Three-dimensional Simulation of Gas/Solid Flow in Spout-fluid Beds with Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow

A three-dimensional Eulerian multiphase model, with closure law according to the kinetic theory of granular flow, was used to study the gas/solid flow behaviors in spout-fluid beds. The influences of the coefficient of restitution due to non-ideal particle collisions on the simulated results were tested. It is demonstrated that the simulated result is strongly affected by the coefficient of restitution. Comparison of simulations with experiments in a small spout-fluid bed showed that an appropriate coefficient of restitution of 0.93 was necessary to simulate the flow characteristics in an underdesigned large size of spout-fluid bed coal gasifier with diameter of 1m and height of 6m. The internal jet and gas/solid flow patterns at different operating conditions were obtained. The simulations show that an optimal gas/solid flow pattern for coal gasification is found when the spouting gas flow rate is equal to the fluidizing gas flow rate and the total of them is two and a half times the minimum fluidizing gas flow rate. Be-sides, the radial distributions of particle velocity and gas velocity show similar tendencies; the radial distributions of particle phase pressure due to particle collisions and the particle pseudo-temperature corresponding to the macro-scopic kinetic energy of the random particle motion also show similar tendencies. These indicate that both gas drag force and particle collisions dominate the movement of particles.

THE THEORY OF CURRENT TRANSIENTS AT TUBULAR ELECTRODES IN A FLOWING FLUID

A theoretical equation is developed which describes the response of the current transients to a constant potential at tubular electrodes for a reversible electrode reaction in the flowing fluid.

Linear stability of plane creeping Couette flow for Burgers fluid

It is well known that plane creeping Couette flow of UCM and Oldroy-B fluids are linearly stable. However, for Burges fluid, which includes UCM and Oldroyd-B fluids as special cases, unstable modes are detected in the present work. The wave speed, critical parameters and perturbation mode are studied for neutral waves. Energy analysis shows that the sustaining of perturbation energy in Poiseuille flow and Couette flow is completely different. At low Reynolds number limit, analytical solutions are obtained for simpli- fied perturbation equations. The essential difference between Burgers fluid and Oldroyd-B fluid is revealed to be the fact that neutral mode exists only in the former.

Gao's interacting shear flows( ISF) theory and its inferences and their applications

Gao＇s viscous/in-viscid interacting shear flows （ISF） theory, proposed by professor Gao Zhi in Institute of Mechanics, China Academy of Science, and its inferences and their applications in computational fluid dynamics （CFD） are reviewed and some subjects worthy to be studied are pro- posed in this paper. The flow-field and motion law of ISF, mathematics definition of strong viscous shear layer flow in ISF, ISF equations, wall-surface compatibility criteria （Gao＇s criteria ）, space scale variety law of strong viscous shear layer reveals flow mechanism and local space small scale triggered by strong interaction that cause some abnormal severe local pneumatic heating phenomenon in hypersonic flow. Gao＇s ISF theory was used in near wall flow, free ISF flow simulation and design of computing grids, Gao＇s wall-surface criteria were used to verify calculation reliability and accuracy of near wall flows, ISF theory approximate analytical result of shock waves-boundary layer interac- tion and ISF equations were used to obtain the numerical exact solution of local area flow （ such as stationary point flow）. Some new subjects, such as, improving near-wall turbulent models according to the turbulent flow simulation satisfying the wall-criteria and illustrating relation between grid-con- vergence based on the wall criteria and other convergence tactics, are suggested. The necessity of applying Gao＇s ISF theory and wall criteria is revealed. Difficulties and importance of hypersonic vis- cous/in-viscid interaction phenomenon were also emphasized.

Flow Behaviors of Gas-Solid Injector by 3D Simulation with Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow

由 Eulerian 途径的一个煤气固体的注射者的流动行为上的计算研究被执行。煤气的阶段与 k- 被建模狂暴的模型和粒子阶段与小粒的流动的运动理论被建模。由 Eulerian 二液体的模型(TFM ) 的模拟与由分离元素方法(DEM ) 和实验的相应结果相比。它被看模仿的结果在对的合理同意的那 TFM 试验性并且模仿的 DEM 结果。基于 TFM 模拟，煤气固体的流动模式，煤气的速度，粒子速度和静电干扰在不同开车喷气速度， backpressure 和会聚的节角度下面的压力被获得。结果证明平均轴的煤气的速度严厉地减少了然后稍微在水平传送增加了到经常的价值的时间尖叫。轴的粒子速度开始增加了然后减少的时间一般水准，但是在会聚的节的插头区域，粒子速度显著地再次增加了到最大的价值。总体上，静态的压力分发变化趋势被发现在驾驶煤气的速度， backpressure 和会聚的节角度上独立。然而，静态的压力随会聚的节角度和煤气的喷气速度的增加增加了。到 backpressure 的静态的压力的差别与增加 backpressure 增加了。

Unsteady three-dimensional MHD flow of the micropolar fluid over an oscillatory disk with Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion

Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux models are considered rather than Fourier and Fick laws due to the presence of thermal and concentration transport hyperbolic phenomena. The generalized form of the Navier-Stokes model is considered in hydromagnetic flow. Three-dimensional (3D) unsteady fluid motion is generated by the periodic oscillations of a rotating disk. Similarity transformations are used to obtain the normalized fluid flow model. The successive over relaxation (SOR) method with finite difference schemes are accomplished for the numerical solution of the obtained partial differential non-linear system. The flow features of the velocity, microrotation, temperature, and concentration fields are discussed in pictorial forms for various physical flow parameters. The couple stresses and heat and mass transfer rates for different physical quantities are explained via tabular forms. For better insight of the physical fluid model, 3D fluid phenomena and two-dimensional (2D) contours are also plotted. The results show that the micropolar fluids contain microstructure having non-symmetric stress tensor and are useful in lubrication theory. Moreover, the thermal and concentration waves in Cattaneo-Christov models have a significance role in the laser heating and enhancement in thermal conductivity.

Fluid discrimination incorporating amplitude variation with angle inversion and squirt flow of the fluid

Pre-stack seismic inversion is an important method for fluid identification and reservoir characterization in exploration geophysics. In this study, an effective fluid factor is initially established based on Biot poroelastic theory, and a pre-stack seismic inversion method based on Bayesian framework is used to implement the fluid identification. Compared with conventional elastic parameters, fluid factors are more sensitive to oil and gas. However, the coupling effect between rock porosity and fluid content is not considered in conventional fluid factors, which may lead to fuzzy fluid identification results. In addition,existing fluid factors do not adequately consider the physical mechanisms of fluid content, such as squirt flow between cracks and pores. Therefore, we propose a squirt fluid factor(SFF) that minimizes the fluid and pore mixing effects and takes into account the squirt flow. On this basis, a novel P-wave reflection coefficient equation is derived, and the squirt fluid factor is estimated by amplitude variation with offset(AVO) inversion method. The new reflection coefficient equation has sufficient accuracy and can be utilized to estimate the parameters. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in fluid identification are verified by the synthetic and field examples.

基于加压酸浸锰烟尘过程中固-液两相流体力学特性CFD模拟

将欧拉-欧拉(E-E)双流体模型、颗粒动力学理论(KTGF)与k-ε湍流模型耦合,以搅拌速度、固相体积分数为变量探究对釜体内液相速率、液相湍流动能的影响.结果表明:釜体内的液相速率、湍流动能与搅拌速度成正相关,且与固相体积分数的大小成负相关.当固体体积分数为2.5%、7%、13%,对应液相速度下降幅度为8%,16.2%,18.4%,对应湍动能下降幅度为7.6%,13.2%,20.6%.

Numerical Investigation on Fluid Structure Interaction Considering Rotor Deformation for a Centrifugal Pump

The existing research for unsteady flow field and the corresponding flow induced vibration analysis of centrifugal pump are mainly carried out respectively without considering the interaction between fluid and structure. The ignorance of fluid structure interaction （FSI） means that the energy transfer between fluid and structure is neglected. To some extent, the accuracy and reliability of unsteady flow and rotor deflection analysis should be affected by this interaction mechanism. In this paper, a combined calculation between two executables for turbulent flow and vibrating structure was established using two-way coupling method to study the effect of FSI. Pressure distributions, radial forces, rotor deflection and equivalent stress are analyzed. The results show that the FSI effect to pressure distribution in flow field is complex. The pressure distribution is affected not only around impeller outlet where different variation trends of pressure values with and without FSI appear according to different relative positions between blade and cutwater, but also in the diffusion section of volute. Variation trends of peak values of radial force amplitude calculated with and without FSI are nearly same under high flow rate and designed conditions while the peak value with FSI is slightly smaller, and differently, the peak value with FSI is larger with low flow rate. In addition, the effect of FSI on the angle of radial force is quite complex, especially under 0.5Q condition. Fluctuation of radial deflection of the rotor has obvious four periods, of which the extent is relatively small under design condition and is relatively large under off-design condition. Finally, fluctuations of equivalent stress with time are obvious under different conditions, and stress value is small. The proposed research establishes the FSI calculation method for centrifugal pump analysis, and ensures the existing affect by fluid structure interaction.

Dynamics of bioconvection flow of micropolar nanoparticles with Cattaneo-Christov expressions

A numerical analysis is performed to analyze the bioconvective double diffusive micropolar non-Newtonian nanofluid flow caused by stationary porous disks.The consequences of the current flow problem are further extended by incorporating the Brownian and thermophoresis aspects.The energy and mass species equations are developed by utilizing the Cattaneo and Christov model of heat-mass fluxes.The flow equations are converted into an ordinary differential model by employing the appropriate variables.The numerical solution is reported by using the MATLAB builtin bvp4c method.The consequences of engineering parameters on the flow velocity,the concentration,the microorganisms,and the temperature profiles are evaluated graphically.The numerical data for fascinating physical quantities,namely,the motile density number,the local Sherwood number,and the local Nusselt number,are calculated and executed against various parametric values.The microrotation magnitude reduces for increasing magnetic parameters.The intensity of the applied magnetic field may be utilized to reduce the angular rotation which occurs in the lubrication processes,especially in the suspension of flows.On the account of industrial applications,the constituted output can be useful to enhance the energy transport efficacy and microbial fuel cells.

Numerical simulations of gas-particle flow behavior created by low-level rotary-winged aircraft flight over particle bed

The aerodynamics of gas-particle suspensions is simulated as an Euler-Euler two-fluid model in a revolving rotor over a particle bed. The interactions of collisions between the blade and particles and particle-particle interactions are modeled using the kinetic theory of granular flow(KTGF). The gas turbulence induced by the rotation of the rotor is modeled using the kg-εg model. The flow field of a revolving rotor is simulated using the multiple reference frame(MRF) method. The distributions of velocities, volume fractions, and gas pressure are predicted while the aircraft hovers at different altitudes.The gas pressure decreases from the hub to the tip of the blade, and it is higher at the pressure side than that at the suction side of the rotor. The turbulent kinetic energy of the gas increases toward the blade tip. The volume fraction of particles decreases as the hovering altitude increases. The simulated pressure coefficient is compared with that in experimental measurements.

某金矿掘进工作面粉尘浓度分布及影响因素分析

金属非金属地下矿山掘进巷道钻孔、爆破、铲装等作业工序产生大量岩尘,导致井巷空间粉尘浓度高,危害职工健康和影响作业环境。以某金矿掘进巷道为研究对象,建立掘进巷道压入式通风模型,依据气固两相流理论,结合现场测定数据,利用Fluent软件分析风筒布不同布置条件下除尘效果,得出巷道内粉尘运移规律和风速分布情况。研究发现:风机压入风流在掌子面附近形成涡流,携带粉尘在掌子面附近涡旋,不利于粉尘的排出,风筒布出口距掌子面7~8 m风流逐渐稳定流向回风巷;当风筒布出口距掌子面8 m,高度为1.5 m时,巷道内粉尘排出较快,除尘效果最为理想。研究结果对指导掘进工作面粉尘防治具有一定的指导意义。

含大块石泥石流冲击下连续刚构桥动力学行为研究

为研究连续刚构桥在含大块石泥石流冲击作用下的动力学行为,基于欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)流固耦合理论,建立了泥石流浆体-大块石-连续刚构桥动态相互作用模型。以牛栏江特大桥为研究对象,分析泥石流冲击下桥梁的动力学行为,探讨了不同泥石流特性对桥梁横向振动的影响。结果表明:泥石流浆液-大块石耦合作用对桥梁冲击力更大,大块石撞击位置处桥墩混凝土发生破碎;泥石流浆液冲击速度、大块石冲击速度和大块石直径对桥梁横向振动影响较大,增大泥石流冲击速度和大块石直径,主梁跨中和墩顶横向位移均急剧变大。

双喷腾分解炉内气固两相流场的数值模拟

对水泥工业中广泛应用的双喷腾分解炉内的气固两相流场进行了数值模拟,气相在Euler坐标系下采用k-ε双方程模型表示,固相颗粒在Lagrange坐标系下采用随机轨道模型表示。模拟的结果预测了分解炉内气固两相流场的运动规律,为分析双喷腾分解炉内的气固运动规律和预测固体颗粒在炉内的停留时间提供了有利信息。

水平管道内固液两相流流动特性的CFD模拟

引言 固液两相流管道水力输送技术始于20世纪初，现已广泛应用于能源、化工、石油、矿业、水利、冶金及环保等各工业领域，量化管道内固液两相流流动特性对于指导输送系统的安全运行及优化设计尤为关键。长期以来，两相流复杂的力学特性给其流动过程的数学建模及模型求解带来了诸多困难。在研究两相流的流动特性时，基于宏观实验现象对其进行数学描述的方法已被广泛采用。

渗流-化学溶解耦合作用下岩石单裂隙渗透特性研究

为揭示在渗流-化学溶解耦合作用下单裂隙渗透特性的变化规律,建立了描述二维渗流-化学溶解耦合作用的偏微分方程组,并利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件成功地求解该方程组。首先,模拟了文献[1]中的盐岩渗流-溶解耦合渗流试验结果,数值模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合,验证了数学模型的正确性和有效性。然后,利用分形理论生成了一个粗糙的裂隙面数字模型,着重分析了二维石灰岩粗糙裂隙面在水流、矿物溶解和输运过程中其渗透特性的变化规律。数值分析显示,(1)溶质浓度对裂隙面的溶解具有非常重要的作用,从而水流进口端的溶解厚度比出口端大得多。(2)裂隙的整体渗透性在初始时刻增加较慢,随着裂隙开度的增大和贯通,溶解速度会逐渐增大,是一个加速的过程。

一种复杂介质中渗流描述的广义方法

实验研究和现场实践表明 ,流体渗流的非线性和流态的多变性是复杂介质储层中的主要特征。根据实验渗流曲线的非线性特征 ,并结合微分原理 ,提出了一种广义的渗流描述法。文中详细地介绍了该方法的原理和一般步骤 ,以及使用过程中应当注意的问题。该方法不但可以描述流体渗流的非线性 ,而且还能方便地确定出流体在任一流速或者任一压力梯度下的渗流方程 ,从而可以有效地描述渗流过程中流体流态的多变性。

基于挤喷流效应的Russell流体因子推广及应用

在油气勘探与开发过程中,寻求能够从地震资料中直接识别储层油气的流体指示因子至关重要.由于现存多数流体指示因子都是在Biot理论假设前提下建立起来的,因此在双相孔隙介质条件下不能有效地识别流体.为此,本文基于前人提出的双孔介质统一波动理论,考虑岩石裂缝间挤喷流效应,在经典流体指示因子基础上构建了一种新的流体指示因子.该流体因子能够较好地反映岩石内孔隙流体的变化对波传播产生的影响.在实际资料的应用中,采用多种方法分析、对比该流体识别因子与以Biot理论为基础的传统流体因子的优劣,理论分析与实际资料的验证表明该流体因子对于储层中油气的检测有较高的精度和灵敏度.

基于CFD的船舶阻力预报方法研究

根据船舶阻力成分及预报方法进行分析讨论,提出基于CFD的方法进行船舶阻力数值预报.分别基于势流和粘性流理论对船舶阻力进行预报,将阻力系数与试验值进行对比.基于粘性流体理论求解获得船体的粘性总阻力及摩擦阻力,基于势流理论直接求解欧拉方程获得船体兴波阻力.通过对某油船在各航速下的阻力理论计算结果与船模试验值的比较表明,该方法计算速度快,经济性好,且预报精确度高,完全满足工程需要,可以在实际工程使用.

平行刚性圆盘间有壁面滑移时宾汉流体的挤压流动

两平行刚性圆盘间流体的挤压流动模型是一个基本的力学模型。流体与壁面存在滑移会对挤压黏性力产生影响。以Reynolds润滑理论为基础 ,研究了存在滑移时两刚性圆盘间宾汉流体的挤压流动。研究结果表明 ,随着滑移参数的增加 ,挤压黏性力减小 ,流体刚性层厚度增加 ;当滑移参数趋于无穷大时 ,所有流体都处于刚性运动状态 。