The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal ba...The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,India.Sodium and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,respectively.The nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking water.The fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water.Correlation plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively correlated.Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated region.The Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater chemistry.Using the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for adults.Furthermore,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,respectively.Thus,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than adults.The THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.展开更多
Intense pressure from both onshore and offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities, together with the accompanying urbanization and industrialization has resulted in massive contamination of land and water re...Intense pressure from both onshore and offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities, together with the accompanying urbanization and industrialization has resulted in massive contamination of land and water resources in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Whereas crayfish is very sensitive to contaminant in the aquatic environment and constitute an important part of human diet, its quality and safety from environmental pollutant is of serious health concern. Evaluation of dietary intake, potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic exposure via consumption of dried crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar, Nigeria was carried out between June and August 2021. Thirty-six composite samples of dried crayfish purchased from 180 vendors were used for the study. Heavy metals concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. Metals concentrations (Mg/kg) were of the ranges 0.02 - 0.24, 0.14 - 0.86, 0.32 - 0.72, 0.04 - 0.19 for Pb, Cd, Hg and As respectively. The mean content of cadmium and mercury exceeded FAO/ WHO and Commission of European Communities maximum levels for crustaceans. Average Estimated Daily Intake for each of the metals was found to be above the recommended daily intake level except for arsenic. The average estimated daily intake values for Cd and Hg were also above the tolerable upper intake level. Average Target Hazard Quotient of all the metals and Hazard Index of all the markets were below 1.00. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of the metals was greater than the standard tolerable regulatory risk (10<sup>-4</sup>) for carcinogens. Consumption of crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar could pose a range of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks.展开更多
为科学评估农用地土壤重金属复合暴露对儿童的非致癌健康风险,以华南某生态观光园类农用地为研究对象,对其表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量进行检测,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评估其污染程度,并引入二...为科学评估农用地土壤重金属复合暴露对儿童的非致癌健康风险,以华南某生态观光园类农用地为研究对象,对其表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量进行检测,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评估其污染程度,并引入二元证据权重(binary weight of evidence,BINWOE)法和重金属生物可给性对儿童非致癌健康风险进行修正.结果表明:①研究区表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量分别为1.72~19.40、0.07~19.00、4.00~52.00、4.00~42.00、36.60~1.07×10^(4)、8.00~23.00、62.00~1.52×10^(3)、0.01~0.49 mg/kg,8种重金属的传统非致癌健康风险值的范围为0.65~78.80,其中部分点位As、Cd、Cr及Pb的儿童非致癌风险处于不可接受水平(HQ>1).②4种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Pb)引入BINWOE法修正的儿童非致癌健康风险值是传统方法的0.67~3.31倍.③基于重金属生物可给性的儿童非致癌健康风险值(0.70~75.00)是基于重金属总量的儿童非致癌健康风险值(1.72~116.10)的0.38~0.92倍.研究显示,对存在多种重金属污染的农用地开展儿童非致癌健康风险评估时,需考虑重金属间的相互作用及生物可给性,以避免直接套用传统风险评估方法低估(高估)污染土壤对儿童的实际健康风险.展开更多
目的了解青岛市重点公共场所室内空气中化学污染物污染状况,评估其健康风险,为青岛市公共场所卫生管理和从业人员健康提供科学依据和技术支持。方法分析青岛市2017—2020年的重点公共场所室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及氨暴露水平...目的了解青岛市重点公共场所室内空气中化学污染物污染状况,评估其健康风险,为青岛市公共场所卫生管理和从业人员健康提供科学依据和技术支持。方法分析青岛市2017—2020年的重点公共场所室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及氨暴露水平,按照《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物》进行检测,采用美国国家环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)经典“四步法”健康风险评估模型评估化学污染物经吸入途径的致癌风险和非致癌风险。结果宾馆(酒店)、美容店、理发店三类场所室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及氨的中位数浓度均低于国家标准规定的卫生限值。其中,甲醛的中位数浓度的致癌风险介于1.0×10-6~1.0×10-4,最高浓度的致癌风险大于1.0×10-4;中位数及以上浓度的慢性非致癌风险值>1。结论青岛市宾馆(酒店)、理发店和美容店从业人员室内空气中甲醛暴露存在慢性非致癌风险和较高的致癌风险,宜重点关注;苯暴露存在一定的致癌风险,宜引起关注。展开更多
预期寿命损失法(loss of life expectancy,LLE)可以对致癌和非致癌物质的环境健康风险进行评价和比较,是一种污染物环境健康风险评价的新方法.应用该方法对中国目前危害较大的6种典型致癌和非致癌污染物砷、DDTs、苯并芘、铅、汞、镉造...预期寿命损失法(loss of life expectancy,LLE)可以对致癌和非致癌物质的环境健康风险进行评价和比较,是一种污染物环境健康风险评价的新方法.应用该方法对中国目前危害较大的6种典型致癌和非致癌污染物砷、DDTs、苯并芘、铅、汞、镉造成的人体的预期寿命损失进行了分析,并比较了6种污染物的环境健康风险大小.结果表明,预期寿命损失法可以作为污染物健康风险评价的一种方法,致癌物质砷、DDTs、苯并芘分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失3.6 d、2.2 d和12.1 d,非致癌物质铅、汞、镉分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失1.1 d、1.7 d和5.8 d;用预期寿命损失方法可以对致癌、非致癌风险在同一尺度上进行比较,在目标污染物现有相关研究基础上,6种污染物的健康风险大小顺序为苯并芘>镉>砷>DDTs>汞>铅.展开更多
文摘The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,India.Sodium and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,respectively.The nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking water.The fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water.Correlation plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively correlated.Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated region.The Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater chemistry.Using the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for adults.Furthermore,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,respectively.Thus,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than adults.The THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.
文摘Intense pressure from both onshore and offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities, together with the accompanying urbanization and industrialization has resulted in massive contamination of land and water resources in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Whereas crayfish is very sensitive to contaminant in the aquatic environment and constitute an important part of human diet, its quality and safety from environmental pollutant is of serious health concern. Evaluation of dietary intake, potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic exposure via consumption of dried crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar, Nigeria was carried out between June and August 2021. Thirty-six composite samples of dried crayfish purchased from 180 vendors were used for the study. Heavy metals concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. Metals concentrations (Mg/kg) were of the ranges 0.02 - 0.24, 0.14 - 0.86, 0.32 - 0.72, 0.04 - 0.19 for Pb, Cd, Hg and As respectively. The mean content of cadmium and mercury exceeded FAO/ WHO and Commission of European Communities maximum levels for crustaceans. Average Estimated Daily Intake for each of the metals was found to be above the recommended daily intake level except for arsenic. The average estimated daily intake values for Cd and Hg were also above the tolerable upper intake level. Average Target Hazard Quotient of all the metals and Hazard Index of all the markets were below 1.00. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of the metals was greater than the standard tolerable regulatory risk (10<sup>-4</sup>) for carcinogens. Consumption of crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar could pose a range of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks.
文摘为科学评估农用地土壤重金属复合暴露对儿童的非致癌健康风险,以华南某生态观光园类农用地为研究对象,对其表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量进行检测,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评估其污染程度,并引入二元证据权重(binary weight of evidence,BINWOE)法和重金属生物可给性对儿童非致癌健康风险进行修正.结果表明:①研究区表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量分别为1.72~19.40、0.07~19.00、4.00~52.00、4.00~42.00、36.60~1.07×10^(4)、8.00~23.00、62.00~1.52×10^(3)、0.01~0.49 mg/kg,8种重金属的传统非致癌健康风险值的范围为0.65~78.80,其中部分点位As、Cd、Cr及Pb的儿童非致癌风险处于不可接受水平(HQ>1).②4种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Pb)引入BINWOE法修正的儿童非致癌健康风险值是传统方法的0.67~3.31倍.③基于重金属生物可给性的儿童非致癌健康风险值(0.70~75.00)是基于重金属总量的儿童非致癌健康风险值(1.72~116.10)的0.38~0.92倍.研究显示,对存在多种重金属污染的农用地开展儿童非致癌健康风险评估时,需考虑重金属间的相互作用及生物可给性,以避免直接套用传统风险评估方法低估(高估)污染土壤对儿童的实际健康风险.
文摘目的了解青岛市重点公共场所室内空气中化学污染物污染状况,评估其健康风险,为青岛市公共场所卫生管理和从业人员健康提供科学依据和技术支持。方法分析青岛市2017—2020年的重点公共场所室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及氨暴露水平,按照《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物》进行检测,采用美国国家环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)经典“四步法”健康风险评估模型评估化学污染物经吸入途径的致癌风险和非致癌风险。结果宾馆(酒店)、美容店、理发店三类场所室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及氨的中位数浓度均低于国家标准规定的卫生限值。其中,甲醛的中位数浓度的致癌风险介于1.0×10-6~1.0×10-4,最高浓度的致癌风险大于1.0×10-4;中位数及以上浓度的慢性非致癌风险值>1。结论青岛市宾馆(酒店)、理发店和美容店从业人员室内空气中甲醛暴露存在慢性非致癌风险和较高的致癌风险,宜重点关注;苯暴露存在一定的致癌风险,宜引起关注。
文摘预期寿命损失法(loss of life expectancy,LLE)可以对致癌和非致癌物质的环境健康风险进行评价和比较,是一种污染物环境健康风险评价的新方法.应用该方法对中国目前危害较大的6种典型致癌和非致癌污染物砷、DDTs、苯并芘、铅、汞、镉造成的人体的预期寿命损失进行了分析,并比较了6种污染物的环境健康风险大小.结果表明,预期寿命损失法可以作为污染物健康风险评价的一种方法,致癌物质砷、DDTs、苯并芘分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失3.6 d、2.2 d和12.1 d,非致癌物质铅、汞、镉分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失1.1 d、1.7 d和5.8 d;用预期寿命损失方法可以对致癌、非致癌风险在同一尺度上进行比较,在目标污染物现有相关研究基础上,6种污染物的健康风险大小顺序为苯并芘>镉>砷>DDTs>汞>铅.
