Ethnic Minorities account for a small proportion of a country's total population,but play an important role in the country's development in almost all aspects.China,with a total population of 1.3 billion(Natio...Ethnic Minorities account for a small proportion of a country's total population,but play an important role in the country's development in almost all aspects.China,with a total population of 1.3 billion(National Bureau of Statistics of China,2003),is the most populous country in the world.Among the total 56 ethnic groups,Han ethnic group has the greatest popula tion.Since 2000,the total population of other 55 ethnic groups is 106.43 million,accounts for 8.41% of the total population of the whole country(Information Office of the State Council of the PRC,2009).The illiteracy rate among minority students was always high,and even over 95% before 1949(Information Office of the State Council of the PRC,2000).The learning achieve ment gap between majority and minority students do exist,and has been one of the biggest problems for the further development of education in China.展开更多
Chinese college English Language Curriculum is a complicated teaching system combined with a variety of teaching modes and teaching methodologies. It is guided by foreign language teaching theories and takes the Engli...Chinese college English Language Curriculum is a complicated teaching system combined with a variety of teaching modes and teaching methodologies. It is guided by foreign language teaching theories and takes the English language knowledge and application skills, cross-cultural communication and learning strategies as its main content. In addition, as the main basis of English education for non-English major undergraduates in colleges and universities, this curriculum helps to cultivate students' English comprehensive application ability, especially for their listening and speaking skills while improving their abilities of selfeducation. It can also strengthen learners' comprehensive cultural quality in order to meet the need of social development and international communication.展开更多
The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attr...The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attribute importance,Skowron discernibility matrix,and information entropy,struggle to effectively manages multiple uncertainties simultaneously in HDISs like the precise measurement of disparities between nominal attribute values,and attributes with fuzzy boundaries and abnormal values.In order to address the aforementioned issues,this paper delves into the study of attribute reduction withinHDISs.First of all,a novel metric based on the decision attribute is introduced to solve the problem of accurately measuring the differences between nominal attribute values.The newly introduced distance metric has been christened the supervised distance that can effectively quantify the differences between the nominal attribute values.Then,based on the newly developed metric,a novel fuzzy relationship is defined from the perspective of“feedback on parity of attribute values to attribute sets”.This new fuzzy relationship serves as a valuable tool in addressing the challenges posed by abnormal attribute values.Furthermore,leveraging the newly introduced fuzzy relationship,the fuzzy conditional information entropy is defined as a solution to the challenges posed by fuzzy attributes.It effectively quantifies the uncertainty associated with fuzzy attribute values,thereby providing a robust framework for handling fuzzy information in hybrid information systems.Finally,an algorithm for attribute reduction utilizing the fuzzy conditional information entropy is presented.The experimental results on 12 datasets show that the average reduction rate of our algorithm reaches 84.04%,and the classification accuracy is improved by 3.91%compared to the original dataset,and by an average of 11.25%compared to the other 9 state-of-the-art reduction algorithms.The comprehensive analysis of these research results clearly indicates that our algorithm is highly effective in managing the intricate uncertainties inherent in hybrid data.展开更多
The Rough Sets Theory is used in data mining with emphasis on the treatment of uncertain or vague information. In the case of classification, this theory implicitly calculates reducts of the full set of attributes, el...The Rough Sets Theory is used in data mining with emphasis on the treatment of uncertain or vague information. In the case of classification, this theory implicitly calculates reducts of the full set of attributes, eliminating those that are redundant or meaningless. Such reducts may even serve as input to other classifiers other than Rough Sets. The typical high dimensionality of current databases precludes the use of greedy methods to find optimal or suboptimal reducts in the search space and requires the use of stochastic methods. In this context, the calculation of reducts is typically performed by a genetic algorithm, but other metaheuristics have been proposed with better performance. This work proposes the innovative use of two known metaheuristics for this calculation, the Variable Neighborhood Search, the Variable Neighborhood Descent, besides a third heuristic called Decrescent Cardinality Search. The last one is a new heuristic specifically proposed for reduct calculation. Considering some databases commonly found in the literature of the area, the reducts that have been obtained present lower cardinality, i.e., a lower number of attributes.展开更多
Attribution theories are well established in the field of social psychology.However,the transfer to the context of human resource management is still developing.Only recently,the understanding of the importance of psy...Attribution theories are well established in the field of social psychology.However,the transfer to the context of human resource management is still developing.Only recently,the understanding of the importance of psychological insights in this field has begun to grow.The research takes a closer look on the way individuals locate the causes of their actions.It can potentially influence important decisions in the context of human resource management.This article sheds light on the theoretical foundations,causes,and effects.展开更多
文摘Ethnic Minorities account for a small proportion of a country's total population,but play an important role in the country's development in almost all aspects.China,with a total population of 1.3 billion(National Bureau of Statistics of China,2003),is the most populous country in the world.Among the total 56 ethnic groups,Han ethnic group has the greatest popula tion.Since 2000,the total population of other 55 ethnic groups is 106.43 million,accounts for 8.41% of the total population of the whole country(Information Office of the State Council of the PRC,2009).The illiteracy rate among minority students was always high,and even over 95% before 1949(Information Office of the State Council of the PRC,2000).The learning achieve ment gap between majority and minority students do exist,and has been one of the biggest problems for the further development of education in China.
文摘Chinese college English Language Curriculum is a complicated teaching system combined with a variety of teaching modes and teaching methodologies. It is guided by foreign language teaching theories and takes the English language knowledge and application skills, cross-cultural communication and learning strategies as its main content. In addition, as the main basis of English education for non-English major undergraduates in colleges and universities, this curriculum helps to cultivate students' English comprehensive application ability, especially for their listening and speaking skills while improving their abilities of selfeducation. It can also strengthen learners' comprehensive cultural quality in order to meet the need of social development and international communication.
基金Anhui Province Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities(2023AH040321)Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Anhui Colleges(2022AH010098).
文摘The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attribute importance,Skowron discernibility matrix,and information entropy,struggle to effectively manages multiple uncertainties simultaneously in HDISs like the precise measurement of disparities between nominal attribute values,and attributes with fuzzy boundaries and abnormal values.In order to address the aforementioned issues,this paper delves into the study of attribute reduction withinHDISs.First of all,a novel metric based on the decision attribute is introduced to solve the problem of accurately measuring the differences between nominal attribute values.The newly introduced distance metric has been christened the supervised distance that can effectively quantify the differences between the nominal attribute values.Then,based on the newly developed metric,a novel fuzzy relationship is defined from the perspective of“feedback on parity of attribute values to attribute sets”.This new fuzzy relationship serves as a valuable tool in addressing the challenges posed by abnormal attribute values.Furthermore,leveraging the newly introduced fuzzy relationship,the fuzzy conditional information entropy is defined as a solution to the challenges posed by fuzzy attributes.It effectively quantifies the uncertainty associated with fuzzy attribute values,thereby providing a robust framework for handling fuzzy information in hybrid information systems.Finally,an algorithm for attribute reduction utilizing the fuzzy conditional information entropy is presented.The experimental results on 12 datasets show that the average reduction rate of our algorithm reaches 84.04%,and the classification accuracy is improved by 3.91%compared to the original dataset,and by an average of 11.25%compared to the other 9 state-of-the-art reduction algorithms.The comprehensive analysis of these research results clearly indicates that our algorithm is highly effective in managing the intricate uncertainties inherent in hybrid data.
文摘The Rough Sets Theory is used in data mining with emphasis on the treatment of uncertain or vague information. In the case of classification, this theory implicitly calculates reducts of the full set of attributes, eliminating those that are redundant or meaningless. Such reducts may even serve as input to other classifiers other than Rough Sets. The typical high dimensionality of current databases precludes the use of greedy methods to find optimal or suboptimal reducts in the search space and requires the use of stochastic methods. In this context, the calculation of reducts is typically performed by a genetic algorithm, but other metaheuristics have been proposed with better performance. This work proposes the innovative use of two known metaheuristics for this calculation, the Variable Neighborhood Search, the Variable Neighborhood Descent, besides a third heuristic called Decrescent Cardinality Search. The last one is a new heuristic specifically proposed for reduct calculation. Considering some databases commonly found in the literature of the area, the reducts that have been obtained present lower cardinality, i.e., a lower number of attributes.
文摘Attribution theories are well established in the field of social psychology.However,the transfer to the context of human resource management is still developing.Only recently,the understanding of the importance of psychological insights in this field has begun to grow.The research takes a closer look on the way individuals locate the causes of their actions.It can potentially influence important decisions in the context of human resource management.This article sheds light on the theoretical foundations,causes,and effects.
