Some Aspects in the Development of High Performance Refractories for Iron and Steel Making in China

In the past 25 years in China, to meet with the rapid increase in steel production accompanied by adoption of advanced metallurgical technologies, there has been fast development of China＇ s refractories industry in production capacity, in quality improvement and in development of new products. Sophisticated high performance refractory materials mainly based on our rich reserves of magncsite, bauxite and flake graphite have been developed, such as carbon-bonded products, high purity oxide products, bauxite-based low creep and high strength high alumina bricks and LC, ULC and ZC castables. They have been used in blast furnaces, BOFs, EAFs, secondary refining and continuous casting with considerable improvement in service pecformance.

COMBINED TECHNOLOGY OF SMELTING REDUCTION IRON-MAKING AND CLEAN FUEL MANUFACTURE

Smelting reduction is a front iron making technology for the 21st century. It can produce liquid iron by direct using common coal but not charred coal. The process has many attractive advantages such as concise flow, low investment and production cost, low environmental pollution and high quality molten iron. Combined with a reciprocal chemical technology, energy efficiency can be further improved by transforming mass coal gas, by-produced in smelting reduction,into dimethyl ether, a clean fuel. Method and characteristics of the combined technology are discussed in this paper.

Suggestions on Process Technology Development of Iron and Steel Making in China

1 Introduction The 21st century is coming and the world iron and steel making technology is facing an important technical evolution at this century turnover,which is reflected in two aspects:①Rapid development of traditional iron&steel making technology with continuous regeneration;②Three major frontier techniques of metallurgy(smelting reduction;near-net-shape continuous

A Study of Making Iron Aluminide Alloy Powders with New Rotating Electrode Technology

A new process was used for producing FeAl alloy pow de rs with double consumable rotating electrodes and the powders made in this appar atus were analyzed. In this new technology, tungsten rod serves as a cathode ele ctrode, while the alloy rod as an anode electrode. The conventional rotating ele ctrode process must have an anode with pre-melting alloys; however, in this new process, using pure iron as cathode electrode and pure aluminum as anode electr ode can eliminate the step of pre-melting. The effects of process variables, which include electrode rotational speed, a nd electrode diameter of the mean particle diameter were determined. Results showed that both the rotational speed and diameter of electrodes would a ffect the mean diameter of particles. There are three kinds of powders with diff erent composition produced in this study and the possible mechanisms are discuss ed. The process parameters and volume mean diameter of the powders have been cor related to find an experimental equation. The results show that when the rotational speed and the diameter of the anode el ectrode are increased, the powders size will decrease. However, the powders size will increase with cathode electrode.

Technology Progress of Refractories for Iron Making in China

This paper reviews the present development situation of refractories for iron making system in China, which includes blast furnace, hot blast stove and coke dry quenching, etc. Varieties and performances of refractories used by the top steel and iron groups such as Baosteel, Wuhan I＆S Group and Anshan I＆S Group for iron making were exemplified and concerned problems were analyzed, together with solutions and suggestions for future refractories R＆D work.

炼铁工序减污降碳协同增效技术评估方法研究

为推广减污降碳协同控制技术,以炼铁工序为研究对象,从协同度、成本收益和环境影响3个维度评价炼铁工序源头、过程节能技术、末端治理技术和低碳技术的协同控制效益。从污染物和碳排放协同度分析来看,源头、过程节能技术能有效推动炼铁工序污染物和碳排放的协同减排,而末端控制技术对污染物和温室气体的减排不具有协同性。绿氢冶炼技术和熔剂性球团制备技术污碳减排协同度较高,此外高炉喷吹焦炉煤气技术、高炉煤气回收技术和高炉热风炉双预热能协同减少VOCs和碳排放。在当前我国碳交易价格条件下,从成本收益分析来看节能技术和污染物末端治理技术具有可推广性。随着碳交易价格的上涨,绿氢冶炼和碳捕集(CCS)技术减排成本呈下降趋势。绿氢冶炼技术、污染物末端治理技术最能有效地减少环境影响,其他节能技术也能相应减少环境影响,而现有条件下CCS技术的实施会增加对环境的影响。综合污染物和温室气体协同减排的协同度、经济效益和环境效益评估,炼铁工序中源头防治和节能技术可作为我国现阶段减污降碳协同增效技术进行推广,随着未来碳交易价格的增长和能源的转型,绿氢冶炼技术和CCS技术具有较大应用前景。

多级孔铁氮掺杂生物炭催化剂的制备及性能

在水稻秸秆基铁氮掺杂生物炭粉末催化剂的基础上,制备了多级孔铁氮掺杂生物炭成型固体催化剂,探讨了其成型工艺,对其进行了表征,并对其活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物的性能进行了评价,为铁氮掺杂生物炭催化剂的工业放大提供参考。该方法制备的成型球体催化剂具有良好的力学性能、丰富的多级孔结构、极低的铁离子浸出,可在宽pH范围内有效去除实际废水COD以及三氯苯酚(TCP)、双酚A(BPA)等有机污染物,可通过浸渍和热处理再生。吸附60 min、降解100 min后,COD、TCP、BPA的去除率分别可达46.85%、63.62%、90.18%。Fe^(2+)、Fe^(0)能够活化过硫酸盐产生·OH、SO_(4)^(-)·、·O_(2)^(-)和^(1)O_(2)降解有机污染物,Fe—N、C=O、O=C—OH和π→π^(*)位点作为电子供体,氧化态N作为电子受体。

高炉冶炼过程计算机控制系统优化

钢铁是城市建设不可或缺的基础资源,随着我国经济社会的快速发展,对钢铁产品的需求量不断扩大,促使我国钢铁工业快速发展。高炉冶炼过程是钢铁生产的重要环节,其生产效率和产品质量直接影响钢铁企业的经济效益和市场竞争力,目前我国高炉炼铁技术在不断更新,以低污染、低消耗、低成本作为主要目标,向着高效化、自动化、大型化前进。本文提出了一种基于大数据分析的智能高炉性能控制系统。该系统利用了高炉多年运行统计数据中的隐藏关系,通过聚类分析确定高炉的运行模式。采用了Kohonen神经网络作为聚类分析的工具。根据高炉参数,得出了不同的运行模式,并提出了专家系统的设计思路。该专家系统可以根据最高生产率和最低焦炭消耗的目标,评估和优化高炉的效率。此外,该系统还可以在规划车间在特定时间段内的工作提供计算支持。

唐钢高炉炼铁技术进步

河钢集团唐钢新区是以工艺现代化、设备大型化、物流运输智能化、资源能源循环化、生产绿色化为基础,打造的绿色化、智能化、品牌化新型沿海钢铁基地。三座高炉自投产以来,上部装料坚持“稳定边缘、打开中心,稳定中心、兼顾边缘”的煤气流控制方针;下部采用高风速、高动能的送风制度;坚持低硅冶炼,合理控制铁中[Si+Ti]含量≯0.45%;优化造渣制度,控制渣中MgO/Al_(2)O_(3)在0.55;构建基于“三位一体”精益运营管理模式的高炉长周期稳定顺行管理体制,形成了一套适应高比例球团矿冶炼的高炉炼铁技术,在入炉球团矿配比42%的前提下,高炉最高日产量突破9000 t/d,煤比最高168 kg/t,燃料比最低498 kg/t,各项技术指标均创投产以来新高。

铝基铁合金粉化影响因素分析及措施

采用正交试验法分析了炼钢脱氧用铝基铁合金粉化的影响因素,结果表明,铝、碳、钛含量对合金抗粉化时间有不同程度的影响,而Ti/C是决定合金粉化时间的主要因素,该值达到10以上时,合金即具有较强抗粉化能力。当合金含铝量为40%~60%时,选择碳、钛含量为B1、C4的水平性价比较高。

大西沟铁尾矿制砖线工艺技术改进

为大力推进绿色矿山和绿色矿业发展示范,柞水县再生资源利用有限公司接收陕西大西沟矿业有限公司在线生产尾矿干基约3000 t/d。基于大西沟铁尾矿性质,对再生资源公司目前所存在的各种问题设计了整改方案,主要从设备选型、工艺流程和技术升级等方面提出了相应的技术改进措施。该设计不仅可以有助于选厂处理尾矿资源,也为国内其他类型矿山减少尾矿库压力提供参考。

南钢铁前质量履职管理体系的建设与实践

介绍了南钢铁前系统在ISO9001质量管理体系基础上,结合实际管理需求搭建质量履职管理体系,重点介绍履职管理体系的架构策划、实施过程、检查与考评相结合等质量履职管理过程。基于实施结果,优化了铁前质量管理过程,以确保产品实现策划、生产过程及最终产品质量一致性和整体提升。

可持续能源下高炉炼铁工艺的节能与环保优化研究

概述了传统高炉炼铁工艺存在的能源浪费和环境问题,介绍了可持续能源利用技术并详述了新工艺的流程改进,通过全面比较新旧工艺,强调了新工艺在能源效率、环境友好性和可持续性等方面的显著优势,为炼铁业提供了改进方向。

DT20型铁钻工电液控制系统的研制

DT20型铁钻工是一种安全、高效、全电液控制的自动化拧卸工具,其控制系统是在地质拧卸装备和电气自动化控制的基础上,开发的适合于地质行业专有工艺的铁钻工电液控制系统。本文主要介绍了DT20型铁钻工的电气控制系统、液压系统和上卸扣的工艺与控制流程,为地质钻探自动化装备的相关研发人员提供一定的参考和借鉴。

Mineral processing plant location using the analytic hierarchy process——a case study:the Sangan iron ore mine(phase 1)

Locating the mineral processing plant near a mine is the most important parameter that affects the whole process.Many factors,and their preferences,should be considered in this stage.The factors include economical,geological,technical,environmental and tectonic parameters.A multi-criteria decision making method is necessary to rank the alternatives.In this paper we describe how plant location is selected by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).This method,with eight criteria,was used to select a location for the mineral processing plant at the Sangan iron ore mine(phase 1).Three alternatives for the processing plant were evaluated.The main criteria were distance from the mine,access to heavy machinery transport,the amount of excavation required for grading,bed mixture capacity,belt conveyor length,distance from the tailing dam,distance from the waste dumps and surface water diversion requirements.Finally,the alternatives were ranked and the best location was proposed.

Fuzzy TOPSIS method to primary crusher selection for Golegohar Iron Mine(Iran)

Selection of the crusher required a great deal of design regarding to the mine planning. Selection of suitable primary crusher from all of available primary crushers is a multi-criterion decision making(MCDM) problem. The present work explores the use of technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) with fuzzy set theory to select best primary crusher for Golegohar Iron Mine in Iran. Gyratory, double toggle jaw, single toggle jaw, high speed roll crusher, low speed sizer, impact crusher, hammer mill and feeder breaker crushers have been considered as alternatives. Also, the capacity, feed size, product size, rock compressive strength, abrasion index and application of primary crusher for mobile plants were considered as criteria for solution of this MCDM problem. To determine the order of the alternatives, closeness coefficient is defined by calculating the distances to the fuzzy positive ideal solution(FPIS) and fuzzy negative ideal solution(FNIS). Results of our work based on fuzzy TOPSIS method show that the gyratory is the best primary crusher for the studied mine.

Development Tendency of the Refractories for Iron & Steel Industry in China

This paper introduces the developing tendency of refractories for iron and steel industry combined with the new metallurgical techniques applied in iron and steel industry in China. Refractories for blast furnace long service life, smelting reduction iron-making process, secondary refining metallurgies and clean steel making, near net shape continuous casting are described respectively. To meet the requirement of iron and steel industry, the high quality, multi-functions and environment-friendly refractories with long service llfe will be focused and developed in the future. In addition, high grade refractories in China have great developing space and potential market.

炼铁高炉用碳化硅风口组合大砖的制备与性能

以碳化硅颗粒(3~1、1~0.088 mm)与细粉(<0.088 mm)、硅粉(<0.088 mm)、工业炭黑(牌号N990)、二氧化硅微粉和ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)粉等为原料制备了炼铁高炉用碳化硅风口组合大砖,并与氮化硅结合碳化硅砖、自结合碳化硅砖、国外进口自结合碳化硅砖对比,分析与评估新型碳化硅风口组合大砖的使用性能。结果表明:1)0~100 mm区域主要由O’-SiAlON、β-SiAlON、α-Si_(3)N_(4)、Si_(2)N_(2)O等一种或多种氮化物与β-SiC复相结合而成,体积密度2.68~2.70 g·cm^(-3),显气孔率14%~15%,组织结构均匀。2)0~100 mm区域β-SiC纳米晶须与氮化物有穿插生长现象;随着深度增加,絮状β-SiC纳米晶须增多,氮化物减少,深度150 mm后结合相主要为β-SiC和莫来石。3)与参比制品比较,新型碳化硅风口组合大砖具有良好的基础性能指标,熔碱侵蚀后质量变化率-0.1%,明显优于进口自结合碳化硅和国产氮化硅结合碳化硅材料。

短流程钢铁冶金发展

本文叙述了短流程钢铁冶金发展现状,即直接还原铁(DRI)结合大吨位电炉炼钢工艺流程的发展现状。这种短流程能够有效降低环境污染,是实现钢铁工业低碳发展的重要方向。本文首先收集和整理了当前世界各国直接还原铁生产进口量、新直接还原厂的投资建设以及DRI生产工艺发展等信息,介绍目前国内外DRI生产现状,重点对应用较为广泛的MIDREX直接还原铁技术进行综述。通过对国内与国外在DRI生产和使用方面的差距比较,分析国内推进DRI过程的阻碍。其次,收集和整理当前国内外电炉冶炼的投资和生产工艺发展等信息,介绍国内外电炉炼钢现状,阐述电炉冶炼向超大吨位发展的趋势。结合我国DRI及电炉炼钢现状,提出促进我国钢铁工业低碳发展的“短流程钢铁冶金”建议。

炼铁喷煤球磨机维护改造分析

针对炼铁喷煤球磨机存在正常运转的问题,分析高炉炼铁喷煤工序应用的球磨机的结构组成、基本原理、优化改造措施、维护注意事项等,合理化改造炼铁喷煤球磨机提供理论参考。