstable repeat expansions can be classified according to their length, repeat sequence, gene location and underlying pathologic mechanisms. This review summarizes the current contribution of mutant pluripotent stem cells(diseased human embryonic stem cells and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells) to the research of unstable repeat pathologies by focusing on particularly large unstable noncoding expansions. Among this class of disorders are Fragile X syndrome and Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2, Friedreich ataxia and C9 related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia, Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy and potentially more. Common features that are typical to this subclass of conditions are RNA toxic gain-of-function, epigenetic loss-of-function, toxic repeat-associated non-ATG translation and somatic instability. For each mechanism we summarize the currently available stem cell based models, highlight how they contributed to better understanding of the related mechanism, and discuss how they may be utilized in future investigations.

Maligned non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:Misunderstanding of their safety profile in patients with renal insufficiency

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a fundamental and pivotal position in management of many of the disorders managed by rheumatologists.Promulgation of a false perspective of their toxicity has compromised our ability to advise our patients and participate in the management of their disorders. The literature sources, from which the false perspective derives, do not accurately reflect safety and fail to address the value of appropriate drug use monitoring.We, as rheumatologists, must stand up and proactively address engrained misconceptions-if we are to be able to continue to provide safe, effective care for our patients.

Using Novel Statistical Techniques to Accurately Determine the Predictive Dose Range in a Study of Overall Survival after Definitive Radiotherapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Association with Heart Dose

Purpose: Recent studies of radiotherapy (RT) for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have associated high dose to the heart with cardiac toxicity and decreased overall survival (OS). We used advanced statistical techniques to account for correlations between dosimetric variables and more accurately determine the range of heart doses which are associated with reduced OS in patients receiving RT for stage III NSCLC. Methods: From 2006 to 2013, 119 patients with stage III NSCLC received definitive RT at our institution. OS data was obtained from institutional tumor registry. We used multivariate Cox model to determine patient specific covariates predictive for reduced overall survival. We examined age, prescription dose, mean lung dose, lung V20, RT technique, stage, chemotherapy, tumor laterality, tumor volume, and tumor site as candidate covariates. We subsequently used novel statistical techniques within multivariate Cox model to systematically search the whole heart dose-volume histogram (DVH) for dose parameters associated with OS. Results: Patients were followed until death or 2.5 to 81.2 months (median 30.4 months) in those alive at last follow up. On multivariate analysis of whole heart DVH, the dose of 51 Gy was identified as a threshold dose above which the dose volume relationship becomes predictive for OS. We identified V55Gy (percentage of the whole heart volume receiving at least 55 Gy) as the best single DVH index which can be used to set treatment optimization constraints (Hazard Ratio = 1.044 per 1% increase in heart volume exposed to at least 55 Gy, P = 0.03). Additional characteristics correlated with OS on multivariate analysis were age, stage (IIIA/IIIB), and administration of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Doses above 51 Gy, applied to small volumes of the heart, are associated with worse OS in stage III NSCLC patients treated with definitive RT. Higher stage, older age and lack of chemotherapy were also associated with reduced OS.

Fixed Dose Rate versus Standard Dose Rate Infusion of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Comparing the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine at a fixed-dose rate (FDR) infusion (10 mg/m2/min) with the standard dose rate infusion in patients with locally advanced and metastatic non-small squamous cell carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods: The study randomized 60 patients with confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC to receive gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 given as a 30-min infusion (Arm A) or at a rate of 10 mg/m2/min (Arm B). Cisplatin 75 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on day 2 in both arms. Results: No difference in overall response rate (46.6% versus 43.3%). Median time to progression for Arm A was 7 months (95% CI, 6.207 - 7.793 months), versus 6 months for Arm B (95% CI, 4.990 - 7.010 months). Median survival time was comparable [12 months (95% CI, 8.588 - 15.412 months) versus 11 months (95% CI, 9.066 - 12.934 months)] respectively. Two-year survival (18% versus 11%, p = 0.38) was detected. No treatment related deaths occurred. Main hematological toxicities were grade I and II neutropenia, in 36.7% and 53.3% respectively (p = 0.044). Grade III anemia was observed in 10% and 6.7% in both arms respectively (p = 0.024). Grade I and II nausea and vomiting was observed in 50% and 46.7%. Conclusions: FDR gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin had equivalent efficacy and more severe hematologic toxicities compared to the standard 30-min gemcitabine infusion with cisplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Impact of Cardiac Dose on Overall Survival in Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) Compared to Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (LA-NSCLC)

Purpose: To examine possible association between heart irradiation and Overall Survival (OS) in lung SBRT patients and to compare observed associations with cardiac toxicity models previously derived in LA-NSCLC patient studies. Materials and Methods: 197 Patients treated with lung SBRT at Mayo Clinic Arizona were selected for this IRB-approved study. Multivariate Cox model with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select patient specific covariates associated with OS. Heart dosimetry was represented by VD indices, which is a percentage of volume exposed to dose D or greater. Multivariate Cox models with patient specific covariates and single VD index per model was used to find a range of doses which were predictive for OS. A digital subdivision of the heart was further used to determine the spatial distribution of doses which were predictive for OS. A coarse subdivision divided heart into 4 segments, while the fine subdivision divided heart into 64 segments. Knowledge constrained Fused Lasso operator was used to derive a more complete model which correlated heart dosimetry with OS. Results of statistical analysis were compared to predictions of a model of cardiac toxicity in LA-NSCLC patients. Results: Higher age (p < 0.001), higher stage (p < 0.001) and squamous cell histology (p = 0.001) were associated with reduced OS. Whole heart DVH analysis did not reveal associations between heart irradiation and reduced OS. Coarse subdivision of the heart into four segments revealed that the irradiation of two inferior segments of the heart with low doses was associated with reduced OS, V2Gy in the right-inferior segment (HR = 1.012/1%, p = 0.02), and V1Gy in the left-inferior segment (HR = 1.01/1%, p = 0.04). Maximum dose in the right-inferior segment of the heart was also associated with reduced OS (HR = 1.02/Gy, p = 0.02). Fine subdivision of the heart into 64 segments revealed that approximately 25% of heart volume in the inferior part of the heart (15/64 segments), when irradiated to doses in the 1 Gy - 5 Gy range, were predictive for reduced OS (HR = 1.01/1%, p = 0.01). A previously derived model of cardiac toxicity in LA-NSCLC patients did not predict a reduction of OS due to heart irradiation in lung SBRT patients, because of relatively low doses to the heart in most lung SBRT patients. Conclusions: Doses lower than 5 Gy in the inferior segments of the heart may be associated with reduced overall survival in patients treated for lung lesions with SBRT. Stage and histology of the disease, as well as patients’ age, were also associated with overall survival. Comparisons of cardiac toxicity patterns in LA-NSCLC patients and lung SBRT patients suggest different etiology of cardiac toxicity in the two groups.

硒对硼毒害下萝卜幼苗生理特性的影响

在明确不同浓度硒和硼对萝卜幼苗生长影响的基础上,进一步探索硒对硼毒害下萝卜幼苗生物量及活性氧代谢的影响,旨在为减轻萝卜幼苗硼毒害提供技术支撑。以‘雪单1号’萝卜为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置5个硒浓度(0、2.5、5、7.5、10μmol/L)和5个硼浓度(0、125、250、500、750μmol/L),研究叶面喷施不同浓度的硒和硼对萝卜幼苗生长的影响;在此基础上,选取2个硼处理(250、500μmol/L),通过叶面喷施清水和适量硒(5μmol/L),研究适量硒对硼毒害下萝卜幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,萝卜幼苗鲜重随叶面喷施硒和硼浓度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,萝卜幼苗适宜的硒喷施浓度为5μmol/L、叶面喷施硼浓度为500μmol/L时,萝卜幼苗出现中毒症状;与正常施硼(250μmol/L)相比,硼毒害(500μmol/L)显著降低了萝卜幼苗干物质重,增加了硼含量和硼累积量,降低萝卜幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,增加过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和丙二醛(MDA)含量。叶面喷施适量硒(5μmol/L),与无硒处理相比,硼毒害处理萝卜幼苗硼含量、硼累积量分别降低40.06%、37.36%,幼苗POD、CAT、APX抗氧化酶活性分别增加14.82%、17.45%、18.05%,非酶抗氧化物GSH、抗坏血酸(ASA)含量分别增加13.89%、5.88%,H_(2)O_(2)、MDA含量分别降低28.43%、20.45%。适量硒可以提高萝卜幼苗抗氧化作用,降低活性氧累积,减轻过量硼对萝卜幼苗产生的毒害,扩大植株对硼的适应范围。

基于传感器阵列和LightGBM-SR模型的危化品泄露监测方法研究

探索了使用传感器阵列和LightGBM-SR模型的危化品泄露监测方法,采用多个传感器实时获取危化品监测数据,并且采用非线性随机共振(stochastic resonance,SR)模型对监测数据调整获取特征信息。选取ExtraTrees、XGBoost、KNN和LightGBM模型作为研究对照模型,分别使用传感器阵列原始数据和SR调理数据对四种模型进行自主学习拟合,然后对测试集数据进行回归预测。研究结果证明未经非线性模型调理的原始传感器阵列监测数据与四种模型的匹配度有所不足。数据经非线性SR算法处理后代入训练,LightGBM-SR模型准确率由LightGBM模型的78.75%提升至98.34%,ExtraTrees-SR稳定性最佳但实际依然存在用时较长,XGBoost-SR和KNN-SR泛化能力与稳定性良好,但是平均准确率不高。LightGBM-SR模型展现了较高的平均准确率,更适合危化品泄露监测的应用场景。

A phase I study with Satraplatin and simultaneous chest radiation for non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction: Satraplatin has been given in combination therapy for lung cancer to utilize its radio-sensitizing properties. The optimal dose of satra-platin given concurrently with radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSC-LC) has not been defined. This phase I trial attempts to identify a maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicity (DLT) for Satraplatin given con-currently with radiation for locally advanced N-SCLC. Patients and Methods: 15 patients with histologically confirmed Stage IIIA/B NSCLC entered onto this study with four dose escalations (10 to 40 mg daily) of Satraplatin. Eligibility included patients with NSCLC and one of the following criteria: 1) previously untreated, inoperable disease and planned to receive radiation therapy to primary disease site;2) previously resected disease with mediastinal relapse;or 3) metastatic disease in no more than one distant site. Results: The most common toxicities reported were all grades of fatigue (n = 9), nausea (n = 9), constipation (n = 7), fever (n = 7), and vomiting (n = 6). No DLT at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd dose levels was identified. At the 4th dose level, one patient developed grade III elevation of liver function tests (LFTs) and a second patient developed grade III diarrhea with fever requiring hospitalization. There were 8 partial responses out of 11 evaluable patients for response (RR 67%). Conclusion: Elevated LFTs and diarrhea appear to be the principal DLTs of concurrent daily oral Satraplatin and thoracic radiation in the outpatient setting. The MTD of concurrent Satraplatin with thoracic radiation therapy appears to be 40 mg daily.

黄芩苷体外抗IBV QX株的作用研究

为研究黄芩苷体外抗禽传染性支气管炎病毒(Avian infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)QX株的效果,试验对IBV进行复壮与扩繁,制备原代鸡胚肾(CEK)细胞,并测定IBV对CEK细胞的TCID50和黄芩苷对CEK细胞的最大无毒浓度(MNTC);在MNTC基础上采用CCK法测定不同浓度黄芩苷对IBV的有效抑制率,观察不同浓度黄芩苷对IBV导致的CEK细胞的细胞病变效应(CPE)的抑制情况,并采用qPCR法测定不同浓度黄芩苷对IBV N基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明:成功复壮并扩繁了IBV,其未被其他病毒污染,对CEK细胞的TCID50为1×10^(-4.75)/0.1 mL;黄芩苷对CEK细胞的MNTC为9.75 mg/L;该浓度黄芩苷对IBV的有效抑制率最高,为64.03%,能有效减轻IBV对CEK细胞的CPE;各浓度黄芩苷均可以极显著降低CEK细胞中IBV N基因相对表达量(P<0.01)。说明黄芩苷对CEK细胞的MNTC为9.75 mg/L,该浓度黄芩苷具有较好的体外抗IBV QX株的作用。

不炼山造林白蚁危害调查及诱杀控制研究

不炼山造林是近年来推广的优良营林模式,但也可能因迹地剩余物增加导致白蚁危害加剧。为控制不炼山造林的白蚁危害,开展了多种白蚁诱饵剂、毒杀剂的复配,并进行了室内毒力测定和传递试验,筛选出的配方进行了林间防效试验。结果表明:(1)在相同条件下,不炼山造林样地幼林白蚁危害率(62.16%)显著高于炼山造林样地幼林白蚁危害率(27.88%)(P<0.05);不炼山造林样地的老树桩数量、树桩受害率、地面枯枝数量等均极显著高于炼山造林样地(P<0.01)。(2)幼林的白蚁危害程度与坡向、坡位显著相关,幼林受害株率由大到小依次为:北坡>东坡≥西坡>南坡,下坡位>中坡位≥上坡位。(3)配方Ⅰ(由慢性毒杀剂、微生物菌剂和昆虫生长调节剂等多种组分复配而成的毒剂粉包)对白蚁的毒杀效果好且毒效缓慢,半数死亡时间(LT_(50))为5.10 d,第10天白蚁死亡率可达100%。诱杀药包(配方Ⅰ)+饵料+竹筒构成的诱杀装置通过3 a的林间诱杀试验,白蚁危害株率比防治前下降显著,平均防效(危害减退率)达91.76%。不炼山造林的幼林白蚁危害严重,可依据白蚁危害率设置诱杀坑密度,每年埋设1次诱杀装置,能起到较长时间控制白蚁的作用。

塑料添加剂的环境迁移、毒性测试与风险筛查:进展与挑战

塑料和微塑料污染日益严峻,因此引发了对塑料添加剂释放现象的广泛关注,塑料添加剂在固废处置和回收过程中会大量向环境中释放。塑料添加剂种类繁多,功能多样,数量庞大,其复杂性使得其评估工作面临巨大挑战,尤其是目前塑料添加剂的风险评估工作尚未建立起完善的体系。本研究对现有塑料添加剂的释放迁移研究、毒性测试及风险预测方法进行梳理,并基于塑料添加剂在种类、功能、添加量、监管、数据可用性等方面对公开信息的塑料添加剂逐级筛查,最终从1万多种现有塑料添加剂中筛选出106种值得关注的未监管添加剂物质。然后综合以下4项危害性指标,包括基于QSAR模型预测的物质毒性作用方式和危害等级、各化学品机构评估的PBT/PMT性质(持久性、生物累积性、迁移性、毒性)、生态毒性数据可用性、是否纳入化学品未来评估计划(CoRAP,ECHA),使用毒理学优先指数(ToxPi)方法按照等权重计算综合得分并排序,通过层次聚类分析对其进行优先级分类,提出相应风险评估优先序和研究关注的建议。结果表明,这其中很多尚未监管的塑料添加剂物质的潜在生态风险可能被低估。最后,我们提出对微塑料未来的研究挑战应主要聚焦在填补危害数据缺口和技术方法空白,包括其迁移释放机制、环境转化、混合效应及对生态系统的潜在影响等方面。

ZnSe基蓝光量子点的中间壳层结构调控及其发光性能研究

ZnSe作为一种不含重金属的宽带隙量子点(QDs),近年来在蓝光量子点及其发光二极管器件领域受到广泛关注。然而,ZnSe基核壳结构蓝光量子点的核壳界面处通常存在较大的晶格失配,易于形成缺陷态捕获载流子,从而影响其光学性能。本文通过将均质的单层ZnSeS合金层替换为具有组分渐变结构的ZnSeS合金层,合成了具有径向方向Se/S浓度渐变梯度的ZnSeS合金中间壳层的ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS量子点,并利用X射线衍射谱、稳态光致发光光谱、时间分辨发光光谱、透射电镜和电致发光测试等表征手段研究了不同合金中间壳层对量子点结构、形貌和光学性能的影响。结果表明,所合成的具有组分梯度ZnSeS壳层的量子点的发射波长均为深蓝色(444.5 nm),发射线宽窄(<18 nm),尺寸均一,具有闪锌矿结构,结晶度高;随着ZnSeS合金中间壳层沿量子点径向方向组分渐变平滑度的不断提高,量子点的荧光量子效率(PLQY)和色纯度等光学性质依次改善,其中通过S原子扩散形成的具有线性缓变ZnSeS壳层的量子点具有最窄的发射线宽(15.8 nm)和最高的PLQY(20.7%)。利用这种具有最优荧光性能的量子点作为发光材料制备的发光二极管器件的最大外量子效率为1.8%,最高亮度为750 cd/m^(2)。本研究提出的量子点合成方案和结构优化策略有助于促进高质量无毒蓝光ZnSe基核/壳量子点的发展。

氟吡菌酰胺对非靶标生物的急性毒性效应

探究了氟吡菌酰胺对8种非靶标生物的急性毒性,以明确氟吡菌酰胺对环境生物的毒性风险。结果表明,氟吡菌酰胺对鸟、蜜蜂、家蚕、蚯蚓和鱼的毒性等级均为低毒,对赤眼蜂属于低风险,对水生生物大型溞和藻类的毒性等级均为中等毒。因此,在田间施用氟吡菌酰胺时,应注意对水生生物的保护,使用时远离水产养殖区,避免在水体中清洗施药用具。

慢性肾功能不全病人经济毒性调查及影响因素分析

目的:调查未透析慢性肾功能不全病人经济毒性现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用横断面调查研究方法,选取2023年10月—12月某三级甲等医院长期随访的未透析肾功能不全病人作为研究对象。应用一般资料调查问卷、中文版病人报告结局的经济毒性综合评分量表、社会支持评定量表、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表、恐惧疾病进展简化量表进行调查。结果:回收有效问卷176份,经济毒性得分为(19.02±8.95)分,慢性肾功能不全病人存在经济毒性。多元线性回归结果显示,家庭平均月收入、目前工作状态、社会支持总分、恐惧疾病进展总分是慢性肾功能不全病人经济毒性的影响因素(P<0.05),模型可解释总变异的61.1%。结论:慢性肾功能不全未透析病人经济毒性的发生率较高,提示临床医护人员需要精准识别高风险经济毒性的慢性肾功能不全病人,进而根据影响因素采取降低经济毒性的有效策略,对缓解慢性肾功能不全病人的经济毒性具有重要意义。