Reversible solid-liquid conversion enabled by self-capture effect for stable non-flow zinc-bromine batteries

Non-flow aqueous zinc-bromine batteries without auxiliary components(e.g.,pumps,pipes,storage tanks)and ion-selective membranes represent a cost-effective and promising technology for large-scale energy storage.Unfortunately,they generally suffer from serious diffusion and shuttle of polybromide(Br^(-),Br^(3-))due to the weak physical adsorption between soluble polybromide and host carbon materials,which results in low energy efficiency and poor cycling stability.Here,we develop a novel self-capture organic bromine material(1,10-bis[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium bromine,NVBr4)to successfully realize reversible solid complexation of bromide components for stable non-flow zinc-bromine battery applications.The quaternary ammonium groups(NV^(4+)ions)can effectively capture the soluble polybromide species based on strong chemical interaction and realize reversible solid complexation confined within the porous electrodes,which transforms the conventional“liquid-liquid”conversion of soluble bromide components into“liquid-solid”model and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect.Thereby,the developed non-flow zinc-bromide battery provides an outstanding voltage platform at 1.7 V with a notable specific capacity of 325 mAh g^(-1)NVBr4(1 A g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(200 mAh g^(-1)NVBr4 at 20 A g^(-1)),outstanding energy density of 469.6 Wh kg^(-1)and super-stable cycle life(20,000 cycles with 100%Coulombic efficiency),which outperforms most of reported zinc-halogen batteries.Further mechanism analysis and DFT calculations demonstrate that the chemical interaction of quaternary ammonium groups and bromide species is the main reason for suppressing the shuttle effect.The developed strategy can be extended to other halogen batteries to obtain stable charge storage.

Novel ternary metals-based telluride electrocatalyst with synergistic effects of high valence non-3d metal and oxophilic Te for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction

Electrocatalyst designs based on oxophilic foreign atoms are considered a promising approach for developing efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts by overcoming the sluggish alkaline HER kinetics.Here,we design ternary transition metals-based nickel telluride(Mo WNi Te)catalysts consisting of high valence non-3d Mo and W metals and oxophilic Te as a first demonstration of non-precious heterogeneous electrocatalysts following the bifunctional mechanism.The Mo WNi Te showed excellent HER catalytic performance with overpotentials of 72,125,and 182 mV to reach the current densities of 10,100,and 1000 mA cm^(-2),respectively,and the corresponding Tafel slope of 47,52,and 58 mV dec-1in alkaline media,which is much superior to commercial Pt/C.Additionally,the HER performance of Mo WNi Te is well maintained up to 3000 h at the current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).It is further demonstrated that the Mo WNi Te exhibits remarkable HER activities with an overpotential of 45 mV(31 mV)and Tafel slope of 60 mV dec-1(34 mV dec-1)at 10 mA cm^(-2)in neutral(acid)media.The superior HER performance of Mo WNi Te is attributed to the electronic structure modulation,inducing highly active low valence states by the incorporation of high valence non-3d transition metals.It is also attributed to the oxophilic effect of Te,accelerating water dissociation kinetics through a bifunctional catalytic mechanism in alkaline media.Density functional theory calculations further reveal that such synergistic effects lead to reduced free energy for an efficient water dissociation process,resulting in remarkable HER catalytic performances within universal pH environments.

试析语气副词“复”的形成与演变

“复(復)”本为动词“返还、返回”,受语义和句法的双重影响,它由动词虚化为累加副词。然而,它的语法化过程并未就此停止,两汉之际,受疑问代词“谁”“何”的组合影响,加之副词“又”的类推同化,“复”由累加副词再度虚化为一个语气副词。作为一个新兴的语气副词,“复”不仅用于疑问句中,表示反诘或疑问,同时也用于否定句或肯定句中,表示强调。不过,自从产生以后,语气副词“复”的虚化程度和使用频率并不太高,受同一形式的词尾“复”的冲击和制约,以及同一意义范畴内副词“又”“还”的排挤与压制,唐宋时期,“复”的使用已呈明显衰落趋势;元明时期,在语言文字内外部各种因素的影响下,语气副词“复”逐渐退出历史舞台。

努力开拓和深化我国刑法学研究——牛忠志《当代中国刑法理念的革新及其法治实践贯彻》序言

司法机关在进行刑事立案确定罪量时,需要综合考虑影响行为社会危害性的客观因素与主观因素,做到客观主义和主观主义并重而不能失之偏颇。罪量认定是事实判断与价值判断的有机统一,行为事实是认定罪量的基础,对行为事实进行价值判断是认定罪量的保障。罪量认定面临的问题主要包括:形式上将客观因素与主观因素分别而论,导致罪量认定发生标准上的偏颇;罪量认定存在以单一或纯粹事实为根据的现象,没有揭示犯罪的本质特征;将定罪的价值判断与量刑的价值判断相混淆;不能及时适应情势变迁需要调整立案追诉标准,难以充分体现处罚必要性。化解罪量认定中的问题需要做到:罪量认定必须坚持主客观相统一,不能厚此薄彼或者此消彼长;罪量认定坚持事实判断与价值判断相结合,区分定罪情节与量刑情节;及时调整刑事立案追诉标准,确保刑事立案的公平、公正;健全和完善刑事立案监督机制。

“主观主义阐释”的批判:重申质性研究的知识客观性

主观性和客观性之间的“对立”导致量化研究和质性研究范式之间的持久争论。部分质性研究者往往寄希望于彰显质性研究独特的主观性成分--一种主张主观阐释的“表现性逻辑”--来消解质性研究所遭受的“诟病”。然而,在实际研究操作过程中,过度的“表现性逻辑”往往会掩盖主张严谨证实(或证伪)的“明证性逻辑”,带来“过度阐释”和“强制阐释”问题,遮蔽作为学术研究“第一使命”的理论知识生产,带来知识的相对主义,消解学术共同体的知识对话空间。为此,质性研究不宜过度推崇研究过程中的“表现性逻辑”,需要对阐释主义中的主观主义面向保持一种自我批判,把握“阐释的限度”,寻求阐释的“公度”,并尽量追求差异性和证伪性的理论对话,以迈向“明证性逻辑”,重新构筑起自身的知识客观性基石,消解研究范式之间的紧张对立。

刑事非法证据认定的主观化趋向及其反思

法律适用本身并不反对司法能动性,但主观化趋向下的非法证据认定偏离了司法能动的正当性要求。“主客”二分图式下,法律行为可解构为主体、客体、主观、客观与法律规范等要素。当前非法证据认定出现了认定范围扩大化、“非法”与“瑕疵”认定混同化等主观化趋向。其原因主要在于:司法者对非法证据认定标准不统一,法律规范的文字表述模糊和法律监督制约机制不健全。有效限制非法证据认定主观化趋向应坚持体系性思维,即在适用标准层面准确界定非法证据认定标准,在机制运行层面构建审前非法证据认定的监督机制,在法律制定层面精准设计非法证据认定的法律条文。

论英国刑法预防性犯罪的潜在风险及启示

英国是预防性犯罪立法的典型代表,然而这种立法存在一定的潜在风险。理论层面,可能导致降低行为要件独立价值和否定行为人自由意志双重危机,还可能颠覆刑法无罪推定原则。实践层面,可能导致国家权力对私人领域的过度干预和引发对国家法律权威的怀疑。关于英国预防性犯罪潜在风险的分析,对我国刑事立法有着重要参考意义。立法对预防性犯罪应当严加限制,在罪名确定方面严格限于对国家和公共安全实施极端风险的行为;在罪行认定方面对以例外型预防性犯罪规制的罪行严重程度要明确较高的入罪门槛。

罪量认定的基本根据、面临问题与化解路径——以两高两部《关于办理醉酒危险驾驶刑事案件的意见》为视角

司法机关在进行刑事立案确定罪量时,需要综合考虑影响行为社会危害性的客观因素与主观因素,做到客观主义和主观主义并重而不能失之偏颇。罪量认定是事实判断与价值判断的有机统一,行为事实是认定罪量的基础,对行为事实进行价值判断是认定罪量的保障。罪量认定面临的问题主要包括:形式上将客观因素与主观因素分别而论,导致罪量认定发生标准上的偏颇;罪量认定存在以单一或纯粹事实为根据的现象,没有揭示犯罪的本质特征;将定罪的价值判断与量刑的价值判断相混淆;不能及时适应情势变迁需要调整立案追诉标准,难以充分体现处罚必要性。化解罪量认定中的问题需要做到:罪量认定必须坚持主客观相统一,不能厚此薄彼或者此消彼长;罪量认定坚持事实判断与价值判断相结合,区分定罪情节与量刑情节;及时调整刑事立案追诉标准,确保刑事立案的公平、公正;健全和完善刑事立案监督机制。

Use of non-selective beta blockers in cirrhosis:The evidence we need before closing(or not) the window

Non selective beta blockers(NSBBs)are used in primary and secondary prophylaxis of portal hypertensionrelated bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.The efficacy of NSBBs treatment is predicted by hemodynamic response in term of reduction of the hepatic venouspressure gradient(HVPG)below 12 mm Hg or at least20%of the basal value.Nevertheless a relevant number of patients who do not achieve this HVPG reduction during NSBBs therapy do not bleed during follow up;this evidence suggests an additional non-hemodynamic advantage of NSBBs treatment to modify the natural history of cirrhosis.Recent studies have questioned the efficacy and safety of NSBBs in patients with advanced stage of liver disease characterized by refractory ascites and/or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.These studies have suggested the existence of a defined and limited period to modify the natural history of cirrhosis by NSBBs:the"window hypothesis".According with this hypothesis,patients with cirrhosis benefit from the use of NSBBs from the appearance of varices up to the development of an advanced stage of cirrhosis.Indeed,in patients with refractory ascites and/or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis the hemodynamic effects of NSBBs may expose to a high risk of further complications such as renal insufficiency and/or death.Methodological concerns and contrasting results counterbalance the evidence produced up to now on this issue and are the main topic of this editorial.

Optimal Design of Multiple Stress Constant Accelerated Life Test Plan on Non-rectangle Test Region

For optimal design of constant stress accelerated life test（CSALT） with two-stress, if the stresses could not reach the highest levels simultaneously, the test region becomes non-rectangular. For optimal CSALT design on non-rectangle test region, the present method is only focused on non-rectangle test region with simple boundary, and the optimization algorithm is based on experience which can not ensure to obtain the optimal plan. In this paper, considering the linear-extreme value model and the optimization goal to minimize the variance of lifetime estimate under normal stress, the optimal design method of two-stress type-I censored CSALT plan on general non-rectangular test region is proposed. First, two properties of optimal test plans are proved and the relationship of all the optimal test plans is determined analytically. Then, on the basis of the two properties, the optimal problem is simplified and the optimal design method of two-stress CSALT plan on general non-rectangular test region is proposed. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method, The result shows that the proposed method could obtain the optimal test plan on non-rectangular test regions with arbitrary boundaries. This research provides the theory and method for two-stress optimal CSALT planning on non-rectangular test regions.

Moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy after non-bismuth quadruple therapy failure for Helicobacter pylori infection

AIM: To assess the efficacy of moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy after non-bismuth quadruple therapy failure for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication.METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2012,we screened individuals who were prescribed non-bismuth quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Among them,a total of 98 patients who failed non-bismuth quadruple therapy received 1-wk or 2-wk moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy(400 mg moxifloxacin once daily,and 20 mg of rabeprazole and 1 g of amoxicillin twice daily). H. pylori status was evaluated using the 13C-urea breath test 4 wk later,after treatment completion. The eradication rates were determined by intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.RESULTS: In total,60 and 38 patients received 1-wk and 2-wk moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy,respectively. The intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were 56.7%(95%CI: 45.0-70.0) and 59.6%(95%CI: 46.6-71.7) in the 1-wk group and 76.3%(95%CI: 63.2-89.5) and 80.6%(95%CI: 66.7-91.9) in the 2-wk group(P = 0.048 and 0.036,respectively). All groups had good compliance(95% vs 94.9%). Neither group showed serious adverse events,and the proportions of patients experiencing mild side effects were not significantly different(21.1% vs 13.9%). Clinical factors such as age,sex,alcohol and smoking habits,comorbidities,and presence of gastric or duodenal ulcer did not influence the eradication therapy efficacy. The efficacy of second-line eradication therapy did not differ significantly according to the firstline regimen.CONCLUSION: Two-week moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy showed better efficacy than a 1-wk regimen after non-bismuth quadruple therapy failure.Key words: Helicobacter pylori; Moxifloxacin-based triple; Non-bismuth quadruple; Second-line;

Non-3GPP对EPS的安全接入研究

Non-3GPP网络安全接入EPS是未来异构网络融合的重要基础。本文介绍了Non-3GPP网络接入时EPS系统的安全架构、可信的Non-3GPP网络接入EPS系统的认证机制、密钥协商流程等。

Tunnelling effect of the non-stationary Kerr black hole

Extending Parikh and Wilczek＇s work to the non-stationary black hole, we study the Hawking radiation of the non-stationary Kerr black hole by the Hamilto-Jacobi method. The result shows that the radiation spectrum is not purely thermal and the tunnelling probability is related to the change of Bekenstein Hawking entropy, which gives a correction to the Hawking thermal radiation of the black hole.

Non-Markovian dynamics of a qubit in a reservoir: different solutions of non-Markovian master equation

We present a non-Markovian master equation for a qubit interacting with a general reservoir, which is derived according to the Nakajima-Zwanzig and the time convolutionless projection operator technique. The non-Markovian solutions and Markovian solution of dynamical decay of a qubit are compared. The results indicate the validity of non-Markovian approach in different coupling regimes and also show that the Markovian master equation may not precisely describe the dynamics of an open quantum system in some situation. The non-Markovian solutions may be effective for many qubits independently interacting with the heated reservoirs.

PURGING OF ACUTE NON-LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PROGENITORS BY PROCAINE AND HYPERTHERMIA

Procaine and hyperthermia have been shown to possess a relatively selective cytotoxicity to leukemlc cells. In this study, the combined effects of procaine and hyperthermia on the growth of hematopoietic progenitors (GM-CFU) and ieukemic progenitors (L-CFU) were examined to determine if this combination resulted in a great selective killing of leukemlc cells than that achieved by procaine or heat alone. When the cells were treated simutaneously with procaine (2 mM) and hyperthermia (42℃) for one hour, the killing of L-CFU was enhanced considerably whereas GM-CFU were not markedly affected. These data Indicate that the combined treatment with procain and hyperthermia might offer an efficient mean to selectively purge residual leukemlc cells in vitro. Procaine with hyperthermia may have a role in clinical autoiogous bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia.

A NONLINEAR DEGENERATE PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH NON-LOCAL SOURCE

The global existence and finite time blow up of the positive solution for a nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation with non- local source are studied

Robust Iterative Learning Controller for the Non-zero Initial Error Problem on Robot Manipulator

Industrial robot system is a kind of dynamic system w ith strong nonlinear coupling and high position precision. A lot of control ways , such as nonlinear feedbackdecomposition motion and adaptive control and so o n, have been used to control this kind of system, but there are some deficiencie s in those methods: some need accurate and some need complicated operation and e tc. In recent years, in need of controlling the industrial robots, aiming at com pletely tracking the ideal input for the controlled subject with repetitive character, a new research area, ILC (iterative learning control), has been devel oped in the control technology and theory. The iterative learning control method can make the controlled subject operate as desired in a definite time span, merely making use of the prior control experie nce of the system and searching for the desired control signal according to the practical and desired output signal. The process of searching is equal to that o f learning, during which we only need to measure the output signal to amend the control signal, not like the adaptive control strategy, which on line assesses t he complex parameters of the system. Besides, since the iterative learning contr ol relies little on the prior message of the subject, it has been well used in a lot of areas, especially the dynamic systems with strong non-linear coupling a nd high repetitive position precision and the control system with batch producti on. Since robot manipulator has the above-mentioned character, ILC can be very well used in robot manipulator. In the ILC, since the operation always begins with a certain initial state, init ial condition has been required in almost all convergence verification. Therefor e, in designing the controller, the initial state has to be restricted with some condition to guarantee the convergence of the algorithm. The settle of initial condition problem has long been pursued in the ILC. There are commonly two kinds of initial condition problems: one is zero initial error problem, another is non-zero initial error problem. In practice, the repe titive operation will invariably produce excursion of the iterative initial stat e from the desired initial state. As a result, the research on the second in itial problem has more practical meaning. In this paper, for the non-zero initial error problem, one novel robust ILC alg orithms, respectively combining PD type iterative learning control algorithm wit h the robust feedback control algorithm, has been presented. This novel robust ILC algorithm contain two parts: feedforward ILC algorithm and robust feedback algorithm, which can be used to restrain disturbance from param eter variation, mechanical nonlinearities and unmodeled dynamics and to achieve good performance as well. The feedforward ILC algorithm can be used to improve the tracking error and perf ormance of the system through iteratively learning from the previous operation, thus performing the tracking task very fast. The robust feedback algorithm could mainly be applied to make the real output of the system not deviate too much fr om the desired tracking trajectory, and guarantee the system’s robustness w hen there are exterior noises and variations of the system parameter. In this paper, in order to analyze the convergence of the algorithm, Lyapunov st ability theory has been used through properly selecting the Lyapunov function. T he result of the verification shows the feasibility of the novel robust iterativ e learning control in theory. Finally, aiming at the two-freedom rate robot, simulation has been made with th e MATLAB software. Furthermore, two groups of parameters are selected to validat e the robustness of the algorithm.

ON A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR KINETICS OF NON- ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION

A new differential equation was derived from the modified first-order kinetic model to describe the polymer crystallization processes. The crystallization experiments were carried out by means of DSC. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) resins were selected as the samples containing different catalysts. The relationships between the parameters obtained from the known Avrami equation and from one in the present paper were discussed. A method for applying the equation to determine the kinetic parameters from a constant heating and a constant cooling curve was proposed.

话语标记“不是我说”:从“辩解义”到“预设义”

对话语标记“不是我说”进行历时考察,可以揭示“不是我说”的会话模型及其演变。意义方面,“不是我说”由“辩解义”向“预设义”发展;在形式上,“不是我说”来源于“不是+小句”结构形式,并由“不是我说X话”演变成“不是我说”。从会话模型的演变推断出话语标记“不是我说”的形成动因是主观化及交互主观化。