Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)play key roles in development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence,invasion,and metastasis.Moreover,aberrant expressi...Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)play key roles in development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence,invasion,and metastasis.Moreover,aberrant expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)is significantly related to gastric cancer tumor stage,size,differentiation and metastasis.MiRNAs interrupt cellular signaling pathways,inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes,and affect the cell cycle in gastric cancer cells.Some miRNAs,including miR-21,miR-106a and miR-421,could be potential markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),a new research hotspot among cancerassociated ncRNAs,play important roles in epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.Several gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs,such as CCAT1,GACAT1,H19,and SUMO1P3,have been explored.In addition,Piwi-interacting RNAs,another type of small ncRNA that is recognized by gastroenterologists,are involved in gastric carcinogenesis,and piR-651/823represents an efficient diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer that can be detected in the blood and gastric juice.Small interfering RNAs also function in posttranscriptional regulation in gastric cancer and might be useful in gastric cancer treatment.展开更多
Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are members of the non-protein coding RNA family longer than 200 nucleotides.They participate in the regulation of gene and protein expression influencing apoptosis,cell proliferation and ...Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are members of the non-protein coding RNA family longer than 200 nucleotides.They participate in the regulation of gene and protein expression influencing apoptosis,cell proliferation and immune responses,thereby playing a critical role in the development and progression of various cancers,including colorectal cancer(CRC).As CRC is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide with high mortality,its screening and early detection are crucial,so the identification of disease-specific biomarkers is necessary.LncRNAs are promising candidates as they are involved in carcinogenesis,and certain lncRNAs(e.g.,CCAT1,CRNDE,CRCAL1-4)show altered expression in adenomas,making them potential early diagnostic markers.In addition to being useful as tissue-specific markers,analysis of circulating lncRNAs(e.g.,CCAT1,CCAT2,BLACAT1,CRNDE,NEAT1,UCA1)in peripheral blood offers the possibility to establish minimally invasive,liquid biopsy-based diagnostic tests.This review article aims to describe the origin,structure,and functions of lncRNAs and to discuss their contribution to CRC development.Moreover,our purpose is to summarise lncRNAs showing altered expression levels during tumor formation in both colon tissue and plasma/serum samples and to demonstrate their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for CRC.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the most popular non-coding RNAs in cancer rese...Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the most popular non-coding RNAs in cancer research. To date,the roles of mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have been extensively studied in GC,suggesting that mi RNAs and lnc RNAs represent a vital component of tumor biology. Furthermore,circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are found to be dysregulated in patients with GC compared with healthy individuals. Circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs may function as promising biomarkers to improve the early detection of GC. Multiple possibilities for mi RNA secretion have been elucidated,including active secretion by microvesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,highdensity lipoproteins and protein complexes as well as passive leakage from cells. However,the mechanism underlying lnc RNA secretion and the functions of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have not been fully illuminated. Concurrently,to standardize results of global investigations of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs biomarker studies,several recommendations for preanalytic considerations are put forward. In this review,we summarize the known circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs for GC diagnosis. The possible mechanism of mi RNA and lnc RNA secretion as well as methodologies for identification of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are also discussed. The topics covered here highlight new insights into GC diagnosis and screening.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer. METHODS: Two publicly available human exon arrays for gastric cancer and data for the corresponding normal tissue were d...AIM: To investigate the expression patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer. METHODS: Two publicly available human exon arrays for gastric cancer and data for the corresponding normal tissue were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We re-annotated the probes of the human exon arrays and retained the probes uniquely mapping to lncRNAs at the gene level. LncRNA expression profiles were generated by using robust multi-array average method in affymetrix power tools. The normalized data were then analyzed with a Bioconductor package linear models for microarray data and genes with adjusted P -values below 0.01 were considered differentially expressed. An independent data set was used to validate the results. RESULTS: With the computational pipeline established to re-annotate over 6.5 million probes of the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array, we identified 136053 probes uniquely mapping to lncRNAs at the gene level. These probes correspond to 9294 lncRNAs, covering nearly 76% of the GENCODE lncRNA data set. By analyzing GSE27342 consisting of 80 paired gastric cancer and normal adjacent tissue samples, we identified 88 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in gastric cancer, some of which have been reported to play a role in cancer, such as LINC00152, taurine upregulated 1, urothelial cancer associated 1, Pvt1 oncogene, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 and LINC00261. In the validation data set GSE33335, 59% of these differentially expressed lncRNAs showed significant expression changes (adjusted P -value < 0.01) with the same direction. CONCLUSION: We identified a set of lncRNAs differentially expressed in gastric cancer, providing useful information for discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is one of main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the prevalence of HCV-associated HCC is on the rise worldwide.It is particularly important and helpful to identify potential ma...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is one of main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the prevalence of HCV-associated HCC is on the rise worldwide.It is particularly important and helpful to identify potential markers for screening and early diagnosis of HCC among high-risk individuals with chronic hepatitis C,and to identify target molecules for the prevention and treatment of HCV-associated-HCC.Small noncoding RNAs,mainly microRNAs(miRNAs),and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)with size greater than 200nucleotides,are likely to play important roles in a variety of biological processes,including development and progression of HCC.For the most part their underlying mechanisms of action remain largely unknown.In recent years,with the advance of high-resolution of microarray and application of next generation sequencing techniques,a significant number of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)associated with HCC,particularly caused by HCV infection,have been found to be differentially expressed and to be involved in pathogenesis of HCVassociated HCC.In this review,we focus on recent studies of ncRNAs,especially miRNAs and lncRNAs related to HCV-induced HCC.We summarize those ncRNAs aberrantly expressed in HCV-associated HCC and highlight the potential uses of ncRNAs in early detection,diagnosis and therapy of HCV-associated HCC.We also discuss the limitations of recent studies,and suggest future directions for research in the field.miRNAs,lncRNAs and their target genes may represent new candidate molecules for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HCC in patients with HCV infection.Studies of the potential uses of miRNAs and lncRNAs as diagnostic tools or therapies are still in their infancy.展开更多
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unclear. The association of non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs) with cancer has been widely stu...Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unclear. The association of non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs) with cancer has been widely studied during the past decade. In general, nc RNAs have been classified as small nc RNAs, including micro RNAs(mi RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs). Emerging evidence shows that mi RNAs and lnc RNAs play key roles in the formation and progression of many cancers. In this review, we focus on the regulation of mi RNAs and lnc RNAs in gastric cancer. mi RNAs and lnc RNAs appear to be involved in gastric tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and in establishment of the gastric tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the possibilities of establishing mi RNAs and lnc RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Taken together, we summarize the emerging roles of nc RNAs in gastric cancer development and their possible clinical significance.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81171660Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.Y14C060003+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2012A610207The Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo,No.2011B82014The Project of Key Disciplines in Ningbo,No.XKL11D2127 and No.XKL11D2128Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology,No.201301K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)play key roles in development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence,invasion,and metastasis.Moreover,aberrant expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)is significantly related to gastric cancer tumor stage,size,differentiation and metastasis.MiRNAs interrupt cellular signaling pathways,inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes,and affect the cell cycle in gastric cancer cells.Some miRNAs,including miR-21,miR-106a and miR-421,could be potential markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),a new research hotspot among cancerassociated ncRNAs,play important roles in epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.Several gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs,such as CCAT1,GACAT1,H19,and SUMO1P3,have been explored.In addition,Piwi-interacting RNAs,another type of small ncRNA that is recognized by gastroenterologists,are involved in gastric carcinogenesis,and piR-651/823represents an efficient diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer that can be detected in the blood and gastric juice.Small interfering RNAs also function in posttranscriptional regulation in gastric cancer and might be useful in gastric cancer treatment.
基金Supported by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office,No.NVKP_16-1-2016-0004
文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are members of the non-protein coding RNA family longer than 200 nucleotides.They participate in the regulation of gene and protein expression influencing apoptosis,cell proliferation and immune responses,thereby playing a critical role in the development and progression of various cancers,including colorectal cancer(CRC).As CRC is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide with high mortality,its screening and early detection are crucial,so the identification of disease-specific biomarkers is necessary.LncRNAs are promising candidates as they are involved in carcinogenesis,and certain lncRNAs(e.g.,CCAT1,CRNDE,CRCAL1-4)show altered expression in adenomas,making them potential early diagnostic markers.In addition to being useful as tissue-specific markers,analysis of circulating lncRNAs(e.g.,CCAT1,CCAT2,BLACAT1,CRNDE,NEAT1,UCA1)in peripheral blood offers the possibility to establish minimally invasive,liquid biopsy-based diagnostic tests.This review article aims to describe the origin,structure,and functions of lncRNAs and to discuss their contribution to CRC development.Moreover,our purpose is to summarise lncRNAs showing altered expression levels during tumor formation in both colon tissue and plasma/serum samples and to demonstrate their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the most popular non-coding RNAs in cancer research. To date,the roles of mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have been extensively studied in GC,suggesting that mi RNAs and lnc RNAs represent a vital component of tumor biology. Furthermore,circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are found to be dysregulated in patients with GC compared with healthy individuals. Circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs may function as promising biomarkers to improve the early detection of GC. Multiple possibilities for mi RNA secretion have been elucidated,including active secretion by microvesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,highdensity lipoproteins and protein complexes as well as passive leakage from cells. However,the mechanism underlying lnc RNA secretion and the functions of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have not been fully illuminated. Concurrently,to standardize results of global investigations of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs biomarker studies,several recommendations for preanalytic considerations are put forward. In this review,we summarize the known circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs for GC diagnosis. The possible mechanism of mi RNA and lnc RNA secretion as well as methodologies for identification of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are also discussed. The topics covered here highlight new insights into GC diagnosis and screening.
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer. METHODS: Two publicly available human exon arrays for gastric cancer and data for the corresponding normal tissue were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We re-annotated the probes of the human exon arrays and retained the probes uniquely mapping to lncRNAs at the gene level. LncRNA expression profiles were generated by using robust multi-array average method in affymetrix power tools. The normalized data were then analyzed with a Bioconductor package linear models for microarray data and genes with adjusted P -values below 0.01 were considered differentially expressed. An independent data set was used to validate the results. RESULTS: With the computational pipeline established to re-annotate over 6.5 million probes of the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array, we identified 136053 probes uniquely mapping to lncRNAs at the gene level. These probes correspond to 9294 lncRNAs, covering nearly 76% of the GENCODE lncRNA data set. By analyzing GSE27342 consisting of 80 paired gastric cancer and normal adjacent tissue samples, we identified 88 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in gastric cancer, some of which have been reported to play a role in cancer, such as LINC00152, taurine upregulated 1, urothelial cancer associated 1, Pvt1 oncogene, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 and LINC00261. In the validation data set GSE33335, 59% of these differentially expressed lncRNAs showed significant expression changes (adjusted P -value < 0.01) with the same direction. CONCLUSION: We identified a set of lncRNAs differentially expressed in gastric cancer, providing useful information for discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer.
基金Supported by A grant from the NIH/NHLBI,No.HL117199Institutional funds from the Carolinas Health Care Foundation and Carolinas Medical Center
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is one of main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the prevalence of HCV-associated HCC is on the rise worldwide.It is particularly important and helpful to identify potential markers for screening and early diagnosis of HCC among high-risk individuals with chronic hepatitis C,and to identify target molecules for the prevention and treatment of HCV-associated-HCC.Small noncoding RNAs,mainly microRNAs(miRNAs),and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)with size greater than 200nucleotides,are likely to play important roles in a variety of biological processes,including development and progression of HCC.For the most part their underlying mechanisms of action remain largely unknown.In recent years,with the advance of high-resolution of microarray and application of next generation sequencing techniques,a significant number of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)associated with HCC,particularly caused by HCV infection,have been found to be differentially expressed and to be involved in pathogenesis of HCVassociated HCC.In this review,we focus on recent studies of ncRNAs,especially miRNAs and lncRNAs related to HCV-induced HCC.We summarize those ncRNAs aberrantly expressed in HCV-associated HCC and highlight the potential uses of ncRNAs in early detection,diagnosis and therapy of HCV-associated HCC.We also discuss the limitations of recent studies,and suggest future directions for research in the field.miRNAs,lncRNAs and their target genes may represent new candidate molecules for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HCC in patients with HCV infection.Studies of the potential uses of miRNAs and lncRNAs as diagnostic tools or therapies are still in their infancy.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaNo.2012CB945004,No.2013CB945603+16 种基金Natural Scientific Foundation of ChinaNo.31125017No.31190063No.31100975No.31301149 and No.31471259Ministry of Education of ChinaNo.20110101110103,No.20130101120001Natural Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang ProvinceChinaNo.LQ13H160013No.LY14C070001 and No.LY14C070002Zhejiang Province Key Science and Technology Innovation TeamNo.2013TD13Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNo.2014QNA7015the 111 ProjectNo.B13026
文摘Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unclear. The association of non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs) with cancer has been widely studied during the past decade. In general, nc RNAs have been classified as small nc RNAs, including micro RNAs(mi RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs). Emerging evidence shows that mi RNAs and lnc RNAs play key roles in the formation and progression of many cancers. In this review, we focus on the regulation of mi RNAs and lnc RNAs in gastric cancer. mi RNAs and lnc RNAs appear to be involved in gastric tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and in establishment of the gastric tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the possibilities of establishing mi RNAs and lnc RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Taken together, we summarize the emerging roles of nc RNAs in gastric cancer development and their possible clinical significance.
