Technical Components of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

This article attempts to disaggregate and explore the components of TFP growth that contribute to changes in output, scale of production, and allocative efficiency and technical efficiency of the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The total factor productivity (TFP) concept defined as total output per unit of all inputs used in the production of an industry has gained a prominent place in academia. The investigation on TFP growth is obviously useful for identifying sources of output growth in the development of an industry. The TFP growth is often interchangeably understood as the technical progress or changes in technology as the sole contributor to economic development. Nonetheless there are other factors contributing to its substance. Knowledge on these technical changes would help decision makers to realize the strengths and weaknesses that contribute to the growth and development of an industry. Alternatively this research would be more beneficial in the case of cross-industry or cross-country comparative studies in order to plan for developmental goal. In such a case a model industry or country can be chosen that exhibits special growth features.

Quantitative Assessment of Impacts of Climate and Economic-technical Factors on Grain Yield in Jilin Province from 1980 to 2008

Climate change is one of the most important challenges threatening agricultural grain yield and food security. Determining the factors influencing grain yield in Jilin Province and the weights of their contribution are a very important task, because Jilin Province is an important agriculture base in China. In this study, the accumulation factor sequence evaluating data method was used to analyze the climate and economic-technical factor contribution weights to grain yield and grain yield changes in each city of Jilin Province. Climate yield was also estimated to study the climate effect on the grain yield, and it was calculated in two ways:an improved algorithm and a traditional quadratic method. The results show that the climate and economic-technical factors have different contribution weights to grain yield in different cities in Jilin Province. The contribution weight of the climate factor to grain yield was 0.212-0.349, while that the economic-technical factor was 0.651-0.788. Furthermore, the changes of the climate factor contributing to grain yield changes accounted for 0.296-0.546, and the changes of the economic-technical factor accounted for 0.454-0.704. The weights of climate and economic-technical factor contributing to grain yield are very different between the eastern and western cities in Jilin Province, but their weights contributing to the grain yield change are similar in these cities. In general, the amount of fertilizer used per hectare (FUPH) is the main factor affecting grain yields and yield changes from 1980 to 2008. It is noted that when the FUPH growth rate stabilized after 1995, the effects of the climate factor on the grain yield become more obvious than before. The improved algorithm is effective for estimating climate yield in Jilin Province, and the climate yields were mostly between-500 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha, and showed a slightly rising trend in most cities.

Identification and Validation of Social Media Socio-Technical Information Security Factors with Respect to Usable-Security Principles

The goal of this manuscript is to present a research finding, based on a study conducted to identify, examine, and validate Social Media (SM) socio-technical information security factors, in line with usable-security principles. The study followed literature search techniques, as well as theoretical and empirical methods of factor validation. The strategy used in literature search includes Boolean keywords search, and citation guides, using mainly web of science databases. As guided by study objectives, 9 SM socio-technical factors were identified, verified and validated. Both theoretical and empirical validation processes were followed. Thus, a theoretical validity test was conducted on 45 Likert scale items, involving 10 subject experts. From the score ratings of the experts, Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated to determine the degree to which the identified factors exhibit appropriate items for the construct being measured, and 7 factors attained an adequate level of validity index. However, for reliability test, 32 respondents and 45 Likert scale items were used. Whereby, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α-values) were generated using SPSS. Subsequently, 8 factors attained an adequate level of reliability. Overall, the validated factors include;1) usability—visibility, learnability, and satisfaction;2) education and training—help and documentation;3) SM technology development—error handling, and revocability;4) information security —security, privacy, and expressiveness. In this case, the confirmed factors would add knowledge by providing a theoretical basis for rationalizing information security requirements on SM usage.

Factors Preventing Technical Colleges and Universities from Cultivating Foreign Language Talents

This article discusses about the cultivation of foreign language talents,through which it can be appreciated that the emphasis is to be laid on improving their comprehensive qualities.Only in this way can foreign language talents adapt to the needs of the market,integrate into the ranks of technical personnel in the field of engineering,and be warmly welcomed by employers or employing units.Nevertheless,in order to achieve this aim,three factors should be overcome to avoid the hindrance faced by technical colleges and universities from cultivating foreign language talents with comprehensive qualities.This article probes into the three negative factors:first,students are not fluent in their mother tongue;second,foreign language majors lack basic knowledge of science and technology so much so that they are not able to do well in such translation;third,they lack the ability to perform simultaneous interpretation Simultaneous interpreting.In regard to those factors,this article then provides several suggestions as countermeasures to those three negative factors,so as to cultivate talents that can satisfy the needs of the market.

Determinants of Technical University Students’ Choice of Banks: Empirical Evidence from Takoradi Technical University, Ghana

Background: The current competitive banking environment in Ghana demands that banks identify the factors key to their survival and work on these factors to ensure they remain in business. This involves the banks knowing what influences customers to choose to do business with one bank over the other. Objective: The study aimed at determining the factors the influence Technical University student’s selection of banks. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey of 545 student respondents of Takoradi Technical University was analysed using the statistical technique of factor analysis. Results: Four factors were adduced to be influencing bank selection amongst Takoradi Technical University students: namely, Robust E-banking, Customer Experience, Access to ATMs and Third Party Influence. Conclusion: While some of the factors are universal in nature others present with subtle nuances dependent on the milieu in which a bank finds itself, making it imperative that banks study the market in which they are operating and implement strategies deemed most suitable for attracting and retaining customers.

Technical Demand of Commercial Paddy Farmers in the Context of Labor Transfer

On the basis of document research,we summed up factors of technical demand of commercial paddy farmers to four aspects:individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factor.Then,we put forward relevant hypotheses.From survey results of 241 farmer households in 4 southwestern provinces(regions),by the binary logistic regression analysis method,we empirically studied influences of the above four factors on technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.Results show that commercial paddy farmers like simple and high yield cultivation technique best,while individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factors are major factors influencing different agricultural technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.

2024年全国荔枝生产形势分析与管理建议

据2024年3月底的调查,全国荔枝种植面积785.13万亩,基于成花情况预测2024年全国荔枝总产量178.10万t,比上年减产45.94%。其中,广东87.64万t,广西41.61万t,海南22.81万t,福建11.78万t,云南7.83万t,四川6.43万t,广东、广西减产幅度较大。如以5月之前、5—7月、7月之后作为荔枝早、中、晚熟划分时间节点,今年国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系综合试验站覆盖区域早、中、晚熟比例为47.1∶41.9∶11.0。分品种产量预测,‘妃子笑’62.85万t,‘黑叶’18.30万t,‘怀枝’9.35万t,‘白糖罂’7.99万t,‘桂味’5.05万t,‘双肩玉荷包’2.61万t,‘大红袍’1.79万t,‘白蜡’1.52万t,‘糯米糍’1.57万t。‘黑叶’‘怀枝’‘桂味’‘糯米糍’‘鸡嘴荔’等中、晚熟品种减产幅度达60%~80%。分析认为,末次秋梢成熟期偏迟和暖冬是影响今年荔枝成花的主要原因,并据此提出了相关管理技术建议。

某医院大型医疗设备绩效评价案例分析

以某医院能谱CT为例,遵循相对明确的原则,采用德尔菲法和层次分析法相结合,选定经济指标、技术指标、临床应用指标、社会因素指标和教学科研指标等五项指标,制定大型医疗设备绩效评价实施方案,并进行能谱CT的绩效评价,得出结论并进行分析。

中国肉鸭产业绿色全要素生产率测算及区域差异分析

为提高我国24个肉鸭主产省(市、区)的环境技术效率和绿色全要素生产率,研究基于2020和2021年我国24个肉鸭主产省(市、区)的肉鸭养殖投入产出数据,利用超效率SBM模型和ML指数,分别对我国肉鸭产业环境技术效率和绿色全要素生产率进行测算,将其与不考虑非期望产出的测算结果对比,分析肉鸭产业绿色发展总体情况及省际、区域差异。结果显示:①从环境技术效率来看,我国肉鸭养殖技术效率总体在改善,我国大部分肉鸭主产省(市、区)实现决策充分有效,但存在环境技术投入相对不足问题。环境技术效率呈现东中西递减趋势,北方高于南方,各区域内仍存在产业发展与环境不协调问题,忽视环境约束会使肉鸭养殖效率高估;②从绿色全要素生产率来看,我国肉鸭产业绿色全要素生产率出现增长但整体增长形势并不乐观,产业面临技术进步放缓,增长的动力主要依靠绿色技术效率改善,增长速度也呈现东中西递减趋势,北方高于南方,区域差距体现在绿色技术进步上。研究表明,我国肉鸭产业绿色全要素生产率存在很大提升空间,要从技术创新投入、技术推广入手,因地制宜制定绿色全要素生产率提升策略,发挥环境规制的作用。

数字经济对全要素生产率的影响研究——来自国家级大数据综合试验区的证据

基于国家级大数据综合试验区的准自然实验,运用2014—2019年280个地级市的面板数据,采用多期双重差分法实证检验数字经济对全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明:数字经济显著提升了全要素生产率,这一结论在经过多种稳健性检验后仍然成立;中介效应检验表明,数字经济通过提高资源配置效率和促进技术创新来提升全要素生产率;异质性分析表明,数字经济对低资源禀赋城市、低数字经济发展水平城市以及智慧城市的全要素生产率具有促进作用,抑制高资源禀赋、高数字经济城市的全要素生产率,而对非智慧城市的作用则不明显。因此,应基于大数据综合试验区深度挖掘数字经济的直接作用与间接作用,同时采取差异化发展战略,培育壮大全要素生产率增长新动能。

数据资产如何赋能企业高质量发展——对传统生产要素的优化机制

数据资产的资产属性和数据属性决定了其可以改善企业传统生产要素的配置状态,从而赋能企业高质量发展。根据企业年报,运用机器学习算法,通过“种子词筛选+AutoPhrase相似词扩充+SnowNLP情感极性分析”对企业的数据资产水平进行评估,以全要素生产率衡量企业高质量发展水平,进而采用沪深A股上市公司2007—2022年的数据进行分析,结果发现:数据资产增加显著促进了企业高质量发展,该作用主要由数据资产的处理和应用产生,数据资产获取对企业高质量发展的影响不显著;数据资产增加能够改善劳动力结构、提高技术水平、抑制非效率投资、降低管理成本,从而通过对传统生产要素的优化机制来赋能企业高质量发展;外部环境对数据资产赋能企业高质量发展具有调节作用,表现为环境不确定性、信息化水平、市场化水平和数字经济政策供给水平的提高会强化数据资产对企业高质量发展的促进作用。因此,企业应积极开发、积累和利用数据资产,政府应持续推进地区信息化、市场化和数字经济发展,以充分发挥数据资产的积极效应。

中药蟾酥的质量研究现状

蟾酥是蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍的耳后腺或皮肤腺体的干燥分泌物。蟾酥作为一种传统的中药,化学成分复杂,临床用途较广,具有抗肿瘤、强心、抗炎、局麻、镇痛等多种药理活性。本文从蟾酥的本草考证、质量影响因素和质量标准现状等方面总结了蟾酥质量研究现状,以期从现行标准出发,为蟾酥药材的进一步质量控制提供参考。

我国工业减污降碳的绿色偏向技术进步:要素贡献、偏向识别与影响因素

精准推进绿色偏向技术进步,是聚焦节能降碳减污目标、实现我国工业部门全面绿色低碳转型与高质量发展的重要驱动力。本文将能源与CO_(2)、VOC_(S)、NO_(X)要素纳入全要素生产率的框架,结合非角度、非径向的BAM-DEA模型和Luenberger生产率指标分解模型,科学测度2000—2020年我国省际工业绿色偏向技术进步的要素贡献,识别绿色技术进步的要素偏向,并进一步探究环境要素绿色偏向技术进步的影响因素。研究表明,绿色技术进步是我国工业绿色全要素生产率提升的主要驱动力,但促进作用力正渐趋弱化,其中劳动、能源与环境要素对工业绿色偏向技术进步的贡献显著。从偏向类型上看,投入要素和环境要素在技术进步中分别属于资本与劳动节约型、NO_(X)与CO_(2)减排型偏向技术进步。此外,绿色技术创新能力提升、资本深化与能源结构优化对我国工业环境绿色偏向技术进步的促增效应显著。本文为精准测度不同能源与环境要素的绿色偏向技术进步水平提供新的研究范式和方法,为寻求我国工业减污降碳协同治理和绿色低碳转型的技术创新路径提供科学依据。

影响煤矿采矿工程质量和安全的技术因素

煤矿采矿工程一直是煤炭行业的重点关注对象,因其施工较为复杂,往往伴随着高风险。煤矿采矿工程的质量和安全性关系到作业人员的生命安全和煤炭资源的高效开采。在煤炭行业中,技术因素既是潜在风险的源头,也是质量与安全的保障。探讨了影响井下煤矿采矿工程质量与安全的技术因素以及相应的技术措施,确保煤矿采矿工程在高质量和安全性的双重保障下能够顺利进行。

基于SBM-GML指数的农业绿色全要素生产率及影响因素分析

研究使用全局SBM-GML指数对中国31个省份2011—2019年的农业绿色效率值和绿色全要素生产率进行测算和分解,并运用Tobit模型对影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明,我国农业的绿色全要素生产效率增长较为缓慢,其中技术效率是推动增长的关键因素,技术进步一定程度上起到了制约作用。从全国31个省份整体来看,2019年有14个省份实现农业绿色有效,河南、江西和广东的农业绿色全要素生产率增长率位列全国前三。经济发展水平、产业结构和财政支出对农业绿色全要素生产率提高具有正面影响,人力资本结构、环境规制则具有负面影响;自然灾害对全国、中部和西部的农业绿色全要素生产率提高产生负效应,对东部则产生正效应。

中国地质灾害气象风险预警20年:2003-2022

地质灾害气象风险预警业务自2003年启动以来,对我国地质灾害防灾减灾起到了重要支撑作用。文章全面总结了预警工作20年的发展历程、预警技术方法和防灾减灾成效。(1)将预警工作历程分为启动推进(2003—2009年)、深化合作(2010—2017年)和改革提升(2018—2022年)三个阶段。(2)以24 h预警业务为主体,逐步形成了预测预报预警的递进式预警模式和较完善的预警业务系统。(3)逐步形成包括临界降水阈值模型、基于地质灾害危险性的阈值模型和动力预警模型等3套预警模型技术方法体系,2023年发布行业标准。(4)预警产品时空精度不断提高,国家级和26个省级预警空间精度高于5 km×5 km,以24 h预警为主,向72 h、中长期预测等尺度发展;超过8个省级和部分市县级开展了3 h短临预警,逐步形成支撑服务长期部署、中期防范和短临应对的业务体系。(5)有预警必有响应,2020年自然资源部将国家级预警作为启动防御响应的依据之一,18个省份在省级突发地质灾害应急预案中明确了预警响应联动工作机制。(6)多方联动防灾意识不断增强,收到预警信息后,加强巡查排查和组织人员撤离实现成功避险的案例不断增加,防灾减灾成效显著。20年来的预警工作总结,可为下一步推进地质灾害气象风险预警业务提供借鉴,支撑提升我国地质灾害防治工作能力和水平。

基于DEA和Malmquist指数的广东省渔业效率研究

【目的】分析掌握广东渔业的产出效率,为发展可持续的低耗高产渔业提供数据参考。【方法】基于数据包络分析(DEA)及Malmquist指数,对2011—2022年期间广东渔业综合技术效率和全要素生产率指数及其分解进行测算和分析,并与全国平均值进行对比。【结果】广东渔业综合技术效率每年均高于全国平均水平,但2011—2014年、2018—2019年和2021年广东渔业规模报酬呈现递减。通过对广东水产养殖和水产品捕捞的综合技术效率分别进行测算,发现2011—2022年期间广东水产养殖的综合技术效率较高,除2013年和2014年外,均为DEA有效。将DEA无效年份的广东水产养殖和水产品捕捞在生产前沿面上的投影调整为DEA有效,结果显示,2013年和2014年广东水产养殖投入的冗余率分别为5.98%和10.46%,而2011—2014年、2018—2019年和2021年广东水产品捕捞投入的冗余率在39.73%~74.27%之间,说明水产品捕捞的过度投入以及由此引发的捕捞综合技术效率低下是造成2011—2014年、2018—2019年和2021年广东渔业规模报酬递减的主要原因。广东渔业的技术进步和全要素生产率上升幅度与全国平均水平相差较远,全要素生产率和技术进步指数均比全国平均增幅低4.7%,说明广东省在渔业技术进步方面有较大提升空间。【结论】建议广东加大渔业科技的投入力度,加强渔业技术创新,以促进渔业技术进步和提高全要素生产率;加快渔业产业结构调整,合理布局养殖和捕捞规模,以解决广东渔业规模报酬递减的问题;加强渔业资源保护和增殖放流,利用自然生产力增加可捕捞渔业资源;加强水产良种创制及养殖新模式和新技术的开发,进一步拓展水产养殖空间和提高水产养殖的产出效率。

构建河南省技术要素市场对策研究

【目的】深入挖掘当前河南省技术市场发展过程中存在的问题,从政策环境、体制机制、创新主体等多方面提出对策建议,为后续河南省更好地建设省级技术交易大市场提供思路。【方法】开展河南省技术市场现状分析,研究其目前发展存在的问题。【结果】河南省应在坚持“政府引导、市场化为主”的前提下,围绕制定标准,搭建环境,开展技术转移业务研究,聚集技术转移中介机构,构建跨区域、跨领域、跨机构的,覆盖全省、服务企业的技术要素市场体系,从而形成良好的技术转移发展生态。【结论】技术要素市场对于河南省促进科技资源高效配置、加快区域技术要素自由流动、推动国家技术转移郑州中心和环省科学院创新生态圈建设具有重要意义。

基于应用场景的丘陵山区农业机械化发展路径研究

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