The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral compos...The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral composition,which brings difficulty in investigating their thermo-mechanical behaviors.Previous studies pay little attention to the difference between a thermal plastic strain and the strain from clay dehydration.In this study,a new constitutive model is proposed for describing the thermoelastoplastic behaviors of clayey soils under water-saturated condition.The effect of temperature variation and mechanical loading on elastoplastic strains and dehydration are investigated.The thermodynamics laws and the unconventional plasticity are applied to quantify the thermo-mechanical behavior.The irreversible strain is captured by using Cam-Clay plasticity and subloading yield surface concept.The dehydration strain is described by utilizing a novel method based on generalized thermodynamics approach and Helmholtz free energy function.The internal variables,and the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied in the model.The hardening rule is established by implementing the laws of physical conservation,energy dissipation,and plastic flow.The proposed model is validated using specially designed thermal consolidation tests on laboratory prepared heavily consolidated clayey soils and some published data of clayey soils with different geological origins.展开更多
An accurate reliable analysis method for dehydration of ethanol to ethylene was established using chromatographic separation technique and the principle of carbon balance, and the activivity of HZSM-5 molecular seive ...An accurate reliable analysis method for dehydration of ethanol to ethylene was established using chromatographic separation technique and the principle of carbon balance, and the activivity of HZSM-5 molecular seive was evaluated. The results showed that at an ethanol mass concentration of 50%, a mass space velocity of 2.0/h and a temperature of 280 ℃, the activity of catalyst was ideal, and the conversion rate of ethanol and the selectivity of ethylene were up to 99.60% and98.10%, respectively. The selectively of ethylene decreased notably with further increase of reaction temperature.展开更多
实现土壤失水过程的原位监测,对红壤区水土资源管理、自然灾害预警及防灾减灾具有重要意义。热脉冲法是目前土壤水热特性原位测量的常用方法,但红壤土失水时极易产生裂缝,单探针热脉冲法能否准确测定失水过程目前尚不清楚。通过室内模...实现土壤失水过程的原位监测,对红壤区水土资源管理、自然灾害预警及防灾减灾具有重要意义。热脉冲法是目前土壤水热特性原位测量的常用方法,但红壤土失水时极易产生裂缝,单探针热脉冲法能否准确测定失水过程目前尚不清楚。通过室内模拟土壤从饱和到干燥的连续失水过程,用时域反射法(TDR)作为标准对照,验证热脉冲方法测定土壤失水过程的准确性,并评估土壤裂缝产生后对单探针热脉冲法的影响。结果表明:随着土壤失水,土壤热导率K值由1.8 W/(m·K)减小到1.1 W/(m·K),热扩散率α值由1.0×10^(-8)m^(2)/s增加到3.0×10-8 m 2/s,比热容C值由1.8×108 J/(kg·K)减小到0.4×10^(8)J/(kg·K);接触热导率H值随着土壤失水具有台阶状变化特征,与土壤含水率变化速率的转折相吻合;与TDR测定结果相比,MAE和RMSE值分别为1.66和1.94 cm 3/cm^(3),R^(2)值为0.96;单探针热脉冲法能提供可靠的红壤土失水过程测定结果,且H值的变化能指征土壤裂隙的产生,可为土壤干湿循环过程、边坡和堤坝稳定性的动态监测提供技术和理论支撑。展开更多
Online measurement of water volume fraction (WVF) in dehydrated crude oil is a difficult task due to very little water in dehydrated crude oil and high precision requirements. We presents a method to measure water vol...Online measurement of water volume fraction (WVF) in dehydrated crude oil is a difficult task due to very little water in dehydrated crude oil and high precision requirements. We presents a method to measure water volume fraction in dehydrated crude oil with γ-ray densitometry. The Monte Carlo computer simulation packet GEANT4 was used to analyze the WVF measuring sensitivity of the γ-ray densitometry at different γ-ray energies, and effects of temperature, pressure, salinity and oil components on WVF measurement. The results show that the γ-ray densitometry has high sensitivity in γ-ray energy ranges of 16~25keV, and it can distinguish WVF changes of 0.0005. The calculated WVF decreases about 0.0002 with 1℃ of temperature increase and they have approximately linear relation with temperature when water volume fraction remains the same. Effects of pressure, salinity and oil components on water volume fraction can be neglected. Experiments were done to analyze sensitivity of the γ-ray densitometry. The results , as compared with simulations, demonstrate that simulation method is reliable and it is feasible to gauge low water volume fraction using low energy γ-rays.展开更多
基金funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery Grant Canada(Grant No.RGPIN-2017-05169).
文摘The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral composition,which brings difficulty in investigating their thermo-mechanical behaviors.Previous studies pay little attention to the difference between a thermal plastic strain and the strain from clay dehydration.In this study,a new constitutive model is proposed for describing the thermoelastoplastic behaviors of clayey soils under water-saturated condition.The effect of temperature variation and mechanical loading on elastoplastic strains and dehydration are investigated.The thermodynamics laws and the unconventional plasticity are applied to quantify the thermo-mechanical behavior.The irreversible strain is captured by using Cam-Clay plasticity and subloading yield surface concept.The dehydration strain is described by utilizing a novel method based on generalized thermodynamics approach and Helmholtz free energy function.The internal variables,and the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied in the model.The hardening rule is established by implementing the laws of physical conservation,energy dissipation,and plastic flow.The proposed model is validated using specially designed thermal consolidation tests on laboratory prepared heavily consolidated clayey soils and some published data of clayey soils with different geological origins.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(21225626)Natural Science Foundation of China(21406112)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Torch Program)(2012AA022300,2014AA021206)~~
文摘An accurate reliable analysis method for dehydration of ethanol to ethylene was established using chromatographic separation technique and the principle of carbon balance, and the activivity of HZSM-5 molecular seive was evaluated. The results showed that at an ethanol mass concentration of 50%, a mass space velocity of 2.0/h and a temperature of 280 ℃, the activity of catalyst was ideal, and the conversion rate of ethanol and the selectivity of ethylene were up to 99.60% and98.10%, respectively. The selectively of ethylene decreased notably with further increase of reaction temperature.
文摘实现土壤失水过程的原位监测,对红壤区水土资源管理、自然灾害预警及防灾减灾具有重要意义。热脉冲法是目前土壤水热特性原位测量的常用方法,但红壤土失水时极易产生裂缝,单探针热脉冲法能否准确测定失水过程目前尚不清楚。通过室内模拟土壤从饱和到干燥的连续失水过程,用时域反射法(TDR)作为标准对照,验证热脉冲方法测定土壤失水过程的准确性,并评估土壤裂缝产生后对单探针热脉冲法的影响。结果表明:随着土壤失水,土壤热导率K值由1.8 W/(m·K)减小到1.1 W/(m·K),热扩散率α值由1.0×10^(-8)m^(2)/s增加到3.0×10-8 m 2/s,比热容C值由1.8×108 J/(kg·K)减小到0.4×10^(8)J/(kg·K);接触热导率H值随着土壤失水具有台阶状变化特征,与土壤含水率变化速率的转折相吻合;与TDR测定结果相比,MAE和RMSE值分别为1.66和1.94 cm 3/cm^(3),R^(2)值为0.96;单探针热脉冲法能提供可靠的红壤土失水过程测定结果,且H值的变化能指征土壤裂隙的产生,可为土壤干湿循环过程、边坡和堤坝稳定性的动态监测提供技术和理论支撑。
文摘Online measurement of water volume fraction (WVF) in dehydrated crude oil is a difficult task due to very little water in dehydrated crude oil and high precision requirements. We presents a method to measure water volume fraction in dehydrated crude oil with γ-ray densitometry. The Monte Carlo computer simulation packet GEANT4 was used to analyze the WVF measuring sensitivity of the γ-ray densitometry at different γ-ray energies, and effects of temperature, pressure, salinity and oil components on WVF measurement. The results show that the γ-ray densitometry has high sensitivity in γ-ray energy ranges of 16~25keV, and it can distinguish WVF changes of 0.0005. The calculated WVF decreases about 0.0002 with 1℃ of temperature increase and they have approximately linear relation with temperature when water volume fraction remains the same. Effects of pressure, salinity and oil components on water volume fraction can be neglected. Experiments were done to analyze sensitivity of the γ-ray densitometry. The results , as compared with simulations, demonstrate that simulation method is reliable and it is feasible to gauge low water volume fraction using low energy γ-rays.
