Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many facto...Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many factors, such as gender, posture and the patients’ mood. Only a few of these papers have actually measured and validated distance with patients. In this study, we validated our method of assessing mood and measuring distance before beginning a survey with patients. Methods: We measured comfortable interpersonal distance among men and women using an ecological scenario, in which a pharmacist approaches the subject, and the subject is asked to stop the pharmacist at the distance he/she feel comfortable with. Five pharmacists and 33 subjects participated in the study. The Japanese version of the Brief Mood Questionnaire Checklists (BMC-J) was used to quantify the subject’s mood for the day, and then the distance from the pharmacist that the subjects considered comfortable was measured at the bedside. The relationship between the mood and distance obtained was examined. Results: The comfortable distance of subjects was influenced by gender, posture, and mood. The shortest distance was 94.7 ± 11.1 cm (mean ± SD), for the male subjects versus the female pharmacists in the sitting position. The distance of male subjects shorted when they had positive emotions and lengthened when they were worried. Female subjects maintained a long distance from both male and female pharmacists when they had positive emotions and a short distance when they were worried. Conclusion: Findings show that the distance changes depending on the subjects’ mood at the time of measurement. It was found that the present measurement method can be used to determine the psychological state of the patient and measure the comfort distance at that time, and can be used as a simple method to examine these relationships. Therefore, it is also considered a practical method for the next step, which is a clinical study on patients.展开更多
Fuzzy entropy was designed for non convex fuzzy membership function using well known Hamming distance measure.The proposed fuzzy entropy had the same structure as that of convex fuzzy membership case.Design procedure ...Fuzzy entropy was designed for non convex fuzzy membership function using well known Hamming distance measure.The proposed fuzzy entropy had the same structure as that of convex fuzzy membership case.Design procedure of fuzzy entropy was proposed by considering fuzzy membership through distance measure,and the obtained results contained more flexibility than the general fuzzy membership function.Furthermore,characteristic analyses for non convex function were also illustrated.Analyses on the mutual information were carried out through the proposed fuzzy entropy and similarity measure,which was also dual structure of fuzzy entropy.By the illustrative example,mutual information was discussed.展开更多
Non-point source nitrogen loss poses a risk to sustainable aquatic ecosystems. However, non-point sources, as well as impaired river segments with high nitrogen concentrations, are difficult to monitor and regulate be...Non-point source nitrogen loss poses a risk to sustainable aquatic ecosystems. However, non-point sources, as well as impaired river segments with high nitrogen concentrations, are difficult to monitor and regulate because of their diffusive nature, budget constraints, and resource deficiencies. For the purpose of catchment management, the Bayesian maximum entropy approach and spatial regression models have been used to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of non-point source nitrogen loss. In this study, a total of 18 sampling sites were selected along the river network in the Hujiashan Catchment. Over the time period of 2008e2012, water samples were collected 116 times at each site and analyzed for non-point source nitrogen loss. The morphometric variables and soil drainage of different land cover types were studied and considered potential factors affecting nitrogen loss. The results revealed that, compared with the approach using the Euclidean distance, the Bayesian maximum entropy approach using the river distance led to an appreciable 10.1% reduction in the estimation error, and more than 53.3% and 44.7% of the river network in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, had a probability of non-point source nitrogen impairment. The proportion of the impaired river segments exhibited an overall decreasing trend in the study catchment from 2008 to 2012, and the reduction in the wet seasons was greater than that in the dry seasons. High nitrogen concentrations were primarily found in the downstream reaches and river segments close to the residential lands. Croplands and residential lands were the dominant factors affecting non-point source nitrogen loss, and explained up to 70.7%of total nitrogen in the dry seasons and 54.7% in the wet seasons. A thorough understanding of the location of impaired river segments and the dominant factors affecting total nitrogen concentration would have considerable importance for catchment management.展开更多
The role of three factors on the level of non- ionizing radiation is treated in this project: that of 1) the distance of the exposed body from the source, 2) the power of the source device and 3) the frequency of the ...The role of three factors on the level of non- ionizing radiation is treated in this project: that of 1) the distance of the exposed body from the source, 2) the power of the source device and 3) the frequency of the source. The important factor of time, as well as other factors, are not at all ignored in this manuscript. In this work I emphasise the rules of the relationship with this necessary contaminant, and that exposures towards it should be avoided as far as possible.展开更多
Taking advantage of the characteristic of distance field and octree, we brought up a method which can discrete any triangle-geometry into voxel. As many triangles used for cutting simulation are unoriented, non-manifo...Taking advantage of the characteristic of distance field and octree, we brought up a method which can discrete any triangle-geometry into voxel. As many triangles used for cutting simulation are unoriented, non-manifold or self-intersecting, which leads to ambiguity in mathematical terms. The algorithm firstly computes sign distance field and use the threshold value to reconstruct the surface, which is very close to the original mode. At last, the reconstructed surface is voxelized. Also we can produce voxelized model which is suitable for cutting simulation.展开更多
针对钻井过程中停钻工况下岩屑在钻井液中的沉降问题,以球形颗粒代替岩屑,以聚丙烯酰胺(Polyacrylamide,PAM)溶液代替钻井液,采用计算流体动力学-离散元法(Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)分别模拟了单...针对钻井过程中停钻工况下岩屑在钻井液中的沉降问题,以球形颗粒代替岩屑,以聚丙烯酰胺(Polyacrylamide,PAM)溶液代替钻井液,采用计算流体动力学-离散元法(Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)分别模拟了单颗粒和双颗粒在PAM溶液中的沉降过程,探究颗粒粒径和PAM溶液浓度对单颗粒沉降过程的影响,考察颗粒粒径和颗粒初始间距对水平排列的双颗粒沉降过程的影响,并简要分析了颗粒的受力情况。结果表明:单颗粒在PAM溶液中的沉降速度比在水中小,随粒径的增大而增大,随PAM溶液浓度的增加而减小;水平排列的双颗粒在沉降过程中受Magnus力和Saffman力的显著影响,颗粒间距越小,粒径越大,Magnus力的作用越明显;在沉降过程中,水平排列的双颗粒垂直下落速度大于单颗粒的沉降速度,且呈波动增长。研究结果可为钻井现场工艺实施、颗粒在黏性流体中的沉降机理及相关工程应用研究提供一定的参考。展开更多
文摘Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many factors, such as gender, posture and the patients’ mood. Only a few of these papers have actually measured and validated distance with patients. In this study, we validated our method of assessing mood and measuring distance before beginning a survey with patients. Methods: We measured comfortable interpersonal distance among men and women using an ecological scenario, in which a pharmacist approaches the subject, and the subject is asked to stop the pharmacist at the distance he/she feel comfortable with. Five pharmacists and 33 subjects participated in the study. The Japanese version of the Brief Mood Questionnaire Checklists (BMC-J) was used to quantify the subject’s mood for the day, and then the distance from the pharmacist that the subjects considered comfortable was measured at the bedside. The relationship between the mood and distance obtained was examined. Results: The comfortable distance of subjects was influenced by gender, posture, and mood. The shortest distance was 94.7 ± 11.1 cm (mean ± SD), for the male subjects versus the female pharmacists in the sitting position. The distance of male subjects shorted when they had positive emotions and lengthened when they were worried. Female subjects maintained a long distance from both male and female pharmacists when they had positive emotions and a short distance when they were worried. Conclusion: Findings show that the distance changes depending on the subjects’ mood at the time of measurement. It was found that the present measurement method can be used to determine the psychological state of the patient and measure the comfort distance at that time, and can be used as a simple method to examine these relationships. Therefore, it is also considered a practical method for the next step, which is a clinical study on patients.
基金Work supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projects Work(2010-0020163) supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology of Korea
文摘Fuzzy entropy was designed for non convex fuzzy membership function using well known Hamming distance measure.The proposed fuzzy entropy had the same structure as that of convex fuzzy membership case.Design procedure of fuzzy entropy was proposed by considering fuzzy membership through distance measure,and the obtained results contained more flexibility than the general fuzzy membership function.Furthermore,characteristic analyses for non convex function were also illustrated.Analyses on the mutual information were carried out through the proposed fuzzy entropy and similarity measure,which was also dual structure of fuzzy entropy.By the illustrative example,mutual information was discussed.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(Grant No.201503106)
文摘Non-point source nitrogen loss poses a risk to sustainable aquatic ecosystems. However, non-point sources, as well as impaired river segments with high nitrogen concentrations, are difficult to monitor and regulate because of their diffusive nature, budget constraints, and resource deficiencies. For the purpose of catchment management, the Bayesian maximum entropy approach and spatial regression models have been used to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of non-point source nitrogen loss. In this study, a total of 18 sampling sites were selected along the river network in the Hujiashan Catchment. Over the time period of 2008e2012, water samples were collected 116 times at each site and analyzed for non-point source nitrogen loss. The morphometric variables and soil drainage of different land cover types were studied and considered potential factors affecting nitrogen loss. The results revealed that, compared with the approach using the Euclidean distance, the Bayesian maximum entropy approach using the river distance led to an appreciable 10.1% reduction in the estimation error, and more than 53.3% and 44.7% of the river network in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, had a probability of non-point source nitrogen impairment. The proportion of the impaired river segments exhibited an overall decreasing trend in the study catchment from 2008 to 2012, and the reduction in the wet seasons was greater than that in the dry seasons. High nitrogen concentrations were primarily found in the downstream reaches and river segments close to the residential lands. Croplands and residential lands were the dominant factors affecting non-point source nitrogen loss, and explained up to 70.7%of total nitrogen in the dry seasons and 54.7% in the wet seasons. A thorough understanding of the location of impaired river segments and the dominant factors affecting total nitrogen concentration would have considerable importance for catchment management.
文摘The role of three factors on the level of non- ionizing radiation is treated in this project: that of 1) the distance of the exposed body from the source, 2) the power of the source device and 3) the frequency of the source. The important factor of time, as well as other factors, are not at all ignored in this manuscript. In this work I emphasise the rules of the relationship with this necessary contaminant, and that exposures towards it should be avoided as far as possible.
文摘Taking advantage of the characteristic of distance field and octree, we brought up a method which can discrete any triangle-geometry into voxel. As many triangles used for cutting simulation are unoriented, non-manifold or self-intersecting, which leads to ambiguity in mathematical terms. The algorithm firstly computes sign distance field and use the threshold value to reconstruct the surface, which is very close to the original mode. At last, the reconstructed surface is voxelized. Also we can produce voxelized model which is suitable for cutting simulation.
文摘针对钻井过程中停钻工况下岩屑在钻井液中的沉降问题,以球形颗粒代替岩屑,以聚丙烯酰胺(Polyacrylamide,PAM)溶液代替钻井液,采用计算流体动力学-离散元法(Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)分别模拟了单颗粒和双颗粒在PAM溶液中的沉降过程,探究颗粒粒径和PAM溶液浓度对单颗粒沉降过程的影响,考察颗粒粒径和颗粒初始间距对水平排列的双颗粒沉降过程的影响,并简要分析了颗粒的受力情况。结果表明:单颗粒在PAM溶液中的沉降速度比在水中小,随粒径的增大而增大,随PAM溶液浓度的增加而减小;水平排列的双颗粒在沉降过程中受Magnus力和Saffman力的显著影响,颗粒间距越小,粒径越大,Magnus力的作用越明显;在沉降过程中,水平排列的双颗粒垂直下落速度大于单颗粒的沉降速度,且呈波动增长。研究结果可为钻井现场工艺实施、颗粒在黏性流体中的沉降机理及相关工程应用研究提供一定的参考。
