In “The third speech on the wave mechanics” (1926), E. Schodinger pointed that the Hamilton-Maupertuis principle as a classical starting point of wave mechanics in the definition of generalized coordinate space line...In “The third speech on the wave mechanics” (1926), E. Schodinger pointed that the Hamilton-Maupertuis principle as a classical starting point of wave mechanics in the definition of generalized coordinate space line element, introduced the generalized non-Euclidean geometry, and finally obtained the wave equation including Laplace operator in the generalized non Euclidean geometry line element. At the 1927 meeting of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Albert Einstein read a paper entitled “Does Schodinger’s wave mechanics determines the dynamics of a system’s movement completely or only sence in statistics?”. In this paper, Einstein used the Schodinger equation to obtain a representation of the kinetic energy, and used the non-Euclidean line element of the Configuration space to define the velocity component of a single particle, and return to determinism. But Bothe pointed out that when people considered a system composed of two subsystems, the wave function of the whole system can be decomposed into two simple products of the wave function of the two subsystems, but the hidden variables are dependent on each other. Einstein be-lieved that this was not acceptable, gave up the publication of the paper on the non-European line hidden variables theory. In the long-term controversy with the Copenhagen school, Einstein was convinced that the probability interpretation of the wave function was indispensable because of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics, but not the wave function probability led to the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. Any attempt to seek a complete explanation of quantum mechanics is inevitable to change the current formal system of quantum mechanics.展开更多
Promotion is an essential element in the marketing mix. It is used by businesses to inform, influence and persuade customers to adopt the products and services they offer. Without promotion, business would be stagnant...Promotion is an essential element in the marketing mix. It is used by businesses to inform, influence and persuade customers to adopt the products and services they offer. Without promotion, business would be stagnant and lack substantial growth because the brands would have low visibility in the market. Moreover, today’s vast and assorted markets comprise of customers with different needs and varied behavior. So it is rarely possible for companies to satisfy all customers by treating them alike. Thus there arises a need to divide the market into segments having customers with similar traits/characteristics. After identifying appropriate market segments, firms can design differentiated promotional campaigns for each segment. At the same time there can be a mass market promotional campaign that reaches different segments with a fixed spectrum. Also since promotional effort resources are limited, one must use them judiciously. In this paper, we formulate mathematical programming problem under repeat purchase scenario, which optimally allocates mass promotional effort resources and differentiated promotional effort resources across the segments dynamically in order to maximize the overall sales obtained from multiple products of a product line under budgetary and minimum sales aspiration level constraint on each product under consideration in each segment. The planning horizon is divided into multi periods, the adoption pattern of each product in each segment is observed in every subinterval and accordingly promotional effort allocations are determined for the next period till we reach the end of planning period. The optimization model has been further extended to incorporate minimum aspiration level constraints on total sales for each product under consideration from all the segments taken together. The non linear programming problem so formulated is solved using differential evolution approach. A numerical example has been discussed to illustrate applicability of the model.展开更多
In order to solve the linear variable differential transformer （LVDT） displacement sensor nonlinearity of overall range and extend its working range, a novel line-element based adaptively seg- menting method for pie...In order to solve the linear variable differential transformer （LVDT） displacement sensor nonlinearity of overall range and extend its working range, a novel line-element based adaptively seg- menting method for piecewise compensating correction was proposed. According to the mechanical structure of LVDT, the output equation was calculated, and then the theoretic nonlinear source of output was analyzed. By the proposed line-element adaptive segmentation method, the nonlinear output of LVDT was divided into linear and nonlinear regions with a given threshold. Then the com- pensating correction function was designed for nonlinear parts employing polynomial regression tech- nique. The simulation of LVDT validates the feasibility of proposed scheme, and the results of cali- bration and testing experiments fully prove that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the state-of-art correction algorithms.展开更多
In this brief note, we adduce the logical rationale that if at least one infinite straight line non-intersecting with the given straight line passes through a given point not lying on a given straight line, then it mu...In this brief note, we adduce the logical rationale that if at least one infinite straight line non-intersecting with the given straight line passes through a given point not lying on a given straight line, then it must be unique.展开更多
提出了一种新的基于线性卷积积分(Line Integral Convolution)自动铅笔画生成方法。提出的方法改进了已有的铅笔画生成方法,首先利用基于图的图像分割方法实现快速有效的区域分割,其次提出一种新的基于区域的白噪声和纹理方向生成方法...提出了一种新的基于线性卷积积分(Line Integral Convolution)自动铅笔画生成方法。提出的方法改进了已有的铅笔画生成方法,首先利用基于图的图像分割方法实现快速有效的区域分割,其次提出一种新的基于区域的白噪声和纹理方向生成方法。实验表明提出的方法更接近于真实的铅笔画效果。展开更多
文摘In “The third speech on the wave mechanics” (1926), E. Schodinger pointed that the Hamilton-Maupertuis principle as a classical starting point of wave mechanics in the definition of generalized coordinate space line element, introduced the generalized non-Euclidean geometry, and finally obtained the wave equation including Laplace operator in the generalized non Euclidean geometry line element. At the 1927 meeting of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Albert Einstein read a paper entitled “Does Schodinger’s wave mechanics determines the dynamics of a system’s movement completely or only sence in statistics?”. In this paper, Einstein used the Schodinger equation to obtain a representation of the kinetic energy, and used the non-Euclidean line element of the Configuration space to define the velocity component of a single particle, and return to determinism. But Bothe pointed out that when people considered a system composed of two subsystems, the wave function of the whole system can be decomposed into two simple products of the wave function of the two subsystems, but the hidden variables are dependent on each other. Einstein be-lieved that this was not acceptable, gave up the publication of the paper on the non-European line hidden variables theory. In the long-term controversy with the Copenhagen school, Einstein was convinced that the probability interpretation of the wave function was indispensable because of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics, but not the wave function probability led to the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. Any attempt to seek a complete explanation of quantum mechanics is inevitable to change the current formal system of quantum mechanics.
文摘Promotion is an essential element in the marketing mix. It is used by businesses to inform, influence and persuade customers to adopt the products and services they offer. Without promotion, business would be stagnant and lack substantial growth because the brands would have low visibility in the market. Moreover, today’s vast and assorted markets comprise of customers with different needs and varied behavior. So it is rarely possible for companies to satisfy all customers by treating them alike. Thus there arises a need to divide the market into segments having customers with similar traits/characteristics. After identifying appropriate market segments, firms can design differentiated promotional campaigns for each segment. At the same time there can be a mass market promotional campaign that reaches different segments with a fixed spectrum. Also since promotional effort resources are limited, one must use them judiciously. In this paper, we formulate mathematical programming problem under repeat purchase scenario, which optimally allocates mass promotional effort resources and differentiated promotional effort resources across the segments dynamically in order to maximize the overall sales obtained from multiple products of a product line under budgetary and minimum sales aspiration level constraint on each product under consideration in each segment. The planning horizon is divided into multi periods, the adoption pattern of each product in each segment is observed in every subinterval and accordingly promotional effort allocations are determined for the next period till we reach the end of planning period. The optimization model has been further extended to incorporate minimum aspiration level constraints on total sales for each product under consideration from all the segments taken together. The non linear programming problem so formulated is solved using differential evolution approach. A numerical example has been discussed to illustrate applicability of the model.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863" Program)(2011AA041002)
文摘In order to solve the linear variable differential transformer （LVDT） displacement sensor nonlinearity of overall range and extend its working range, a novel line-element based adaptively seg- menting method for piecewise compensating correction was proposed. According to the mechanical structure of LVDT, the output equation was calculated, and then the theoretic nonlinear source of output was analyzed. By the proposed line-element adaptive segmentation method, the nonlinear output of LVDT was divided into linear and nonlinear regions with a given threshold. Then the com- pensating correction function was designed for nonlinear parts employing polynomial regression tech- nique. The simulation of LVDT validates the feasibility of proposed scheme, and the results of cali- bration and testing experiments fully prove that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the state-of-art correction algorithms.
文摘In this brief note, we adduce the logical rationale that if at least one infinite straight line non-intersecting with the given straight line passes through a given point not lying on a given straight line, then it must be unique.
