Measurement Research Based on Bayesian Structural Equation Cognitive Model

The Bayesian structural equation model integrates the principles of Bayesian statistics, providing a more flexible and comprehensive modeling framework. In exploring complex relationships between variables, handling uncertainty, and dealing with missing data, the Bayesian structural equation model demonstrates unique advantages. Therefore, Bayesian methods are used in this paper to establish a structural equation model of innovative talent cognition, with the measurement of college students’ cognition of innovative talent being studied. An in-depth analysis is conducted on the effects of innovative self-efficacy, social resources, innovative personality traits, and school education, aiming to explore the factors influencing college students’ innovative talent. The results indicate that innovative self-efficacy plays a key role in perception, social resources are significantly positively correlated with the perception of innovative talents, innovative personality tendencies and school education are positively correlated with the perception of innovative talents, but the impact is not significant.

Non-Kramers doublet ground state in a quaternary cubic compound PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) investigated by ultrasonic measurements

We performed ultrasonic measurements on a quaternary cubic compound PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) to explore the ground state properties derived from non-Kramers Γ_(3) doublet of Pr^(3+).PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) is a quaternary derivative of the ternary compound PrRu_(2)Zn_(20) that exhibits a structural phase transition at T_S=138 K.In PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18),the Zn atoms at the 16c site in PrRu_(2)Zn_(20) are selectively replaced by In atoms.A monotonic increase was observed in the temperature dependence of elastic constants C_L=(C_(11)+2C_(12)+4C_(44))/3 and C_(T)=(C_(11)-C_(12)+C_(44))/3 in the temperature range around T_(S) to which an elastic softening was observed in(C_(11)-C_(12))/2 for PrRu_(2)Zn_(20).The disappearance of the softening indicates that the structural transition in PrRu_(2)Zn_(20) is suppressed by the substitution of Zn ions by In ones with a larger ionic radius.Alternatively,the C_(T) of PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) exhibits a precursor Curie-type elastic softening toward low temperatures being responsible for the non-Kramers Γ_(3) ground state.We discuss the ground state and the evolution of the elastic properties of the different single-crystal samples of PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) grown under different conditions.

Local measurement for structural health monitoring

Localized nature of damage in structures requires local measurements for structural health monitoring. The local measurement means to measure the local, usually higher modes of the vibration in a structure. Three fundamental issues about the local measurement for structural health monitoring including (1) the necessity of making local measurement, (2) the difficulty of making local measurement and (3) how to make local measurement are addressed in this paper. The results from both the analysis and the tests show that the local measurement can successfully monitor the structural health status as long as the local modes are excited. Unfortunately, the results also illustrate that it is difficult to excite local modes in a structure. Therefore, in order to carry structural health monitoring into effect, we must (1) ensure that the local modes are excited, and (2) deploy enough sensors in a structure so that the local modes can be monitored.

Problems of durability and reinforcement measures for underground structures in China

In this paper, the bolt- and cable-supported structures mainly refer to anchored cables, anchored bolts, soil nails and other commonly used reinforcing and supporting structures in geotechnical engineering, as well as reinforced soil structures in permanent works. They are often used in combination, or formed into composite bolt-and cable-supported structures, with other traditional construction methods and relevant measures. Distinct characteristics of such structures are that they are most often invisible, exposed to more severe underground corrosive environments and with strict durability requirements. A number of serious durability problems of underground structures are discussed and major achievements and advances in China and abroad in terms of durability and reinforcement measures for underground structures are reviewed, followed by comprehensive analyses. Some suggestions for those problems are put forward.

STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS CALIBRATION BY POSTURE MEASUREMENT ON PARALLEL 6-DOF PLATFORM

Some approaches to measure parallel 6-degree of freedom platform's posturestatically and to calibrate the platform's actual structural parameters by measuring a series of theplatform's varying postures are studied. In the case where high posture accuracy is requiredrelatively, to obtain the platform's actual structural parameters is very important. Threedimensions measurement with 2 theodolites are used to obtain the platform's postures statically andNewton iterative method is adopted to calibrate structural parameters. Some measures taken in themeasurement and the calibration are discussed in detail. And the experiment results of theplatform's posture control before and after the calibration are given. The results show that theplatform's posture control accuracy after the calibration is improved notably.

Spatial effect of environmental regulation measures on industrial structure upgrading from the empirical analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas

This paper investigates the spatial effect of environmental regulation measures on the upgrading of industrial structure in the integrated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas.In order to reflect the effect of the environmental regulation and different regulation measures more truly,this paper constructs indices of the environmental regulation measures through the results of policy texts quantification.On the basis of the previous research,this paper divides environmental regulation into the following types:personnel and administrative measures of command and control;market-oriented fiscal,taxation,financial and other economic measures;guidance measures.Spatial panel regression results show that administrative measures of command control and market-oriented fiscal measures have a significant role in promoting regional industrial structure upgrading,but not conducive to the advancement of the industrial structure of adjacent areas.Their roles in promoting and inhibition are counteracted,which causes the total effect of industrial structure upgrading of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding areas are not significant.Personnel measures,financial measures,other economic measures and guidance measures do not have the short-term effect and spatial effect on the upgrading of industrial structure.

ESTIMATING STRUCTURAL INERTIA PROPERTIES FROM VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

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Factor Structure and Longitudinal Invariance of the CES-D across Diverse Residential Backgrounds in Chinese Adolescents

Background:Valid and reliable measures of depressive symptoms are crucial for understanding risk factors,outcomes,and interventions across rural and urban settings.Despite this need,the longitudinal invariance of these measures over time remains understudied.This research explores the structural components of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)and examines its consistency across various living environments and temporal stability in a cohort of Chinese teenagers.Method:In the initial phase,1,042 adolescents furnished demographic details and undertook the CES-D assessment.After a three-month interval,967 of these participants repeated the CES-D evaluation.The study employed Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)to scrutinize the scale’s structural integrity.We investigated factorial invariance by conducting a twopronged CFA:one comparing urban vs.rural backgrounds,and another contrasting the results from the initial assessment with those from the follow-up.Results:The CES-D demonstrated adequate reliability in both rural and urban high school student samples.The preliminary four-factor model applied to the CES-D demonstrated a good fit with the collected data.Invariance tests,including multigroup analyses comparing rural and urban samples and longitudinal assessments,confirmed the scale’s invariance.Conclusions:The results suggest that the CES-D serves as a reliable instrument for evaluating depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents.Its applicability is consistent across different living environments and remains stable over time.

Eco-environmental Impact Assessment of the Change of Regional Industrial Structure and Regulative Measures

Acting as an important driving force for the change of the regional land use,the change of industrial structure also has some influences on the ecological environment.The assessment and mechanism analysis of these influences will be beneficial to the sustainable development of regional economy and the im- provement of relationships between man and earth.Taking Chuzhou City in Anhui Province as an example,on the basis of a qualitative analysis of the influence of the development of differ- ent industry on the regional ecological environment,this paper builds the influence factor of industrial structure on natural envi- ronment and the influence index of industrial structure on natural environment,makes a quantitative assessment of the change of the industrial structure and its comprehensive influences on the eco- logical environment in the Chuzhou City from 1974 to 1995. Studies show that,during the analysed period,Chuzhou City's industrial structure has changed markedly,having undergone two transformations.The influence of industrial structure on natural environment from 1974 to 1995 increased as a whole,while from 1996 to 2004,the influence of industrial structure on natural en- vironment decreased year-on-year.These changes indicate that the regional change of industrial structure results in better ecological effects.Finally,we propose appropriate regulatory measures ac- cording to our research results.

Estimation of Aleatory Randomness by S_(a)(T_(1))-Based Intensity Measures in Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

Based on the multiple stripes analysis method,an investigation of the estimation of aleatory randomness by S_(a)(T_(1))-based intensity measures(IMs)in the fragility analysis is carried out for two typical low-and mediumrise reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures with 4 and 8 stories,respectively.The sensitivity of the aleatory randomness estimated in fragility curves to various S_(a)(T_(1))-based IMs is analyzed at three damage limit states,i.e.,immediate occupancy,life safety,and collapse prevention.In addition,the effect of characterization methods of bidirectional ground motion intensity on the record-to-record variability is investigated.It is found that the damage limit state of the structure has an important influence on the applicability of the ground motion IM.The S_(a)(T_(1))-based IMs,considering the effect of softened period,can maintain lower record-to-record variability in the three limit states,and the S_(a)(T_(1))-based IMs,considering the effect of higher modes,do not show their advantage over S_(a)(T_(1)).Furthermore,the optimal multiplier C and exponentαin the dual-parameter ground motion IM are proposed to obtain a lower record-to-record variability in the fragility analysis of different damage limit state.Finally,the improved dual-parameter ground motion IM is applied in the risk assessment of the 8-story frame structure.

A Structural Measurement of the Valuation Effect of China's External Assets:Method and Application

Existing research on the measurement of the valuation effect mainly follows the residual method proposed by Lane and Milesi-Ferretti(2001).This cannot be used to perform structural decomposition.We propose an aggregation approach rather than the residual method to measure structurally the investment flow and valuation effect of China's external assets.The results indicate that the valuation effect of China's external assets has been highly volatile and it was negative during the pandemic period.The structural decomposition shows that portfolio investment and direct investment made the main contributions to the valuation effect.The impact of exchange rates on the valuation effect has generally been higher than that of asset price in terms of direct investment and total external assets but the opposite has been true for portfolio investment.China's outward investments are currently more inclined to Asian countries and a few European countries but inflows to China still mainly come from developed countries.

Vector-intensity measure based seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures

This paper presents a method for seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures based on vector-valued intensity measure （viM）, which predicts the limit-state capacities efficiently with multi-intensity measures of seismic event. Accounting for the uncertainties of the bridge model, ten single-bent overpass bridge structures are taken as samples statistically using Latin hypercube sampling approach. 200 earthquake records are chosen randomly for the uncertainties of ground motions according to the site condition of the bridges. The uncertainties of structural capacity and seismic demand are evaluated with the ratios of demand to capacity in different damage state. By comparing the relative importance of different intensity measures, Sa（T1） and Sa（T2） are chosen as viM. Then, the vector-valued fragility functions of different bridge components are developed. Finally, the system-level vulnerability of the bridge based on viM is studied with Duunett- Sobel class correlation matrix which can consider the correlation effects of different bridge components. The study indicates that an increment IMs from a scalar IM to viM results in a significant reduction in the dispersion of fragility functions and in the uncertainties in evaluating earthquake risk. The feasibility and validity of the proposed vulnerability analysis method is validated and the bridge is more vulnerable than any components.

Structural Design and Protective Methods for the 100 kW Shoreline Wave Power Station

The structural design and protective methods for the 100 kW shoreline wave power station in China are described in detail. The proper structural type is designed for effective minimization of wave loads and bending stress. Various protective devices are adopted to protect the station in the extreme conditions against excessive power of airflow, excessive torsion of the shaft, over-pressure of the chamber, over-speed of rotation, power failure, and so on. It turns out that the structural design and protective methods for the 100 kW shoreline wave power station are successful.

A comparison of summer precipitation structures over the South China Sea and the East China Sea based on tropical rainfall measurement mission

The three-dimensional structures of summer precipitation over the South China Sea （SCS） and the East China Sea （ECS） are investigated based on tropical rainfall measurement mission （TRMM）. The primary results are as follows. First, both the convective and stratiform precipitation rates in the SCS are much higher than those of the ECS. The contribution of the convective cloud precipitation to the surface precipitation is primarily over the SCS and the ECS with a proportion of about 70%, but the contribution of convective cloud precipitation is slightly larger in the SCS than the ECS. The contribution of stratus precipitation is slightly larger in the ECS than that in the SCS. Second, the content of cloud particles and precipitation particles in the ECS in June was greater than that in the SCS, while in July and August, the content of cloud and precipitation particles in the ECS was less than that in the SCS. Third, the latent heat profile of the ECS is quite different from that of the SCS. In June, the peak values of evaporation and condensation latent heating rates in the ECS are greater than those in the SCS. In July and August, however, the peak values of evaporation and condensation latent heating rates in the ECS are about 0.05°/h less than those in the SCS.

Analysis on Structural Control of Coal Distribution in the Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

The distribution of the Jurassic coal measures in the northern Qaidam Basin is obviously controlled by the regional structures. Based on the existing data of coalfield exploration and combined with the analysis of coalfield basement structures, features of the main faults, and the distribution of coal measures, this paper brings forward a scheme of coalfield tectonic divisional units and the definition of the coal-controlling structural styles in the northern Qaidam Basin. The structure control of the distribution of coal measures is further discussed. Several stages of regional tectonic activities since the Indosinian has led to the distribution of coal measures into the characteristics of zonation from the north to south and block from east to west. The results indicate that the structural deformations are the most intense in the front of the three uplifted belts, which are characterized by the combination of thrusts. The coal measures are uplifted to the shallow formations, and are easy to be exploited, but the scale of mines is small because of serious damages by the coal distribution. On the contrary, the stress and strain are weak in the three depressions, with the coal-controlling structural styles being mainly the thrust-fold and thrust-monocline combinations. The distribution of coals in the depressions is relatively stable. The shallower part of the depression will become the key areas for exploration and development of coal resources in the northern Qaidam Basin.

Comparison of satellite images with different spatial resolutions to estimate stand structural diversity in urban forests

The structural diversity in urban forests is highly important to protect biodiversity. In particular, fruit trees and bush species, cavity-bearing trees and coarse, woody debris provide habitats for animals to feed, nest and hide. Improper silvicultural practices, intensive recreational use and illegal harvesting lead to a decline in the structural diversity in forests within larger metropolitan cities. It is important to monitor the structural diversity at definite time intervals using effective technologies with a view to instituting the necessary conservation measures. The use of satellite images seems to be appropriate to this end. Here we aimed to identify the associations between the textural features derived from the satellite images with different spatial resolutions and the structural diversity indices in urban forest stands (Shannon-Wiener index, complexity index, dominance index and density of wildlife trees). RapidEye images with a spatial resolution of 5 m × 5 m, ASTER images with a spatial resolution of 15 m × 15 m and Landsat-8 ETM satellite images with a spatial resolution of 30 m × 30 m were used in this study. The first-order (standard deviation of gray levels) and second order (GLCM entropy, GLCM contrast and GLCM correlation) textural features were calculated from the satellite images. When associations between textural features in the images and the structural diversity indices were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, very high associations were found between the image textural features and the diversity indices. The highest association was found between the standard deviation of gray levels (SDGLRAP) derived from RVIRAP of RapidEye image and the Shannon-Wiener index (H h) calculated on the basis of tree height (R 2 = 0.64). The findings revealed that RapidEye satellite images with a spatial resolution of 5 m × 5 m are most suitable for estimating the structural diversity in urban forests.

Assess Medical Screening and Isolation Measures Based on Numerical Method for COVID-19 Epidemic Model in Japan

This study aims to improve control schemes for COVID-19 by a numerical model with estimation of parameters.We established a multi-level and multi-objective nonlinear SEIDR model to simulate the virus transmission.The early spread in Japan was adopted as a case study.The first 96 days since the infection were divided into five stages with parameters estimated.Then,we analyzed the trend of the parameter value,age structure ratio,and the defined PCR test index(standardization of the scale of PCR tests).It was discovered that the self-healing rate and confirmed rate were linear with the age structure ratio and the PCR test index using the stepwise regression method.The transmission rates were related to the age structure ratio,PCR test index,and isolation efficiency.Both isolation measures and PCR test medical screening can effectively reduce the number of infected cases based on the simulation results.However,the strategy of increasing PCR test medical screening would encountered a bottleneck effect on the virus control when the index reached 0.3.The effectiveness of the policy would decrease and the basic reproduction number reached the extreme value at 0.6.This study gave a feasible combination for isolation and PCR test by simulation.The isolation intensity could be adjusted to compensate the insufficiency of PCR test to control the pandemic.

Effect of Post-Annealing on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO:In Films

Indium-doped ZnO(ZnO:In) films are deposited on quartz substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The effects of post-annealing on structural, electrical, optical and Raman properties are investigated by x-ray diffraction,Raman scattering, Hall measurement and first-principles calculation. The results indicate that all of the ZnO:In films have excellent crystallinity with a preferred ZnO(002) orientation. It is found that the incorporation of In can dramatically increase the intensity of the 274 cm^(-1) Raman mode. However, both post-annealing treatment and increasing O_2 partial pressure in the process of preparing thin films can reduce the intensity of the 274 cm^(-1) mode or even eliminate it, and relax compressive stress of the ZnO:In film judged by analyzing the shifts of the(002) Bragg peaks and E_2(high) mode. Finally, the origin of the 274 cm^(-1) mode is inferred to be the vibration of Zn interstitial(Zni) defects, which play a crucial role in the high electron concentration and low resistivity of ZnO:In films annealed in an appropriate temperature range(450–600℃).

Research and Analysis of Structural Hole and Matching Coefficient

Measure is a map from the reality or experimental world to the mathematical world, through which people can more easily understand the properties of entities and the relationship between them. But the traditional software measurement methods have been unable to effectively measure this large-scale software. Therefore, trustworthy measurement gives an accurate measurement to these emerging features, providing valuable perspectives and different research dimensions to understand software systems. The paper introduces the complex network theory to software measurement methods and proposes a statistical measurement methodology. First we study the basic parameters of the complex network, and then introduce two new measurement parameters: structural holes, matching coefficient.

MULTIPARAMETER MEASUREMENT FOR RACEWAY GROOVE OF BEARING BASED ON 3D RECONSTRUCTION WITH DIGITAL STRUCTURED LIGHT

A fast 3D reconstruction method based on structured light to measure various parameters of the raceway groove is presented. Digital parallel grating stripes distributed with sine density are projected onto the raceway groove by a DLP projector, and distorting of stripes is happened on the raceway. Simultaneously, aided by three-step phase-shifting approach, three images covered by different stripes are obtained by a high-resolution CCD camera at the same location, thus a more accuracy local topography can be obtained. And then the bearing is rotated on a high precision computer controlled rotational stage. Three images are also obtained as the former step at next planned location triggered by the motor. After one cycle, all images information is combined through the mosaics. As a result, the 3D information of raceway groove can be gained. Not only geometric properties but also surface flaws can be extracted by software. A preliminary hardware system has been built, with which some geometric parameters have been extracted from reconstructed local topography.