The Use of Code-switching in English Foreign Language Classroom

people used to be negative on the use of code-switching in English foreign language classroom.However,more and moreresearches begin to argue that code-switching does have its practical significance.Some basic concepts of code-switching will first-ly be introduced in the article.Then,there is a literature review of the previous studies on the code-switching in English foreignlanguage class.By exposing detailed researches on it,some implications for teaching pedagogy will be explicated.From differentperspectives of the use of code-switching,this article aims to explore the necessity of code-switching in a context of foreign lan-guage teaching classroom by presenting some latest researches on it and reviewing different views on the use of code-switching inEnglish Foreign Language class.

On Some Properties of Graph of Prefix Code

We investigate decomposition of codes and finite languages. A prime decomposition is a decomposition of a code or languages into a concatenation of nontrivial prime codes or languages. A code is prime if it cannot be decomposed into at least two nontrivial codes as the same for the languages. In the paper, a linear time algorithm is designed, which finds the prime decomposition. If codes or finite languages are presented as given by its minimal deterministic automaton, then from the point of view of abstract algebra and graph theory, this automaton has special properties. The study was conducted using system for computational Discrete Algebra GAP. .

A Cross Language Code Security Audit Framework Based on Normalized Representation

With the rapid development of information technology,audit objects and audit itself are more and more inseparable from software.As an important means of software security audit,code security audit will become an important aspect of future audit that cannot be ignored.However,the existing code security audit ismainly based on source code,which is difficult to meet the audit needs of more and more programming languages and binary commercial software.Based on the idea of normalized transformation,this paper constructs a cross language code security audit framework(CLCSA).CLCSA first uses compile/decompile technology to convert different highlevel programming languages and binary codes into normalized representation,and then usesmachine learning technology to build a cross language code security audit model based on normalized representation to evaluate code security and find out possible code security vulnerabilities.Finally,for the discovered vulnerabilities,the heuristic search strategy will be used to find the best repair scheme from the existing normalized representation sample library for automatic repair,which can improve the effectiveness of code security audit.CLCSA realizes the normalized code security audit of different types and levels of code,which provides a strong support for improving the breadth and depth of code security audit.

The Appliance of Code Switching in the SM Language

Code-switching, a natural phenomenon that consists of alternating two or more languages in bilinguals' discourse, has traditionally been examined in its oral production. For over three decades, much attention has been emphasized on its form,meaning, and grammatical patterns. However, very little research focuses on code-switching in short message form. Code switching is a quite common phenomenon. As cell phones become the communication tools used by people more frequently, short message language(SM) attracts more attention by people. Through analyzing the code switching in the SM language, it will help us understand more about its use and explore more information for our study.

Attitudes of Second Language Learners towards Code-switching in L2 Classroom

This paper chiefly examines the attitudes of second language learners,specifically,Chinese postgraduate students studying in the UK,towards code-switching between English and Mandarin in group discussion in L2 classroom.Questionnaire is implemented as the data collection method and yields some corresponding findings based on research questions.Meanwhile,recent research on code-switching in classroom is introduced briefly.Moreover,limitations and pedagogical implication of the original research mentioned above are elaborated,as well as the implied future research is presented in this area.

CodeSearcher:基于自然语言功能描述的代码查询

在项目开发过程中,开发者需要为实现某一功能而编写代码;在不确定如何使用特定编程语言来实现当前待开发功能时,其往往会在文档或网络资源中进行代码查询。因此,代码查询的有效性会直接影响软件开发的效率。目前,已有相当数量的工具可以用来辅助开发者进行代码查询,但这些工具普遍存在输入形式复杂或者匹配精确度低等问题。文中提出的CodeSearcher是一种基于自然语言功能描述的代码查询方法。CodeSearcher将软件开发垂直领域的问答网站Stack OverFlow的问答记录转换为〈自然语言描述,代码片段〉数据对,使用神经网络模型将“自然语言描述”和“代码片段”映射到相同的向量空间并进行匹配,从而能够支持开发者使用待开发功能的自然语言描述来查询相应代码。CodeSearcher不同于一般的代码查询系统,一方面,它只需要代码本身而不依赖于代码的注释或说明,因此可以支持更多代码查询的场景;另一方面,它拓展了代码查询的流程,使其不再局限于一次性的查询反馈流程,而是在这中间加入了代码询答的流程,利用返回代码片段之间的差异性元素帮助开发者挑选目标代码,使得开发者不需要详细阅读所有返回的代码片段。实验结果表明,CodeSearcher相较于基准有着更好的效果。

AN ALGORITHM OF TEST FOR FUZZY CODES

How to verify that a given fuzzy set A∈F(X *) is a fuzzy code? In this paper, an algorithm of test has been introduced and studied with the example of test. The measure notion for a fuzzy code and a precise formulation of fuzzy codes and words have been discussed. sification:90K20,94D05.

ENERGY CALCULUSIN CHINESE LANGUAGE SEGMENTATION

Based on cognitive science, the EnergyCalculus in Chinese language segmentation was presented to eliminate segmentation ambiguity. The notion of “EnergyCost” was advanced to denote the extent of the under standability of a certain segmentation. EnergyCost function was defined with Z notation. This approcah is effective to all natural language segmentation.

Arsenic effect of English on the Igbo language

Arsenic is a metallic-looking poisonous chemical substance, which is odourless and tasteless. It is used for the manufacture of insecticides and fungicides. Arsenic may be absorbed accidentally through ingestion （food poisoning）, inhalation （toxic air） and permeation of skin. It has been scientifically proved that as little as 20 milligrams of arsenic may be life-threatening. It attacks delicate internal organs of the body, thereby, leading to health disorders and eventual death. On the one hand, this paper is set out to prove that the English language exerts similar killing effects on the Igbo language. On the other hand, the author will suggest ways of salvaging Igbo people＇s mother tongue from such killing effects.

Computer Vision Applied to Recognition Barcodes

The bar code is one of the identification technologies used more successfully in the world. This technology was first developed as the second half of the twentieth century and quickly achieved acceptance in both industry and commerce. In this paper studies are discussed on the design, development and printing of one-dimensional barcodes of the symbologies Code 39 and Interleaved 2 of 5. There are also discussed techniques for recovering the information encoded in the bar code, which can be extended to other symbologies. The purpose of the paper is the development of an open solution with the objective to make the decoding of barcodes using computer vision techniques possible, which will be divided into four basic stages： acquisition, pre-processing, processing and presentation of results. Practical tests conducted with samples show satisfactory results, validating the operating principles of the elements involved. The proposed objective was achieved and practical tests validated the operating principles of the elements addressed by providing contribution to that segment decoding barcodes.

On Language—switching and its Functions

Language-switching is an important part of the study of code-switching. In this paper the author distinguishes code-switching from code-mixing first. Then the relationship between language-switching and borrowing is explained. At last, starting from the perspec tive of sociolinguistics, the author illustrates the special functions of language switching and the special effects and purpose that lan guage-switching can achieve.

Pragmatic Adaptability of Teacher's Codeswitching in English Classes

In this paper,the author applies Jef Verschueren's Pragmatics as a Theory of Linguistic Adaptation as the theoretical basement.And the generation of code- switching is discussed under the guidance of Yu Guodong's Adaptation Model as well.Conclusions can be drawn as: teacher's English/Chinese codeswitching is an adaptation to linguistic reality,social conventions and teacher's psychological intentions,the first two being considered as passive switching and the last being active switching.Teacher's codeswitching as understanding-facilitating strategy forms the most important factor that triggers teacher's English/Chinese codeswitching.

基于模型驱动的密码算法可视化开发平台研究

针对密码算法开发平台普适性差、无法跨平台的问题,本文采用模型驱动实现密码算法开发的方法,设计了一种基于模型驱动的密码算法可视化开发平台,提出了一种基于模型驱动的密码算法开发的领域语言—MCL密码元语言;实现了基于模型的代码生成器和代码映射器.实验证明,该开发平台仅需要开发者拖拽图形块的操作就可以实现密码算法模型的建立,然后平台可以根据建立的密码算法模型生成不同编程环境下的代码.平台实现了C和python的代码映射器模块,密码算法模型可快速映射为C、python代码.平台有较好的实用性,开发者的密码算法实现过程简洁、高效,不同编程环境下的代码均可以通过平台自动生成,提高了密码算法实现的跨平台性.

“私教”还是“枪手”:基于大模型的计算机实践教学探索

以大模型为代表的新一代人工智能技术正深刻影响传统教学模式。在计算机实践教学过程中,如果大模型被合理应用,它可以充当学生的“私教”,辅助学生的个性化学习;否则大模型可能沦为学生完成作业的“枪手”,削弱学生的独立思考及实践能力。该文首先论述了计算机实践教学的层次,并分析了大模型对各个层次实践教学的正面和负面影响。然后,以“算法设计与分析”课程为案例,设计了面向算法设计实践的大模型应用模式,包括过程报告、逆向思考和集中考核等主要形式,初步应用结果表明,84.8%的学生在课程中使用大模型,其中51%的学生认可大模型的帮助作用,大模型应用显著提高了课程实践作业的完成度。

面向业务的资源按需解析模型构建研究

针对在项目开发过程中新需求来临时,需要对自然语言处理工具和资源解析插件进行重新需求分析、重复开发等问题,提出了一套面向业务的资源按需解析方案。首先,提出了一种从需求到代码的资源按需解析方法,针对需求文本本身进行需求概念标引模型的构建。构建的需求概念标引模型的准确率、召回率、F1值等指标均高于其他分类模型。然后,针对需求文本与代码的关联,建立从需求文本到代码库类别的映射机制。对于模型的映射结果,使用前K准确率(percision@K)作为评价指标,最终准确率达到60%,具有一定的实用价值。综上所述,探索了一套具有需求解析能力、实现需求与代码关联的资源按需解析关键技术,并贯穿需求文本分类、需求代码库分类、代码库检索到插件生成的整个流程,形成了完整的“需求-代码-插件-解析”的业务闭环,通过实验验证了所提方法对于资源按需解析的有效性,为业务需求分析与软件复用提供了思路,与现有用于业务需求的解析和代码生成的大语言模型相比,所提方法聚焦于具体业务领域内的含有业务特点的插件代码复用全流程的实现。

基于大语言模型的个性化实验报告评语自动生成与应用

在计算机实验报告评阅过程中,不同的实验报告评价体系呈现出多样性和差异性,固化的实验评语模板缺乏个性化的内容,评价结果往往未给出可解释性的依据。针对以上问题,提出基于大语言模型的个性化实验报告评语自动生成框架。通过主题-评估决策-集成提示策略,从教师的实验需求、代码质量需求中抽取该实验特有的评价体系,形成评估决策树,构建计算机软件方向课程共享的评估决策树库。设计基于大语言模型和决策树的实验要求、代码质量主题评级方法,从评估决策树库检索匹配学生实验报告内容的评估决策树,结合实验报告和代码文本,自动生成实验主题、代码质量主题定量或定性的评级结果及对应的可解释性依据。在实验报告模板中融入学生已完成的实验任务、主题评级结果、评价依据等,生成个性化的实验评语。实验结果表明,基于主题-评估决策-集成提示策略的决策树生成结果明显优于未用提示的方法,该策略各部分具有一定的有效性和合理性,同时自动生成的评级结果和教师原先批阅的评阅结果对比,软件测试、面向对象程序设计、电商金融课程示例匹配正确率均达到90%以上。从任课教师对于自动生成的评语评分分析,评语在流畅性、相关性、合理性3个维度上达到了较高的质量水平。

大语言模型背景下计算机语言课程教学策略

为促进大语言模型在计算机语言课程教学中的有效利用,并减少其负面影响,针对大语言模型引入计算机语言教学后产生的缺点,提出一系列改进策略。这些策略包括明确指导原则、大模型使用说明、优化课程作业任务和鼓励学生进行代码验证和理解。综合这些策略,可以有效利用大语言模型的优势,提高计算机语言教学质量与效率,同时确保学术诚信,减少学生对模型的过度依赖。这些策略增强学生的编程技能和算法思维,提升学习效果,为实际教学提供依据。

基于提示学习和超球原型的小样本ICD自动编码方法

针对国际疾病分类(ICD)自动编码方法的长文本处理、编码的层次结构以及长尾分布等导致的模型泛化能力弱的问题,提出一种充分利用医学预训练语言模型的基于提示学习和超球原型的小样本ICD自动编码方法(hypersphere prototypical with prompt learning,PromptHP)。首先,将编码描述与临床文本融合进提示学习模型中的提示模板,使得模型能够更加深入地理解临床文本;然后,充分利用预训练语言模型的先验知识进行初始预测;接着,在预训练语言模型输出表示的基础上引入超球原型进行类别建模和度量分类,并在医学数据集上微调网络,充分纳入数据知识,提高模型在小样本ICD编码分配任务上的性能;最后,对以上两部分预测结果集成加权获得最终编码预测结果。在公开医学数据集MIMIC-Ⅲ上的实验结果表明,该模型优于最先进的基线方法,PromptHP将小样本编码的macro-AUC、micro-AUC、macro-F_(1)和micro-F_(1)分别提高了1.77%、1.54%、14.22%、15.01%。实验结果验证了该模型在小样本编码分类任务中的有效性。

模板运算代码的自动生成与调优框架

针对现有模板代码生成方法不支持多图形处理器(GPU)、调优不充分等问题,提出一种由领域专用语言(DSL)描述的模板代码的自动生成与调优框架。在代码自动生成阶段,该框架能够自动解析上层提供的描述语言,构建计算图进而生成模板运算的统一计算设备架构(CUDA)核函数,同时根据单GPU或多GPU环境生成不同的主机端代码。在代码调优阶段,根据不同的GPU型号确定候选参数范围,动态调用生成的CUDA核函数以确定最优参数。在多GPU的情况下,自动生成的主机端代码能够使用计算与通信重叠的方法进行边界数据交换。在4种不同的GPU与7、13、19、27点模板运算中,该框架能找到最优的参数配置。实验结果表明,对于Tesla V100-SXM2,以调优过的参数进行模板运算,该框架在单精度4种模板运算下的每秒万亿次浮点运算数(TFLOPs)分别为1.230、1.680、1.120、1.480,在双精度下分别为0.690、1.010、0.480、1.470,平均性能达到手工优化代码的98%,并且描述更简单,支持多GPU扩展。

合同文本置标语言CTML:一种面向智能法律合约的法律信息规范化提取方法

智能合约在法律层面的关注度不断提高,如何将现实法律合同转化为智能合约程序,保证法律元素提取和程序转换的规范化已经成为当前的研究热点.据此,从合约模板化和语义规范化的角度出发,提出一种合同文本置标语言(CTML),通过对合同中语法、结构、词汇的内容进行标注,实现合同要素的提取与转化.首先,构建合同元模型并建立“要素-属性-成分”的三层语义结构与数源标记语法规则,基于元模型设计面向合同文本的置标语言语法规则,通过CTML完成法律信息规范化提取,形成标注合同;其次,通过递归抽象语法树(AST)并建立映射关系,设计由标注合同到智能法律合约的转换规则,完善法律合同到智能合约可执行代码的转化链条.进而,以保理合同为例,演示了合同文本置标语言的语义提取和代码生成的实际效果,为普通法律合同转化成为智能合约提供了一种技术方法.