Evaluation of Clinician Training in Autism Screening, Care Management, and Patient Education

Objective: The demand for pediatric developmental evaluations has far exceeded the workforce available to perform them, which creates long significant wait times for services. A year-long clinician training using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO®) model with monthly meetings was conducted and evaluated for its impact on primary care clinicians’ self-reported self-efficacy, ability to administer autism screening and counsel families, professional fulfillment, and burnout. Methods: Participants represented six community health centers and a hospital-based practice. Data collection was informed by participant feedback and the Normalization Process Theory via online surveys and focus groups/interviews. Twelve virtual monthly trainings were delivered between November 2020 and October 2021. Results: 30 clinicians participated in data collection. Matched analyses (n = 9) indicated statistically significant increase in self-rated ability to counsel families about autism (Pre-test Mean = 3.00, Post-test Mean = 3.89, p = 0.0313), manage autistic patients’ care (Pre-test Mean = 2.56, Post-test Mean = 4.11, p = 0.0078), empathy toward patients (Pre-test Mean = 2.11, Post-test Mean = 1.22, p = 0.0156) and colleagues (Pre-test Mean = 2.33, Post-test Mean = 1.22, respectively, p = 0.0391). Unmatched analysis revealed increases in participants confident about educating patients about autism (70.59%, post-test n = 12 vs. 3.33%, pre-test n = 1, p = 0.0019). Focus groups found increased confidence in using the term “autism”. Conclusion: Participants reported increases in ability and confidence to care for autistic patients, as well as empathy toward patients and colleagues. Future research should explore long-term outcomes in participants’ knowledge retention, confidence in practice, and improvements to autism evaluations and care.

Roles of Training Materials in Continuing Education of EFL Teachers

In the continuing education of EFL teachers, a set of standardized and systematic training materials is vitally needed. And such a set of training materials will be distinctive for the multi-dimensions and the inter-activities. When taking into account the two aspects, we argue that the training materials should consist of four features classified as: an instrument of skill-training, a conveyor for theory-inputting, a guide to methodology-practising and a motivator of interactivity-promoting. And the four will be integrated in an organic whole so as to accomplish the mission in refreshing school teachers’ English skills, renewing their concepts, and developing their teaching potential and their awareness in research-based teaching.

The need analysis of backbone civilian nurses post-oriented education training in China

To learn about the need of post-oriented education training of backbone civilian nurses,and to provide scientific evidence for the promotion of training. Methods The convenience sampling method was performed,and an anonymous survey on 324 nurses who participated in the "backbone civilian nurses training program"from September 2013 to October 2015 was carried out by using self-made questionnaire.Results(1)Among the 324 nurses,12. 04% of them volunteered to participate in the training and 87. 96%were sent by their departments.(2)More than 90% of training contents met their needs.(3)The training methods in demand included theoretical classroom teaching,clinical observation and probation,seminars,clinical management practice,clinical problem discussion and clinical nursing practice(4)The training period suggested by most nurses was about 2 to 4 weeks. Conclusion It is important to strengthen the significance of post-oriented education training and to improve the quality and capacity of civilian through scientific education design and practical training programs.

Continuity of Natural Science Education in the System of“School-University”

At the present time,new state compulsory standards for school education,standard curricula,and curricula have been developed.The programs of higher and postgraduate education do not take into account changes in educational curricula of secondary education.The future specialists of pedagogical universities are teachers of the school.Therefore,graduates of universities on pedagogical specialties,including scientific direction,should be profoundly aware of the content of subjects studied in secondary education.It is very important to understand the need to ensure the continuity of educational curricula of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education.The relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of continuity in the educational programs of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education;discrepancy of professional competences of young pedagogical staff,graduates of higher educational institutions,to the conditions of the updated content of school education;the lack of fundamental and applied research to date,considering the theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring the continuity of natural science education in the“school-university”system in the context of updating the content of education;the need for the research in the context of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2019,which indicates an increase in the prestige of the profession of teachers and an increase in their quality.These theoretical and methodological bases for ensuring the continuity of educational programs of higher pedagogical and secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education will make it possible to introduce changes in the educational curricula of higher and postgraduate education for the training of pedagogical personnel.

美国教师教育研究的热点领域与前沿主题的可视化分析——基于《Journal of Teacher Education》2000-2015年刊载文献

以美国SSCI数据库中教师教育研究的权威期刊《Journal of Teacher Education》2000-2015年刊载文献为数据源,运用文献计量可视化软件Cite Space中的文献共被引和关键词共现技术,对美国21世纪以来教师教育领域发展的热点领域与前沿主题进行分析表明:多元文化教师培养、教师知识基础、教师教育改革、连续性教师职业指导是美国教师教育研究关注的热点领域。在美国教师教育研究的各大前沿主题中,教师教育改革和教育政策一直保持着稳健的演进趋势。以视频分析和量化研究为代表的新型研究方法正成为美国教师教育研究的最新前沿主题。

A comparison of ophthalmic education in China and America

Training qualified ophthalmic professional is crucial for any eye care system worldwide.Education of modern western Ophthalmology in China started late but develops rapidly.This review focused on ophthalmic education in China and US,describing details of the programs and analyzing the differences.This summary may provide useful information for practitioners of medical education from both countries and help improve the present training designs.

Health Training Needs at Primary Care Level Health Facilities in Rural Western Uganda

Introduction: Continual education is recognized worldwide as a tool for the professional development of health care practitioners. It is however effective when the training targets the appropriate needs of the target beneficiaries. This study was therefore aimed at identifying priority training needs of Primary Care Level health professionals in rural Western Uganda. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey among 35 rural community health facilities represented by their managers in rural Western Uganda. Participants were invited to Mbarara University of Science and Technology and responded to a self-administered questionnaire and also participated in qualitative group discussions guided by Facilitators from the Community Based Education and Research Services unit within the Community Health Department of Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Priority health training needs were determined based on the computed weighted scores. Results: The majority of managers of rural primary care level health facilities were medical officers by the level of training (51.43%) and male by gender (68.57%). Priority health training needs identified were child health and maternal health with total weighted scores of 12.0 and 10.9 respectively. Qualitatively, emerging themes included;leadership and management, and supervisory roles during student field attachments. Conclusion: Priority health training needs at rural Primary Care level health facilities were child health, maternal health, leadership and management, and supervisory skills. There is dire need to train rural primary care level, health professionals. In-service training based on identified needs should be offered by MUST in partnership with regional stakeholders. This is likely to enhance the quality of services provided by rural primary care level health facilities.

5A教学模式在普通外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨5A教学模式在普通外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法采用随机对照研究方法,以2020年1月至2022年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心普通外科医学部接受住院医师规范化培训并进入本研究团队主诊组轮转学习的学员为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组20名,采用5A教学模式;对照组20名,采用传统教学模式。对2组学员进行理论考核、临床技能考核和综合能力考核,记录考核成绩,并比较2组的教学效果。结果相对于对照组,试验组学员在消毒铺巾、切开缝合和腔镜技能考核3个方面的成绩得到提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组学员在团队协作和科学研究2个方面的成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组学员带教满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论5A教学模式可以显著提高学员的临床实践操作、团队协作和科学研究能力,可作为普通外科住院医师规范化培训的有效教学方法。

肌骨超声进修医师的教学实践探索

继续教育是提高超声医师亚专业技术能力的重要途径和手段,肌骨超声发展迅速,临床应用范围不断拓展,已成为临床多学科重要的影像学评估手段,但目前我国肌骨超声尚未得到普遍推广,很多基层医院的医师对肌骨超声一知半解。肌骨超声有自身的特殊性,集解剖、病理、临床及超声为一体,除对解剖结构进行诊断外,还涉及功能评估,因此教学难度大。进修学习是快速掌握肌骨超声的重要手段。文章结合多年肌骨进修医师的带教经验,将肌骨进修医师培训分4个阶段:相关理论知识学习、规范化操作学习、临床常见疾病学习和临床观摩及患者检查。文章分别总结了每一阶段的教学特点、侧重点和带教方法,兼顾基础知识、技能操作和临床思维培养,以更好地提升进修医师的继续教育质量。

核医学科进修护士个性化培养体系构建的思考

进修教育是提升护士业务水平的重要途径。四川大学华西医院核医学科承担着来自不同等级医院的进修教学任务,为进修护士提供优质的培训服务。考虑到进修护士的背景、经验和基础的差异,科室构建了以个性化为核心的进修护士培养体系,旨在提高进修护士的理论水平、操作技能和临床思维能力。在培训方法上,科室综合运用了多种教学法,包括以授课为导向的教学法(lecture-based learning,LBL)、以问题为导向的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)和以案例为基础的教学法(case-based learning,CBL);在评估方面,采用柯氏四级培训评估模式对进修护士的培训效果进行全面评估,并通过建立沟通反馈机制,持续优化和改进培训体系。核医学科进修培训的总体情况、带教师资、岗前培训、专业培训、考核和反馈沟通等方面都得到了规范。

儿童口腔专业继续教育改革的启示

随着我国对儿童牙医的需求量越来越大,面对更新快速的医学知识,为了保持理论知识和临床技能与时俱进,继续医学教育已然成为儿童口腔专科医师的首选。新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院作为一所省级三级甲等综合医院,每年承担着全疆各地基层医生的继续教育工作,同时也会派遣医生前往国内顶尖医院进修学习。通过在北京大学口腔医院儿童口腔科进修学习过程,归纳总结北大口腔儿科进修生培养模式和特点及其与儿童口腔专业发展趋势相适应的转变。这种以能力为导向的个性化培养模式、多种教学方法相结合运用,加强临床实践规范,注重科研与临床相结合的进修生训练模式,值得借鉴。同时北大口腔儿科营造的良好学习氛围深深影响着进修生,从被动学习到主动学习的转变也值得思考与借鉴。

湖南省2020年度儿科医师转岗培训学员结业后转归特点分析

目的 调查2020年度湖南省儿科医师转岗培训学员结业后转归特点,探讨转岗培训成功率的影响因素。方法 2020年11月—2021年11月通过问卷调查收集湖南省2020年儿科医师转岗培训学员结业后相关信息,比较转岗成功与不成功的学员特点。结果 81名完成转岗培训,100%完成了本次调查。81名学员中,中位年龄33岁。男性18名,女性63名,男女比例0.29:1。58人(71.6%)来自二级医院,行政区域划分以县级为主。54人(66.7%)来自非儿科专业。2020年度儿科医师转岗培训的转岗成功率为77.8%(42/54)。儿科医师转岗结业后转岗成功与否在性别、年龄、医院等级、转岗前专业、单位设立儿科、单位变动、薪酬变化方面差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。转岗成功学员较转岗失败学员培训后工作量的变化以及所属医院重视程度差异有统计学意义(P=0.007,P=0.002),52.4%的学员认为转岗后工作量较转岗前增加。结论 在政府支持下的儿科转岗培训已有一定成效,对健全儿童疾病分级诊疗体系具有重要意义,但从根源上解决儿科医师工作量大、县级医院儿科重视度不够等问题仍是一个挑战。

PBL教学法联合思维导图在外科护士疼痛培训中的应用

目的探讨采用以问题为基础教学法(problembased learning,PBL)联合思维导图教学模式对外科护士疼痛培训的效果研究。方法2021年6月—2022年3月,对上海中医药大学附属市中医医院外科87名临床护士采用PBL教学法联合思维导图教学模式进行疼痛管理知识培训,并采用《护理人员的疼痛知识和态度评估问卷》(the nurses’knowledge and attitude survey,NKAS)于培训前后对参训护士进行疼痛知识和态度评估,以及培训后进行疼痛知识理论考核和教学满意度调查。结果87名外科护士NKAS培训前得分为(15.07±3.45)分,正确率为47.09%,培训后得分为(21.95±5.96)分,正确率为68.61%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。NKAS疼痛一般知识维度分数培训后(5.90±1.81)分高于培训前(4.72±1.72)分,疼痛评估知识维度分数培训后(1.82±0.39)分高于培训前(1.68±0.52)分,药物镇痛知识维度分数培训后(11.95±3.33)分高于培训前(7.72±2.14)分,情景案例分析测试维度分数培训后[2.00(1.00,4.00)分]高于培训前[0(0,1.00)分],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL教学法联合思维导图教学模式能有效提高外科护士的疼痛知识水平及疼痛综合应用能力,且充分发挥二者的教学优势,值得在临床继续教育中运用。

ISD模型在高校非学历继续教育培训项目中的运用研究

ISD即教学系统设计模型(Instructional System Design Model),它是以传播理论、学习理论、教学理论为基础,运用系统理论的观点和方法分析学习中的问题和需求,并从中找出最佳答案的一种课程开发模型,注重对培训活动的有效分析、设计、规划和安排。ISD模型在高校非学历继续教育培训项目中的运用,通过问卷调查法、文献资料法、观察法和访谈法,对培训对象、培训需求、培训内容、培训效果等进行分析,及时了解培训对象的学习动机与需求,可开发出更符合培训对象需求的培训课程,从而提高培训对象的学习积极性和培训质量与效果,有利于促进高校非学历教育培训管理理念与管理模式的创新。

从事罕见病工作医生状况调查及对罕见病人才培养的初步探讨

背景近年来,罕见病已成为重大公共卫生问题,亟须提高该类疾病诊疗水平,而其中关键一环就是罕见病人才的培养。方法本研究通过对北京协和医院从事罕见病诊治的专科医生进行问卷调查,并与非从事罕见病工作的医生做比较,了解其人员特征,评估其心理和工作状态。结果本研究共回收从事罕见病工作的医生问卷95份,其中女性∶男性为1.6∶1,以40~54岁年龄组为主(63.2%),享受研究罕见病的过程为最主要的选择从事罕见病工作的原因(64.2%)。与同期调查的108名非从事罕见病工作的医生相比,自我评价工作得到患者认可度更高(P<0.001)。用时较多的工作内容除常规医教研工作外,还有34.7%选择了医患沟通,31.6%选择了医疗管理沟通工作。结论本研究通过分析从事罕见病工作医生的问卷调查结果,对罕见病人才培养过程、继续教育平台的搭建、所需技术和政策支持提出了一些思考和建议。

基于微课的高职英语教师继续教育模式研究

随着网络时代的发展,教育领域也在不断探索新的教学方式。在高职院校中,英语教师的继续教育培训模式也需要适应时代的变化,利用现代信息技术手段增强培训效果。本文将探讨基于微课的高职院校英语教师继续教育模式。

大学附属医院护士在岗分层级专业培训需求的调查分析

目的:了解某大学附属医院护士在岗分层级专业培训需求,为护士分层培训课程方案设计提供参考。方法:采用分层抽样法对我院4个院区共197名护士进行问卷调查,对资料进行整理并分析。结果:不同层级的护士的培训动机、培训内容和培训方式的需求存在差异(P<0.05)。结论:对于不同层级护士需设计符合其知识、技能特点的培训内容,对N1~N2层级护士侧重于进行线上技能操作、护理制度、护理流程的课程培训;对N3~N5层级护士应侧重于通过情境教学、继教班会议等形式进行临床教学、护理科研培训等,以满足护士成长与发展需求。

中高本贯通式人才培养模式研究

中高级技术技能人才对推动我国经济社会发展具有重要的意义。为统筹发展各级各类职业教育,畅通技术技能人才培养的重要渠道,我国职业教育正在积极探索中高本贯通式人才培养模式。从中高本贯通式人才培养模式的定义和内涵出发,阐述了中高本贯通式人才培养模式的实施原则,并以高职电气自动化技术专业为例,从衔接专业、中高本校校联合体、人才培养方案、课程体系、考核机制五个方面探索中高本贯通式人才培养实施路径。