Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke:from brain to periphery

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.

Design and Experimental Research on Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism of Planetary Gear Train with Combined Non-circular Gear Transmission

Currently, transplanting mechanisms for dryland plug seedlings in China are mainly semiautomatic and have low efficiency. The rotary seedling pick-up mechanism with a planetary gear train for non-uniform intermittent transmission, and a concave and convex locking arc device, has a large rigid impact. To solve these problems, according to the design requirements for a dryland plug seedling transplanting mechanism, a rotary seedling pick-up mechanism of a planetary gear train with combined non-circular gear transmission of incomplete eccentric circular and noncircular gears was proposed. This has the characteristics of two-times greater fluctuation of the transmission ratio in a cycle, and can achieve a non-uniform continuous drive. Through analysis of the working principle of the seedling pick-up mechanism, its kinematics model was established. The human–computer interaction optimization method and self-developed computer-aided analysis and optimization software were used to obtain a set of parameters that satisfy the operation requirements of the seedling pick-up mechanism. According to the optimized parameters, the structure of the seedling pick-up mechanism was designed, a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created, and a physical prototype was manufactured. A virtual motion simulation of the mechanism was performed, high-speed photographic kinematics tests were conducted, and the kinematic properties of the physical prototype were investigated, whereby the correctness of the theoretical model and the optimized design of the mechanism were verified. Further, laboratory seedling pick-up tests were conducted. The success ratio of seedling pick-up was 93.8% when the seedling pick-up efficiency of the mechanism was 60 plants per minute per row, indicating that the mechanism has a high efficiency and success ratio for seedling pick-up and can be applied to a dryland plug seedling transplanter.

Failure behavior around a circular opening in a rock mass with non-persistent joints:A parallel-bond stress corrosion approach

The stability of underground excavations is influenced by discontinuities interspaced in surrounding rock masses as well as the stress condition. In this work, a numerical study was undertaken on the failure behavior around a circular opening in a rock mass having non-persistent open joints using PFC software package. A parallel-bond stress corrosion(PSC) approach was incorporated to drive the failure of rock mass around the circular opening, such that the whole progressive failure process after excavation was reproduced. Based on the determined micro parameters for intact material and joint segments, the failure process around the circular opening agrees very well with that obtained through laboratory experiment. A subsequent parametric study was then carried out to look into the influence of lateral pressure coefficient, joint dip angle and joint persistency on the failure pattern and crack evolution of the rock mass around the circular opening. Three failure patterns identified are step path failure, planar failure and rotation failure depending on the lateral pressure coefficient. Moreover, the increment of joint dip angle and joint persistency aggravates the rock mass failure around the opening. This study offers guideline on stability estimation of underground excavations.

Engagement of circular RNA HECW2 in non-autophagic role of ATG5 implicated in endothelial-mesenchymal transition

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndoMT) is associated with damage to blood-brain barrier(BBB) integrity.Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are highly expressed in the brain and are involved in brain diseases;however,whether circR NAs regulate the EndoM T in the brain remains unknown.Our study demonstrated that circH ECW2 regulated the EndoM T by directly binding to MIR30 D,a significantly downregulated miR NA from miR NA profiling,which subsequently caused an increased expression of ATG5.These findings shed new light on the understanding of the noncanonical role of ATG5 in the EndoMT induced by methamphetamine or lipopolysaccharide.The in vivo relevance was confirmed as microinjection of circHecw2 siRNA lentivirus into the mouse hippocampus suppressed the EndoMT induced by LPS.These findings provide novel insights regarding the contribution of circHECW2 to the nonautophagic role of ATG5 in the EndoMT process in the context of drug abuse and the broad range of neuroinflammatory disorders.

A NOVEL SEMI-ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM LONGITUDINALLY STIFFENED INFINITE NON-CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL SHELLS IN WATER

Based on the extended homogeneous capacity high precision integration method and the spectrum method of virtual boundary with a complex radius vector, a novel semi-analytical method, which has satisfactory computation efectiveness and precision, is presented for solving the acoustic radiation from a submerged infnite non-circular cylindrical shell stifened by longitudinal ribs by means of the Fourier integral transformation and stationary phase method. In this work, besides the normal interacting force, which is commonly adopted by some researchers, the other interacting forces and moments between the longitudinal ribs and the non-circular cylindrical shell are considered at the same time. The efects of the number and the size of the cross-section of longitudinal ribs on the characteristics of acoustic radiation are investigated. Numerical results show that the method proposed is more efcient than the existing mixed FE-BE method.

A Generalized Propagator Algorithm for Localization of Non-circular Sources Using Arbitrary Array Geometry

A propagator-based algorithm for direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of noncoherent one-dimensional(1-D)non-circular sources is presented such as binary phase shift keying(BPSK)and amplitude modulation(AM).The algorithm achieves DOA estimation through searching a 1-D spectrum,which is newly formed on the basis of the rank reduction criterion,and works well without knowledge of the non-circular phases.And then,a search-free implementation of the algorithm is also developed by using the polynomial rooting technique.According to the non-circular property,the algorithm can virtually enlarge the array aperture,thus significantly improving its estimation accuracy and enabling it to handle more sources than the number of sensors.Moreover,the algorithm requires no rotational invariance,so it can be applied to arbitrary array geometry and dispense with the high-complexity procedure of the eigen-decomposition of the correlation sample matrix.Finally,numerical simulations verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Design and Experiment of Non-circular Combined Gear Train Beating-up Mechanism

The most important performance of a beating-up mechanism is that the dwelling time of the sley must ensure the completion of the weft insertion. To meet this requirement, a new non-circular combined gear train beating-up mechanism which is composed of two-stage planetary gear trains is proposed. The first-stage is a Fourier planetary gear train and the second-stage is a non-circular planetary gear train. For designing of this new mechanism, the ideal kinematic equations of the sley are constructed first. Then the kinematic model of the first-stage Fourier planetary gear train is established and the reverse solution for the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears is deduced. With a computer-aided design program, the influences of several important parameters on the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears are analyzed, and a set of preferable structural parameters are obtained. Finally, a test bed of this mechanism is developed and the experimental results show that this new beating-up mechanism can achieve the designed dwelling time, namely it can meet the requirements of beating-up process.

ESTIMATION OF 2-D DOA USING NON-CIRCULAR MUSIC METHOD FOR UNIFORM CIRCULAR AND RECTANGULAR ARRAYS

This paper extends the Non-Circular MUltiple SIgnal Classification(MUSIC)(NC-MUSIC) method for the common array geometries including Uniform Circular Arrays(UCAs) and Uniform Rectangular Arrays(URAs),which enables the algorithm to estimate 2-D Direction Of Arrival(DOA).A comparison between UCAs and URAs of NC-MUSIC is made in this paper.The simulations show that the NC-MUSIC method doubles the maximum estimation number of standard MUSIC.Using non-circular signals,the performance of URAs is improved remarkably while the improvement of UCAs is not so significantly.Moreover,the influence of arrays structures on the NC-MUSIC method is discussed.

NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THERMOELASTIC CIRCULAR PLATE WITH VARYING THICKNESS SUBJECTED TO NONCONSERVATIVE LOADING

The non-linear dynamic behaviors of thermoelastic circular plate with varying thickness subjected to radially uniformly distributed follower forces are considered. Two coupled non-linear differential equations of motion for this problem are derived in terms of the transverse deflection and radial displacement component of the mid-plane of the plate. Using the Kantorovich averaging method, the differential equation of mode shape of the plate is derived, and the eigenvalue problem is solved by using shooting method. The eigencurves for frequencies and critical loads of the circular plate with unmovable simply supported edge and clamped edge are obtained. The effects of the variation of thickness and temperature on the frequencies and critical loads of the thermoelastic circular plate subjected to radially uniformly distributed follower forces are then discussed.

TRAJECTORY GENERATION AND CONTROL FOR NON-CIRCULAR CNC TURNING

A trajectory generation method which is based on NURBS interpolation is studied to improve the fitting accuracy and smoothness of non-circular cross section and obtain higher accuracy of the final non-circular profile control. After using the NURBS, the most optimized and smooth trajectory for the linear actuator can be obtained. For the purpose of machining the non-circular cross section by CNC turning, the fast response linear actuator has been used. The control algorithm which is compound control of proportional-integral-differential （PID） and iterative learning control has been developed for non-circular profile generation. By using the NURBS interpolation and the compound control of PID and iterative learning control, the final motion accuracy of linear actuator has been improved, therefore, the machining accuracy of the non-circular turning can be improved.

Non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate on layered transversely isotropic saturated ground

The non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate resting on a layered transversely isotropic saturated ground was studied. First, the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated soils were transformed into a group of governing differential equations with 1-order by the technique of Fourier expanding with respect to azimuth, and the state equation is established by Hankel integral transform method, furthermore the transfer matrixes within layered media are derived based on the solutions of the state equation. Secondly, by the transfer matrixes, the general solutions of dynamic response for layered transversely isotropic saturated ground excited by an arbitrary harmonic force were established under the boundary conditions, drainage conditions on the surface of ground as well as the contact conditions. Thirdly, the problem was led to a pair of dual integral equations describing the mixed boundaryvalue problem which can be reduced to the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind solved by numerical procedure easily. At the end of this paper, a numerical result concerning vertical and radical displacements both the surface of saturated ground and plate is evaluated.

Advancements in our understanding of circular and long non-coding RNAs in spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury(SCI),either from trauma or degenerative changes,can res ult in severe disability and impaired quality of life.Understanding the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms that underlie SCI is imperative to identifying molecular targets for potential therapy.Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs,including both long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)and circular RNAs(circRNAs),regulate various cellular processes in SCI.In this review,we will describe the changes in lncRNA and circRNA expression that occur after SCI and how these changes may be related to SCI progression.Current evidence for the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in neuronal cell death and glial cell activation will also be reviewed.Finally,the possibility that lncRNAs and circRNAs are novel modulato rs of SCI pathogenesis will be discussed.

Mathematic model and tooth contact analysis of a new spiral non-circular bevel gear

A novel spiral non-circular bevel gear that could be applied to variable-speed driving in intersecting axes was proposed by combining the design principles of non-circular bevel gears and the manufacturing principles of face-milling spiral bevel gears.Unlike straight non-circular bevel gears,spiral non-circular bevel gears have numerous advantages,such as a high contact ratio,high intensity,good dynamic performance,and an adjustable contact region.In addition,while manufacturing straight non-circular bevel gears is difficult,spiral non-circular bevel gears can be efficiently and precisely fabricated with a 6-axis bevel gear cutting machine.First,the generating principles of spiral non-circular bevel gears were introduced.Next,a mathematical model,including a generating tooth profile,tooth spiral,pressure angle,and generated tooth profile for this gear type was established.Then the precision of the model was verified by a tooth contact analysis using FEA,and the contact patterns and stress distributions of the spiral non-circular bevel gears were investigated.

Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates with Multiple Circular and Non-circular Cutouts

Cutouts are inevitable in structures due to practical consideration.In order to investigate the free vibration of functionally graded plates with multiple circular and non-circular cutouts,finite element method is used.The volume fraction of the material constituents is assumed to follow a simple power law distribution.The parameters considered in this paper are as follows：cutout size,cutout location,number of cutouts and different boundary conditions.It should be mentioned that free vibration for FG plates（such as rectangular？skew？trapezoidal？circular plates） with multiple cutouts has not been studied yet and hence the results out coming from this paper may be used as bench marks for future works.

Single-Layer Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Non-Uniform Metasurface for C-band Applications

A single-layer design of non-uniform metasurface(MS)based circularly polarized(CP)antenna with wideband operation characteristic is proposed and investigated in this paper.The antenna is excited by a truncated corner squared patch as a primary radiating CP source.Then,a non-uniform MS is placed in the same layer with the driven patch.Besides increasing the impedance bandwidth,the non-uniform MS also generates two additional CP bands in the high frequency band,leading to significantly increase the antenna’s overall performances.The use of non-uniform MS distinguishes our design from the other CP MS based antennas in literature,in which the MS is formed by multiple uniform unit cells and placed in different layer with the radiating element.For validation,an antenna prototype,whose overall dimensions of 0.94λ_(o)×0.94λ_(o)×0.06λ_(o) at the center operating frequency,is fabricated and experimentally tested.The measured operating bandwidth with|S11|≤−10 dB and AR≤3 dB is 27.1%(5.1–6.7 GHz)and the broadside gain within this band is from 5.7 to 7.2 dBic.Compared to the other related works,the proposed antenna has advantage of very wideband operation with single-layer design.

Calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears

According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.

AN INVESTIGATION ON METERIAL PROPERTIESOF NON-HOMOGENEOUS CYLINDRICALLYORTHOTROPIC CIRCULAR PLATES

It has been been reported that the reduced stiffness of non-homogeneous cylindricallyorthotrpic circular plate varing exponentially with radius r is obtained by using thebending theory of a simple beamThe aim of this paper is to verify the effect of radius on the materal properties According to the flat stress-strain relation the values of material properties E E andwhich are the functions of radius r are obtained.Compared with the experimentalvalues the analytical values of the material properties are in essential agreement withtem.

THE FIRST-ORDER APPROXIMATION OF NON-KIRCHHOFF-LOVE THEORY FOR ELASTIC CIRCULAR PLATE WITH FIXED BOUNDARY UNDER UNIFORM SURFACE LOADING (Ⅲ)──NUMERICAL RESULTS

ased upon the differential equations and their related boundary conditions givenin the previous papers[1, 2], using a global interpolation method, this paper presents anumerical solution to the axisymmetric bending problem of non-Kirchhoff-Love theoryfor circular plate with fixed boundary under uniform surface loading. All the numericalresults obtained in this paper are compared with that of Kirchhoff-Love classicaltheory[3] and E. Reissner's modified theory[4]

Effect of Foundation and Non-Homogeneity on the Vibrations of Polar Orthotropic Parabolically Tapered Circular Plates

The effect of Pasternak foundation and non-homogenity on the axisymmetric vibrations of polar orthotropic parabolically varying tapered circular plates has been analyzed on the basis of classical plate theory. Ritz method has been used to find the numerical solution of the specified problem. The efficiency of the Ritz method depends on the choice of basis function based upon deflection of polar orthotropic plates. The effects of different plate parameters viz. elastic foundation, non-homogeneity, taper parameter and that of orthotropy on fundamental, second and third mode of vibration have been studied for clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions. Mode shapes for specified plates have been drawn for both the boundary conditions. Convergence and comparison studies have been carried out for specified plates.

Role of exosomal circular RNAs as microRNA sponges and potential targeting for suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma growth and progression

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggressive primary liver cancer,which remains the third-commonest cause of cancer-related death despite the current therapeutic modalities.There is urgency in developing novel thera-peutic approaches,such as by manipulating extracellular vesicles,which con-stitute a highly heterogeneous nanoparticle population that contains various cargoes.These cargoes have a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and can modify the functional level of the recipient cells via their uptake by other recipient cells.Exosomal non-coding RNAs have particular evolving significance in HCC,such as circular RNAs,which have been found differentially expressed in normal hepatic and HCC tissues.The aberrations in their expression levels have a key role in the HCC development and progression and the overall prognosis.In this editorial,we will shed light on the emerging role of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC development and progression,focusing on the oncogenic or potentially tumor suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs.