Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Hydrostatic Guides Based on Progressive Mengen Flow Controller

The oil film thickness of oil hydrostatic guide with constant pressure supply based on capillary restrictor is greatly affected by load, and this kind of hydrostatic guide is usually applied to the machine tools with moderate load. The static and dynamic characteristics of the guide have been studied by using some theoretical, numerical and experimental approaches, and some methods and measures have been proposed to improve its performances. The hydrostatic guide based on progressive mengen（PM） flow controller is especially suitable for the heavy numerical control（NC） machine tools. However, few literatures about the research on the static and dynamic characteristics of the hydrostatic guides based on PM flow controller are reported. In this paper, the formulae are derived for analyzing the static and dynamic characteristics of hydrostatic guides with rectangle pockets and PM flow controller according to the theory of hydrostatic bearing. On the basis of the analysis of hydrostatic bearing with circular pocket, some equations are derived for solving the static pressure, volume pressure and squeezing pressure which influence the dynamic characteristics of hydrostatic guides with rectangle pocket. The function and the influencing factors of three pressures are clarified. The formulae of amplitude-frequency characteristics and dynamic stiffness of the hydrostatic guide system are derived. With the help of software MATLAB, programs are coded with C＋＋ language to simulate numerically the static and dynamic characteristics of the hydrostatic guide based on PM flow controller. The simulation results indicate that the sensitive oil volume between the outlet of the PM flow controller and the guide pocket has the greatest influence on the characteristics of the guide, and it should be reduced as small as possible when the field working condition is met. Choosing the oil with a greater viscosity is also helpful in improving the dynamic performance of hydrostatic guides. The research work has instructing significance for analyzing and designing the guide with PM flow controller.

Optimum Tilt Angle of Flow Guide in Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Considering the Effect of Last Stage Flow Field

Abstract Heat transfer and vacuum in condenser are influenced by the aerodynamic performance of steam tur- bine exhaust hood. The current research on exhaust hood is mainly focused on analyzing flow loss and optimal design of its structure without consideration of the wet steam condensing flow and the exhaust hood coupled with the front and rear parts. To better understand the aerodynamic performance influenced by the tilt angle of flow guide inside a diffuser, taking a 600 MW steam turbine as an example, a numerical simulator CFX is adopted to solve compressible three-dimensional （3D） Reynolds time-aver- aged N-S equations and standard k-e turbulence model. And the exhaust hood flow field influenced by different tilt angles of flow guide is investigated with consideration of the wet steam condensing flow and the exhaust hood coupled with the last stage blades and the condenser throat. The result shows that the total pressure loss coefficient and the static pressure recovery coefficient of exhaust hood change regularly and monotonously with the gradual increase of tilt angle of flow guide. When the tilt angle of flow guide is within the range of 30~ to 40~, the static pressure recovery coefficient is in the range of 15.27% to 17.03% and the total pressure loss coefficient drops to approximately 51%, the aerodynamic performance of exhaust hood is significantly improved. And the effectiveenthalpy drop in steam turbine increases by 0.228% to 0.274%. It is feasible to obtain a reasonable title angle of flow guide by the method of coupling the last stage and the condenser throat to exhaust hood in combination of the wet steam model, which provides a practical guidance to flow guide transformation and optimal design in exhaust hood.

Erosion Characteristics of Hydraulic Turbine Guide-Vane End Clearance in Sediment Water Flow: A Simplified Model Analysis

The effect of clearance flow on the erosion characteristics of a circular cylinder with a backward facing step in sediment-laden water flow is analyzed numerically with the mixture model and the re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model. Thirty-six monitoring points are set up on different stream surfaces to collect information on the impact erosion under different flow conditions, where the Initial Sediment Volume Fraction (ISVF) is set to 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15;particle diameter is set to 0.05 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.35 mm, and 0.45 mm respectively. The distribution of particle velocity and Local Solid-Phase Volume Fraction (LSVF) along different stream surfaces are calculated, based on which the trend of erosion is qualitatively evaluated. ISVF and particle diameter play different roles on the impact erosion index parameter () on the different wetted walls. Relative wear rate of numerical estimation agrees well with the practical one under the same working condition. Numerical analysis demonstrates that guide vane with a negative curvature end surface (concave surface) can decrease erosion damage effectively, which may provide a reference for optimal design and maintenance of hydraulic turbine.

Guide Vane with Current Plate to Improve Efficiency of Cross Flow Turbine

To get the sustainable society, the hydropower with not only the large but also the small/mini/micro capacities has been paid attention to in the power generation. The cross flow turbine can work effectively at the comparatively low head and/or low discharge, then the runner and the turbine profile has been optimizing. In this paper, the model turbine was prepared in accordance with the traditional design, and the performance and the flow condition were investigated experimentally at the various operating conditions. The hydraulic efficiency is doubtlessly maximal while the guide vane is at the normal/design position, and deteriorates in the lower discharges adjusted by the guide vane. Such deteriorations are brought from the unacceptable flow conditions in the inlet nozzle. To improve the efficiency dramatically in the lower discharge, the guide vane installed in the inlet nozzle was equipped with the current plate, and the fruitful effects of the plate on the efficiency were confirmed experimentally.

Formation Mechanisms and Geomorphic Evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans, Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River（YR） of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages： early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.

Axial power flow distributions of ultrasonic guided waves in viscous liquid-filled pipes

The axial power flow (APF) magnitude and attenuation distributions of ultrasonic longitudinal guided waves in viscous liquid-filled elastic pipes are investigated. The optimal location, optimal mode and its frequency-thickness product (fd) for the test of pipes filled with viscous liquid are chosen according to APF and attenuation distributions. The results show that the APF magnitude distribution is an important parameter in choosing the modes and parameters. A particular mode has weak dispersion in ranges of fd values with large group velocity, while other modes with smaller group velocity in the same fd ranges have stronger dispersion. It has been observed that, within these ranges, the chosen mode has a larger APF on the (pipe’s) wall. Therefore, in the region of fd values where a particular mode has a large group velocity, this mode will be effective to be used in testing elastic pipes filled with viscous liquid. The results obtained from both the APF analysis and attenuation distribution are consistent.

INSTABILITY OF HAGEN-POISEUILLE FLOW FOR NON-AXISYMMETRIC MODE

An investigation is described for instability problem of flow through a pipe of circular cross section. As a disturbance motion, we consider a general non-axisym-metric mode. An associated amplitude or modulation equation has been derived for this disturbance motion. This equation belongs to a diffusion type.The coefficient of it can be negative while Reynolds number increases, because of the complex interaction between molecular diffusion and convection. The negative diffusivity, when it occurs, causes a concentration and focussing of energy within decaying slugs, acting as a role of reversing natural decays.

Design and Numerical Investigation to Predict the FlowPattern of Non-axisymmetric Convergent Nozzle:AComponent of Turboexpander

Current work proposes a novel design methodology using curve-fitting approach for a non-axisymmetric airfoil convergent nozzle used in small-sized cryogenic turboexpander.The curves used for designing the nozzle are based on a combination of fifth and third order curve at upper and lower surface respectively.Four different turbulence model such as k-ε,SST,BSL and SSG Reynolds stress turbulence model is used to visualize and compare the fluid flow characteristics and thermal behaviors at various cross-sections.It is interesting to observe that the Mach number obtained at the outlet of the nozzle is highest and temperature drop is maximum for SSG model under similar boundary conditions.It is also observed that the designed nozzle with curve fitting approach is appropriate for impulse type turbine with a small amount of reaction.The key feature of this implementation is to obtain subsonic velocity at the nozzle exit and reduce the irreversible losses through the nozzle,which can affect the performance of a turboexpander.

Influence of Endwall Contouring on the Secondary Flow in Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of the endwall contouring on the secondary flow in turbine nozzle guide vane.The three contoured cascades with the same contouring profile and the different positions where the contoured profile locates at are researched.The results show that the contouring configuration can reduce the aerodynamic losses of the cascade.The flat side takes advantage of a stronger decrease of the losses,compared to the contoured side.The contouring configuration can also inhibit the secondary flow.The contoured cascade in which the contouring profile starts upstream of the airfoil,ends at the middle of the airfoil has the best effect of improving secondary flow.

Transient simulation of a pump-turbine with misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up

Experimental studies of a model pump-turbine S-curve characteristics and its improvement by misaligned guide vanes （MGV） were extended to prototype pump turbine through 3-D transient flow simulations. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the SST turbulence model were used to model the transient flow within the entire flow passage of a reversible pump-turbine with and without misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up. The unstable S-curve and its improvement by using misaligned guide vane were verified by model test and simulation. The transient flow calculations were used to clarify the variations of pressure pulse and internal flow behavior in the entire flow passage. The use of misaligned guide vanes can eliminate the S-curve characteristics of a pump-turbine, and can significantly increase the pressure pulse amplitude in the entire flow passage and the runner radial forces during start-up. The MGV only decreased the pulse amplitude on the guide vane suction side when the rotating speed was less than 50% rated speed. The hydraulic reason is that the MGV dramatically changed the flow patterns inside the entire flow passage, and destroyed the symmetry of the flow distribution inside the guide vane and runner.

Effects of Guiding Angle on Plastic Metal Flow and Defects in Extrusion of Aluminum Alloy

To reduce defects, such as the shrinkage cavity and the surface cracks caused by non-homogeneous metal flow in extrusion process, an extrusion method was proposed by using a die with the guiding angle. Numerical simulation and experiment were conducted to investigate the metal flow in this extrusion process. It is shown that the stress state at the bottom of the die is changed. The tendency to generate the dead zone is decreased by employing the guiding angle at the die entrance. The shrinkage cavity is reduced because the non-homogeneous metal flow at the final stage of extrusion is improved. The axial stress is decreased greatly so that the surface cracks caused by additional stress are avoided.

Analysis of the Impact of the Space Guide Vane Wrap Angle on the Performance of a Submersible Well Pump

In order to study the influence of the wrap angle relating to the space guide vane of a submersible well pump(250QJ125)on the flow field and pump performance,seven possible configurations have been considered(obtained by changing the blade wrap angle while keeping unchanged all the other parameters).Such configurations have been numerically simulated in the framework of a computational model based on the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equations,the RNG k-εturbulence approach and the SIMPLE algorithm.The impact exerted by different wrap angles of the guide vane on the performance of the pump,the internal losses of the guide vane and the flow field distribution in the bladeless area at the guide vane outlet has been assessed via cross-comparison of all these cases.The results show that the wrap angle has a significant influence:the wrap angle with the highest head is different from that with the highest efficiency,and changes in this angle have a more significant effect on the head than efficiency.A moderate raise of the wrap angle can improve the properties of the flow,reduce turbulence losses and enhance the energy conversion rate inside the guide vane.Different wrap angles can also lead to different fluid circulation modes in the bladeless area from guide vane outlet to impeller inlet,while they have a weak influence on the absolute value of the velocity of the fluid entering the impeller.

Computational Analysis of Mixing Guide Vane Effects on Performance of the Supersonic Ejector-Diffuser System

The flow field in the ejector-diffuser system and its optimal operation condition are hardly complicated due to the complicated turbulent mixing, compressibility effects and even flow unsteadiness which are generated inside the ejector- diffuser system. This paper aims at the improvement in ejector-diffuser system by focusing attention on entrainment ratio and pressure recovery. Several mixing guide vanes were installed at the inlet of the secondary stream for the purpose of the performance improvement of the ejector system. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method based on Fluent has been applied to simulate the supersonic flows and shock waves inside the ejector. A finite volume scheme and density-based solver with coupled scheme were applied in the computational process. Standard k-ω turbulent model, implicit formulations were used considering the accuracy and stability. Previous experimental results showed that more flow vortexes were generated and more vertical flow was introduced into the stream under a mixing guide vane influence. Besides these effects on the secondary stream, the mixing guide vane effects on the shock system of the primary stream were also investigated in this paper. Optimal analysis results of the mixing guide vane effects were also carried out in detail in terms of the positions, lengths and numbers to achieve the best operation condition. The comparison of ejector performance with and without the mixing guide vane was obtained. The ejector-diffuser system performance is discussed in terms of the entrainment ratio, pressure recovery as well as total pressure loss.

CAE Supported Ornamental Flame Product Design-Vortex Flow Guiding with Fuel Lift Mechanism

The vortex flame design process was investigated. Combine qualitative and CAE （computer-aided engineering） simulation proposed to fulfill the functional requirement. Guidance channel can produce an ornamental flame with acceptable height. The lift mechanism comprises a supporting member and bearing and allows moving to the predetermined height. It allows a user to add fuel and cleaning base parts safely. Rigid body linkage and flow field simulated enables fine tune of geometric parameters. Functional test and measurement are carried out to confirm the product features. The measured average temperature of the metal chassis is 37.25℃, and that of glass is 141℃.

基于Flow-3D的陡坡弯道水流三维数值模拟

弯道急流有其独特的冲击波现象,流态极其复杂,为研究弯道对急流的影响和提出改善措施增添了困难。采用RNG k-ε双方程紊流模型和VOF法,以某工程溢洪道为依托,利用Flow-3D软件,对陡坡弯道段的急流进行了三维数值模拟,通过物理模型试验数据的验证,显示数值模拟结果的正确性。通过计算结果,分析了陡坡弯道对急流流态的影响,提出了导流墙法的弯道急流优化方案,通过物理模型进一步证明,采用导流墙法可有效改善急流弯道水流流态,表明借助Flow-3D软件对弯道水流进行三维数值模拟是可行的。

Effect of Incoming Vortex on Secondary Flows in Turbine Cascades with Planar and Non-Axisymmetric Endwall

Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Profiling(NAEP) is commonly utilized in turbines to eliminate secondary flows.Nevertheless,most of the NAEP methods consider a single-blade row environment without incorporating the effect of the stage environment.This paper aims to investigate the influence mechanism of the incoming vortex on the endwall secondary flow structures of NAEP in a highly loaded turbine cascade.To model the incoming vortex in a stage environment,this study considers a half-delta wing as the vortex generator at the upstream of the turbine cascade.The NAEP is then carried out for a highly loaded turbine cascade with an in-house numerical optimization design platform subject to no incoming vortex.Numerical simulation is also carried out under the influence of the incoming vortex for the turbine cascades with both planar and non-axisymmetric endwall.This paper furthers investigated the pitchwise effect of the incoming vortex on the near endwall secondary flow.The results indicate that the NAEP effectively improves the endwall secondary flow of the turbine cascade,where the total pressure loss coefficient and the secondary kinetic energy(SKE) are reduced by 7.3%,and 45.7%,respectively.It is further seen that with the incoming vortex,the NAEP achieves a considerable control effect on the endwall secondary flow of the turbine cascade.With incoming vortex,the NAEP can still achieve considerable control effect on the endwall secondary flow of the turbine cascade;the averaged reductions of loss coefficient and SKE are 7.8% and 14.2%,respectively.Under some pitchwise locations,incoming vortex can suppress the convection of cross-passage flow toward the suction corner greatly and reduce the loss coefficient of the baseline cascade.The incoming vortex at 4/7 pitch impinged right at the blade leading edge,leading to the generation of low-momentum fluid,which increased the size and the strength of the horseshoe vortex.Under all the pitchwise locations,NAEP can suppress the secondary vortices,e.g.,the passage vortex and the counter vortex,considerably.

Effects of two different glycoprotein platelet Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitors and the clinical endpoints in patients with intracranial Pipeline flow diverter implant

Objective:To compare the antiplatelet effect and major adverse cerebrovascular events of Pipeline for intracranial aneurysms using glycoproteinⅡb/Ⅲa antagonists(GPI)eptifibatide and tirofiban.Methods:Retrospective analysis of relevant data of patients using GPIs combined with oral antiplatelet therapy in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from December 2017 to December 2019.The study was approved by the ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University.According to the random use of GPIs drugs,they were assigned to the eptifibatide group and tirofiban group.Basic data,platelet inhibition rates at baseline,24 h and 72 h after administration,short-term major adverse cerebrovascular events,and bleeding complications were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 47 patients were included in this study,including 24 patients in eptifibatide group and 23 patients in tirofiban group.There was no significant difference in average age(53.75 vs.53.91 years)and body mass index(BMI)(24.39 vs.22.73 kg/m2)between eptifibatide group and tirofiban group.There was no significant difference in coagulation factor function(R),fibrinogen function(K),fibrinolysis function(EPL),comprehensive coagulation index(Cl),arachidonic acid pathway inhibition rate(AA%)and adenosine diphosphate inhibition rate(ADP%).However,the baseline level of residual platelet function MA(ADP)in eptifibatide group was significantly higher than that in tirofiban group(50.79 vs.35.29 mm,P=0.0026).There was a statistical difference in the platelet aggregation function MA(65.38 vs.62.54 mm,p=0.0442),the rate of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke(4.3%vs.0%)and the rate of asymptomatic minor bleeding(26.08%vs.4.1%)in the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both eptifibatide and tirofiban can effectively inhibit platelets,but the effect of etifeptide is better than that of tirofiban in preventing intracranial microhemorrhage and asymptomatic cerebral infarction.

Numerical Investigation on the Secondary Flow Control by Using Splitters at Different Positions with Respect to the Main Blade

In turbomachinery,strong secondary flow can produce significant losses of total pressure near the endwall and reduce the efficiency of the considered turbomachine.In this study,splitters located at different positions with respect to the main blade have been used to reduce such losses and improve the efficiency of the outlet guide vane(OGV).Three different relative positions have been considered assuming a NACA 65-010 profile for both the main blade and the splitter.The numerical results indicate that splitters can effectively reduce the total pressure loss by suppressing the secondary flow around the main blade,but the splitters themselves also produce flow losses,which are caused by flow separation effects.

Non-invasive Angiographic-based Fractional Flow Reserve:Technical Development,Clinical Implications,and Future Perspectives

New non-and less-invasive techniques have been developed to overcome the procedural and operator related burden of the fractional flow reserve(FFR)for the assessment of potentially significant stenosis in the coronary arteries.Virtual FFR-techniques can obviate the need for the additional flow or pressure wires as used for FFR measurements.This review provides an overview of the developments and validation of the virtual FFR-algorithms,states the challenges,discusses the upcoming clinical trials,and postulates the future role of virtual FFR in the clinical practice.

数字金融是否促进了县域产业结构升级?——基于网商银行进入农村市场的准自然实验

近年来,数字金融在农村市场发展迅猛,有望成为推动县域产业结构升级的新动能,为推动我国县域产业结构升级提供了新的思路。本文以网商银行进入农村市场作为一项准自然实验,利用2013—2020年的县域数据构建多期双重差分模型,实证分析数字金融对县域产业结构升级的影响。研究发现:(1)数字金融显著促进了县域产业结构升级;(2)数字金融通过发挥数字技术优势,引导资金更多地流向第三产业来促进县域产业结构升级;数字金融通过促进消费结构升级来促进县域产业结构升级;(3)数字金融对南方县、非贫困县、传统信贷投入高的县产业结构升级的促进效果更大。上述研究结论为数字金融时代促进县域产业结构升级、推进乡村振兴战略的实现提供了重要的经验证据和政策启示。