Effects of Airflow Field on Droplets Diameter inside the Corrugated Packing of a Rotating Packed Bed

Rotating packing bed(RPB) has a better mixing performance than traditional mixers and shows potential application in the petroleum industry. However, acquisition of information about the mixing process directly through experiments is difficult because of the compact structure and complex multiphase flow pattern in RPB. To study the mixing characteristic, Fluent, the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software, was used to explore the effect of airflow field on droplet diameter. For conducting calculations, the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the packing was simulated with the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Lagrange Discrete Phase Model(DPM), respectively. The numerical calculation results showed that coalescence and breakup of droplets can take place in the gas phase flow inside the packing and can be strengthened with increased rotating speed, thereby leading to the enlargement of the average diameter.

Numerical Simulation of High Speed Rotating Waterjet Flow Field in a Semi Enclosed Vacuum Chamber

In this paper,a three dimension model is built according to real surface cleaner in airport runway rubber mark cleaning vehicle and numerical simulation of this model is carried out using Ansys Fluent software.After comparison and analysis of the flow fields between high speed rotating waterjet and static waterjet formerly studied by other researchers,the influences of different standoff distances from nozzle outlet to runway surface and rotation speeds on rubber mark cleaning effect are simulated and analyzed.Results show the optimal operation parameters for the simulated model and quantitative advices are given for design,manufacture and operation of the airport runway rubber mark cleaning vehicle.

Numerical study on three-dimensional flow field of continuously rotating detonation in a toroidal chamber

Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.

Flow structure and rock-breaking feature of the self-rotating nozzle for radial jet drilling

For improving the hole-enlarging capability,roundness and rock-breaking efficiency of the nozzle in radial jet drilling,a new structure of self-rotating nozzle was put forward.The flow structure and rock-breaking features of the self-rotating nozzle were investigated with sliding mesh model and labortary tests and also compared with the straight and the swirling integrated nozzle and multi-orifice nozzle which have been applied in radial jet drilling.The results show that the self-rotating jet is energy concentrated,has longer effective distance,better hole-enlarging capability and roundness and impacts larger circular area at the bottom of the drilling hole,compared with the other two nozzles.Forward jet flow generated from the nozzle is peak shaped,and the jet velocity attenuates slowly at the outer edge.Due to periodic rotary percussion,the pressure fluctuates periodically on rock surface,improving shear and tensile failures on the rock matrix and thereby enhancing rock-breaking efficiency.The numerical simulation results of the flow structure of the nozzle are consistent with the experiments.This study provides an innovative approach for radial jet drilling technology in the petroleum industry.

Research on hydrokinetics characteristics of rotating pipe fluid in the crossed electric and magnetic field

The rotating pipe fluid in the crossed electric and magnetic field not only suffered the forces in the steady condition, but also suffered Coriolis force, centrifugal force because of rotation and electromagnetic volume force. The motion equation of fluid and the hydrokinetics equations of rotating pipe were described in the Cartesians coordinates. The equations showed that the solutions to hydrokinetics equations of rotating pipe in the crossed electric and magnetic electromagnetic field were highly complicated and numerical calculations were also astronomical. The pressure distribution and temperature distribution of one dimension were solved using the electromagnetic equations set. The results showed that the fluid in rotating pipe was in the asymmetrical pressure field and temperature field because it was in the energy exchange and thermo-electrical coupling course. The primary characteristic of flow course could be expressed using the proposed hydrokinetics equations.

Numerical Investigation of Submarine Hydrodynamics and Flow Field in Steady Turn

This paper presents numerical simulations of viscous flow past a submarine model in steady turn by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations（RANSE） for incompressible, steady flows. The rotating coordinate system was adopted to deal with the rotation problem. The Coriolis force and centrifugal force due to the computation in a bodyfixed rotating frame of reference were treated explicitly and added to momentum equations as source terms. Furthermore, velocities of entrances were coded to give the correct magnitude and direction needed. Two turbulence closure models（TCMs）, the RNG k-ε model with wall functions and curvature correction and the Shear Stress Transport（SST） k-ω model without the use of wall functions, but with curvature correction and low-Re correction were introduced, respectively. Take DARPA SUBOFF model as the test case, a series of drift angle varying between 0° and 16° at a Reynolds number of 6.53×10^6 undergoing rotating arm test simulations were conducted. The computed forces and moment as a function of drift angle during the steady turn are mostly in close agreement with available experimental data. Though the difference between the pressure coefficients around the hull form was observed, they always show the same trend. It was demonstrated that using sufficiently fine grids and advanced turbulence models will lead to accurate prediction of the flow field as well as the forces and moments on the hull.

Analysis of the Flow Field Characteristics Associated with the Dynamic Rock Breaking Process Induced by a Multi-Hole Combined External Rotary Bit

The characteristics of the flow field associated with a multi-hole combined external rotary bit have been studied by means of numerical simulation in the framework of an RNG k-εturbulence model,and compared with the results of dedicated rock breaking drilling experiments.The numerical results show that the nozzle velocity and dynamic pressure of the nozzle decrease with an increase in the jet distance,and the axial velocity of the nozzle decays regularly with an increase in the dimensionless jet distance.Moreover,the axial velocity related to the nozzle with inclination angle 20°and 30°can produce a higher hole depth,while the radial velocity of the nozzle with 60°inclination can enlarge the hole diameter.The outcomes of the CFD simulations are consistent with the actual dynamic rock breaking and pore forming process,which lends credence to the present results and indicates that they could be used as a reference for the future optimization of systems based on the multi-hole combined external rotary bit technology.

Experimental Study on Flow past A Rotationally Oscillating Cylinder

A series of experiments was carried out to study the flow behaviour behind a rotationally oscillating cylinder at a low Reynolds number （Re=300） placed in a recirculation water channel. A stepper motor was used to rotate the cylinder clockwise- and- counterclockwise about its longitudinal axis at selected frequencies. The particle image velocimetry （PIV） technique was used to capture the flow field behind a rotationally oscillating cylinder. Instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields such as the vorticity contours, streamline topologies and velocity distributions were analyzed. The effects of four rotation angle and frequency ratios Fr （Fr=fn/fv, the ratio of the forcing frequency fn to the natural vortex shedding frequency fv） on the wake in the lee of a rotationally oscillating cylinder were also examined. The significant wake modification was observed when the cylinder undergoes clockwise-and-counterclockwise motion with amplitude of π, especially in the range of 0.6≤Fr≤1.0.

多翼离心风机旋转失速阶段压力脉动分析

为了研究多翼离心风机在旋转失速阶段的压力脉动特性,以多翼离心风机为研究对象,利用Creo软件对其进行三维建模,并对模型进行网格划分,进行非定常数值计算.在叶轮出口不同周向、径向以及轴向位置设置监测点,分析旋转失速工况下风机内部压力脉动规律,计算结果表明:隔舌处监测点的压力系数最大,且随着流量的减小,压力脉动剧烈程度增大;叶轮出口受叶轮与蜗壳之间动静干涉影响,压力系数幅值最大,往蜗壳壁面径向移动,压力脉动程度减弱;压力脉动规律受轴向位置变化影响较小,旋转失速程度的变化会引起压力脉动的变化,旋转失速越强,压力脉动越剧烈,低频脉动范围越广,失速频率幅值越高.

盐穴储气库溶腔促溶工具设计及流场优化分析

目前在盐穴储气库腔体的建造中,促溶工具缺乏参数优化过程,没有关于其技术参数与所形成腔体大小、形状之关系的阐释。为此,设计了延伸式快速溶腔促溶工具,利用Fluent软件对此工具的外流场进行仿真,研究喷嘴角度、入口排量和工具旋转速度对盐穴储气库前期的建槽大小、形状的影响。分析结果表明:该工具能实现工作状态可控、延伸自适应,且喷嘴可更换;45°喷嘴角度为建槽期的最佳建槽角度;入口排量越大,高速喷射流的喷射距离和喷射范围越大,但是当入口排量超过一定值时,其对喷射距离的增长幅值会快速减小;建议工具在工作时采用较低的转速,以减少单个高速喷射流的动能损耗。所得结论可为延伸式快速溶腔促溶工具的现场应用提供理论指导。

旋转爆震环境下涡轮流场及气动激励的演变规律研究

涡轮式旋转爆震发动机有望给航空发动机性能带来变革性提升,但旋转爆震燃烧室的出口流场会对下游涡轮的运行产生显著影响。针对旋转爆震环境下涡轮的工作特性问题,构建了运动激波模型,并基于模型重构了涡轮的非定常入口条件,对该极端工况下的涡轮开展数值模拟研究,分析了其内部流场及气动激励的演变规律与特征。结果表明,涡轮处在强非线性的来流扰动之下,运动激波与涡轮相互作用产生复杂的波系结构,涡轮上下游的波系结构相似,但是涡轮内激波的演化随运动激波模态的不同而有所区别;爆震环境下动叶气动激励的主要激励源是通道内的波系结构,叶表气动激励和压力脉动程度均增大,但是叶片载荷显著下降。

叶片旋向对风力机尾流特性影响的试验研究

采用一种简单、有效的方法来改善风力机尾流效应,提升下游风力机功率。进行叶片旋向对风力机尾流特性的试验研究,利用低频粒子图像测速(PIV)系统对NACA4415翼型的叶片进行扰流流场测试并采集风力机的尾流数据。当2台串列排布的风力机旋向不同时,首先在下游风力机前1D(D为风轮直径)处,叶尖涡涡核位置向中央尾迹区偏移,而外部主流区的流体在叶尖涡诱导区的输运和卷吸作用下持续进入中央尾迹区并与之掺混使得轴向速度恢复得更佳;进而分析下游风力机后1D的流场数据,结果显示:虽然下游风力机叶尖涡几何结构被“打碎”,但涡核能量却未降低;最后探讨影响风力机功率特性的因素,下游风力机入流角的增大促使下游风力机捕获更多风能,在风轮间距为2D时,逆向旋转的功率比比同向旋转时高4.70%,且功率比随间距增加其增幅逐渐减小。

旋流场中夹杂物运动行为的数值模拟

在冶金过程中,离心中间包、旋流水口通过旋转钢液使夹杂物聚集,进而去除钢液中夹杂物.为研究夹杂物在旋流场中的聚集机理,建立了基于Eulerian-Lagrangian法的颗粒运动模型,对旋流场中单个夹杂物颗粒的运动行为进行数值模拟.结果表明:在各力及惯性的作用下,旋流场中夹杂物的运动存在稳定的平衡轨道;夹杂物粒径为50,100μm时,其Stokes数远小于1,夹杂物紧随钢液运动;夹杂物粒径为200,500μm时,粒径越大,平衡轨道半径r_(e)越小;当夹杂物与钢液的密度比ρp/ρ由0.63分别降至0.55,0.47,0.38时,r_(e)分别相对减小46.5%,33.3%,2.23%;在旋流转速为5.24~11.51 rad/s的条件下,旋流转速每提高2.09 rad/s,r_(e)分别相对减小1.30%,2.35%,27.2%.

正癸烷/空气旋转爆轰波形成与传播数值模拟

针对气液两相旋转爆轰波形成与传播问题,本文以液态正癸烷为燃料,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法,通过三维数值模拟给出了两相旋转爆轰波的形成演变特点和自持传播机理。研究结果表明:在起爆阶段,通过调控初始燃料分布能够获得强度不同的爆轰波和压力波;在对撞阶段,爆轰波与压力波共发生4次对撞,由于缺乏燃料供给,压力波逐渐衰减并消失,爆轰波以单波模态传播;在稳定传播阶段,未燃燃料在三叉点处聚集形成未反应气流区并诱导产生局部爆炸。未反应气流区的周期性出现和局部爆炸是两相爆轰波自持传播的重要影响因素。

双层三窄叶旋桨搅拌槽内流场特性研究

以甘油-水溶液为流动介质,采用计算流体动力学和粒子图像测速技术相结合的方法,针对双层三窄叶旋桨搅拌槽,研究了旋桨参数离底距C_(1)、桨间距C_(2)及转速N对槽内流场特性的影响。结果表明,随着C_(1)的增大,下层桨叶的推动作用先增强后减弱,在C_(1)=0.25h(h为槽内液位高度)时槽底流体混合状态最佳。在C_(2)=0.24h时,上层旋桨影响区域形成高速涡旋,槽内两层旋桨桨叶间的流体流动状态最佳。在N=120 r/min时,槽内流体的湍动能及流速分布均较均匀,能耗较低。

内壁扩张角度对冲压旋转爆轰燃烧室工作特性影响的数值研究

为研究内壁扩张角度对冲压旋转爆轰燃烧室工作特性的影响,构建了内壁扩张角度从0°~6°变化的5种扩张型燃烧室,基于乙烯-空气对带有凹腔结构的冲压旋转爆轰燃烧室进行三维数值模拟,分析了不同扩张角度下燃烧室的流场特征。计算结果表明:采用扩张型流道可有效减弱新鲜燃料层内的提前燃烧现象,随着扩张角度增大,爆轰波波头高度增加,爆轰波传播稳定性增强;扩张型流道对爆轰波后燃烧产物起到整体加速作用,并未起到整流作用;凹腔结构中涡核中心随着扩张角度的增大逐渐向凹腔后缘壁面移动,回流进入凹腔底部的新鲜燃料增多,凹腔对主流区新鲜燃料卷吸作用增强;采用扩张型流道后,燃烧室凹腔段总压增益和燃烧室出口总压均随扩张角度的增大而降低。

荷电颗粒在旋转环形通道内分离性能研究

为研究带电旋转环形通道内荷电颗粒的运动和沉积特性,本文使用计算流体力学两相流离散颗粒法对带电旋转环形通道内的荷电颗粒的运动过程进行了模拟。根据模拟结果分析了不同粒径、电压、入口雷诺数和通道长径比等参数对荷电颗粒运动和沉积的影响,研究了荷电颗粒在旋转通道内离心力与电场力之间的竞争关系,探索了离心力和电场力导致的荷电颗粒运动和沉积变化的规律。结果表明,单个不同粒径颗粒具有不同的颗粒逃逸电压区间,区间的大小随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大,且区间的宽度随着通道长径比的增大将会明显变小;多个颗粒的逃逸率曲线,不同粒径的颗粒将会有不同程度的交叉,随着长径比的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的高度与交叉会有明显的减小,而随着转速的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的交叉会有一定程度的减小,且高度不会有明显变化。

基于大涡模拟方法的三维旋转爆轰流场结构研究

为研究环形燃烧室中边界层、黏性、湍流模拟方法对旋转爆轰流场结构的影响,采用开源计算流体动力学软件OpenFOAM,以氢气为燃料、空气为氧化剂,基于大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)方法、RANS方法、Euler方法,分别结合滑移和无滑移边界,对三维旋转爆轰发动机模型进行数值模拟,分析对比不同计算方法下旋转爆轰流场结构。着重讨论以LES方法得到的流场结构。研究结果表明:当采用滑移边界时内、中、外截面的流场温度无太大差异,当采用无滑移边界时内外壁面温度高于中间截面,边界层会影响近壁区域气体的流动速度,导致内外壁面爆轰波高度低于中间截面,还会影响燃烧产物的流动状态轴向截面上爆轰波波头产生变形;不同湍流计算方法得到的旋转爆轰流场结构存在相似性,黏性是影响旋转爆轰流场结构的主要原因。研究结果对于揭示边界层和黏性对旋转爆轰的影响机制具有一定的科学意义。

Influence of ground effect on flow field structure and aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains

The simulation of the ground effect has always been a technical difficulty in wind tunnel tests of high-speed trains.In this paper,large eddy simulation and the curl acoustic integral equation were used to simulate the flow-acoustic field results of high-speed trains under four ground simulation systems(GSSs):“moving ground+rotating wheel”,“stationary ground+rotating wheel”,“moving ground+stationary wheel”,and“stationary ground+stationary wheel”.By comparing the fluid-acoustic field results of the four GSSs,the influence laws of different GSSs on the flow field structure,aero-acoustic source,and far-field radiation noise characteristics were investigated,providing guidance for the acoustic wind tunnel testing of high-speed trains.The calculation results of the aerodynamic noise of a 350 km/h high-speed train show that the moving ground and rotating wheel affect mainly the aero-acoustic performance under the train bottom.The influence of the rotating wheel on the equivalent sound source power of the whole vehicle was not more than 5%,but that of the moving ground slip was more than 15%.The average influence of the rotating wheel on the sound pressure level radiated by the whole vehicle was 0.3 dBA,while that of the moving ground was 1.8 dBA.

An adaptive LIC based geographic flow field visualization method by means of rotation distance

Geographic visualization is essential for explaining and describing spatiotemporal geographical processes in flow fields.However,due to multi-scale structures and irregular spatial distribution of vortices in complex geographic flow fields,existing two-dimensional visualization methods are susceptible to the effects of data accuracy and sampling resolution,resulting in incomplete and inaccurate vortex information.To address this,we propose an adaptive Line Integral Convolution(LIC)based geographic flow field visualization method by means of rotation distance.Our novel framework of rotation distance and its quantification allows for the effective identification and extraction of vortex features in flow fields effectively.We then improve the LIC algorithm using rotation distance by constructing high-frequency noise from it as input to the convolution,with the integration step size adjusted.This approach allows us to effectively distinguish between vortex and non-vortex fields and adaptively represent the details of vortex features in complex geographic flow fields.Our experimental results show that the proposed method leads to more accurate and effective visualization of the geographic flow fields.