Objective: To measure scFv antibody af finity using non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods:Using serial dilutions of antigen (, ) and antibody (anti-MAGE-A1 scFv antibody), the affinity co...Objective: To measure scFv antibody af finity using non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods:Using serial dilutions of antigen (, ) and antibody (anti-MAGE-A1 scFv antibody), the affinity constant (K aff) was measured by non-competitive ELISA. Two sigmoid curves of optical density (OD) v ersus logarithms of antibody concentrations were estimated by SPSS 10.0 software . The maximum value of OD (OD-100) of each curve was computed respectively and OD-50, half of OD-100, was obtained. Then the concentrations of antibody corre sponding to OD-50 on the curves, named t and t were calculated . For =1/2 , K aff=1/{2 t- t}. Results: The affinity constant of scFv antibody was about 1.432×1 06 L/mol. Conclusion: Based on the Law of Mass Action, n on-competitive ELISA method for measurement of antibody-antigen affinity const ant is simple, rapid and reliable.展开更多
Based on a refined "non-competitive input-output model," this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country's high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the ...Based on a refined "non-competitive input-output model," this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country's high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of" weighted value-added productivity " by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids "statistical illusion" which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China's high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China's high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.展开更多
Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017,this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sect...Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017,this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sectors,and further investigated its influencing factors and convergence issues.The results of the study showed that:①The embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s overall product sector demonstrated a positive development trend from 2002 to 2017,and this positive trend was more obvious after the implementation of conservation culture construction in 2012.But the differences of embodied carbon emission efficiency level among the product sectors were still significant.②Measured by the K-means clustering analysis method,this study found that agriculture,other service industries,wholesale and retail industries,catering industry,construction industry and manufacturing industry with strong innovation ability were mostly concentrated at high and medium efficiency levels,while industrial sectors with resource dependence and high energy consumption,such as metal smelting and rolling processing industries,non metallic mineral products industry,and coal mining industry,were at a low efficiency level.③All product sectors hadσconvergence,absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence during 2002-2010 and 2010-2017,and the level of each product sector in 2010-2017 was higher than that in 2002-2010 according to the perspective of convergence speed and degree of convergence.④Technological progress had not fully played a role in suppressing energy consumption and improving the efficiency of embodied carbon efficiency,and it would also widen the gap between the embodied carbon emission efficiency levels of various product sectors.The expansion of trade scale could effectively improve carbon emission efficiency and narrow the gap between sectors.Environmental regulation could effectively promote the improvement of embodied carbon emission efficiency but would widen the level gap between sectors.These findings indicate that China needs to build a sound environmental regulation system for the development of low-carbon trade,continue to reasonably expand the scale of trade,eliminate backward industries with production capacity,vigorously develop low-carbon technologies such as new energy,strengthen the exchange of low carbon technologies and industrial cooperation among sectors,and promote coordinated development among industries.展开更多
China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and struct...China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and structural decomposition of China's green value-added by constructing a non-competitive input-output table for environmental pollution from 1978 to 2017.The results indicate that pollution production coefficients increased continuously,and the green value-added index decreased.Additionally,the structural decomposition showed that investment and export were critical for economic growth during the period,though they were accompanied by serious pollution problems.The pollution generated by the raw material(represented by coal mining)and processing industries(represented by the textiles)were not controlled effectively.Pollution treatment for these industries should be strengthened in the future.The study has implications for government officials,policy makers,and academics.First,China should make green development a core concept for economic development,increase environmental pollution governance,develop a“green GDP,”incorporate the external costs of environmental pollution into the national economic accounting system.Second,it must change the investment and export structure as well as the traditional economic development pattern that exacerbates pollution.Specifically,the country should develop industries with low pollution and promote the export of industries producing high value-added products and increase green GDP per capita.Third,it should closely monitor the development of highly polluting industries.Upgrading technology to reduce pollution and strengthening pollution treatment will reduce the number of polluting industries and improve environmental governance efficiency.展开更多
In this paper we construct an extended non-competitive input-occupancy-output model that captures China's processing trade and also develop a methodology to estimate the domestic value-added and employment generated ...In this paper we construct an extended non-competitive input-occupancy-output model that captures China's processing trade and also develop a methodology to estimate the domestic value-added and employment generated by each unit of total exports, of exports by sector, and of exports by commodity, respectively. We also prove mathematically that the gross value of exports is equal to the sum of total value added and total imports. Based on the methodology proposed here, we compile the 2002 extended Chinese non-competitive input-occupancy-output table and the United States non-competitive input-occupancy- output table, and then estimate and analyze the effects of China's exports and US exports on their respective domestic value added and employment.展开更多
supported by the Taishan Scholar Construction Engineering by Shandong Government the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61120106011 and 61203029
A series of polymer blends were prepared from 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene(3 BOCN) and epoxy resin with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent. The curing behavior and curing kinetics of the ble...A series of polymer blends were prepared from 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene(3 BOCN) and epoxy resin with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent. The curing behavior and curing kinetics of the blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The apparent activation energy of the blends with various contents of 3 BOCN was higher than that of the blends without 3 BOCN. A model experiment suggested that there is no obvious reaction between phthalonitrile and epoxy. The thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blends were evaluated. The polymer blends exhibit high storage modulus and char yield compared with the neat epoxy. The polymer blends show ductile fracture morphology by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images.展开更多
In this paper,we discuss the development process of local government special bonds,and the role channels of local government special debt investment in driving China’s economic growth.Based on the specific decomposit...In this paper,we discuss the development process of local government special bonds,and the role channels of local government special debt investment in driving China’s economic growth.Based on the specific decomposition of Xinjiang local government special bond investment,this paper uses the non-competitive input-output model for the first time to analyze the net pulling effect of Xinjiang local government special bond investment on Xinjiang’s GDP and employment in 2020.Two measure calibers are set in this paper based on whether the financing costs are considered or not;in addition,we set up four scenarios based on two conditions:Whether to consider retained fun and whether to consider using special-purpose bond investment to leverage social capital.The results show that:1)when financing costs are not considered,the RMB77.4 billion local government special-purpose bonds can push the GDP of Xinjiang to grow by RMB42.27 billion,RMB35.12 billion,RMB77.548billion and RMB69.34 billion respectively under the four scenarios;2)when financing costs are not considered,the number of jobs driven by the RMB77.4 billion local government special-purpose bonds was respectively 372,300,324,500,718,500 and 601,300 in the four scenarios;3)when financing costs are considered,the RMB77.4 billion local government special-purpose bonds can push the GDP of Xinjiang to grow by RMB71.876 billion and RMB64.268 billion under scenario 3)and scenario 4).展开更多
Dysregulation of kinases has been proven to be one of the main causes of abnormal growth and survival of cancer cells.Selective modulations of kinase activities have become the focus of many research programs for the ...Dysregulation of kinases has been proven to be one of the main causes of abnormal growth and survival of cancer cells.Selective modulations of kinase activities have become the focus of many research programs for the development of safe and effective chemotherapy for cancers.So far,fifteen kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of various forms of cancers.Among them,the allosteric kinase inhibitors have been shown to have superior clinical profile in terms of safety and efficacy.In this review,we summarize the allosteric conformations of kinases,their corresponding inhibitors and the modes of their interactions.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci shifted unexpectedly in China from a predominance of B biotype to Q biotype during 2005-2008. This observation stimulated an interest in inves- tigating whether environmental factors, including host, te...Bemisia tabaci shifted unexpectedly in China from a predominance of B biotype to Q biotype during 2005-2008. This observation stimulated an interest in inves- tigating whether environmental factors, including host, temperature and relative humidity (RH) could possibly explain the observed shift in biotypes distribution. Results indicated that all three parameters examined influenced biotype survivability. The percentage of B biotype, when reared together on pepper plants with the Q biotype, decreased significantly from 66.7% in the founder population, to 13.6% and 3.7% in the first and second genera- tions, respectively. When the B (founder at 66.7%) and Q (founder at 33.3%) biotypes were reared together on eggplant alone, or on pepper-plus-eggplant combination, the population size of the B biotype either remained constant, or increased somewhat in the first and sec- ond generations. On eggplant, the effects of RH and temperature on the competitiveness between the Q and B biotypes (3 pairs of Q and 6 pairs of B) were not significant.展开更多
基金Science Fund of Department of Health of Jiangsu Province(H200103)
文摘Objective: To measure scFv antibody af finity using non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods:Using serial dilutions of antigen (, ) and antibody (anti-MAGE-A1 scFv antibody), the affinity constant (K aff) was measured by non-competitive ELISA. Two sigmoid curves of optical density (OD) v ersus logarithms of antibody concentrations were estimated by SPSS 10.0 software . The maximum value of OD (OD-100) of each curve was computed respectively and OD-50, half of OD-100, was obtained. Then the concentrations of antibody corre sponding to OD-50 on the curves, named t and t were calculated . For =1/2 , K aff=1/{2 t- t}. Results: The affinity constant of scFv antibody was about 1.432×1 06 L/mol. Conclusion: Based on the Law of Mass Action, n on-competitive ELISA method for measurement of antibody-antigen affinity const ant is simple, rapid and reliable.
文摘Based on a refined "non-competitive input-output model," this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country's high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of" weighted value-added productivity " by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids "statistical illusion" which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China's high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China's high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.
基金Project of Basic Work of Science and Technology of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department in 2020,“Quantification of Ecological Compensation in Southwest China Based on Carbon Balance”[Grant number.Guizhou Science Cooperation Basic Project[2020]1Y287]Research Fund Project of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2020,“Research on the Influencing Factors of China's Low-carbon Trade Competitiveness”[Grant number.2020XJC01].
文摘Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017,this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sectors,and further investigated its influencing factors and convergence issues.The results of the study showed that:①The embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s overall product sector demonstrated a positive development trend from 2002 to 2017,and this positive trend was more obvious after the implementation of conservation culture construction in 2012.But the differences of embodied carbon emission efficiency level among the product sectors were still significant.②Measured by the K-means clustering analysis method,this study found that agriculture,other service industries,wholesale and retail industries,catering industry,construction industry and manufacturing industry with strong innovation ability were mostly concentrated at high and medium efficiency levels,while industrial sectors with resource dependence and high energy consumption,such as metal smelting and rolling processing industries,non metallic mineral products industry,and coal mining industry,were at a low efficiency level.③All product sectors hadσconvergence,absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence during 2002-2010 and 2010-2017,and the level of each product sector in 2010-2017 was higher than that in 2002-2010 according to the perspective of convergence speed and degree of convergence.④Technological progress had not fully played a role in suppressing energy consumption and improving the efficiency of embodied carbon efficiency,and it would also widen the gap between the embodied carbon emission efficiency levels of various product sectors.The expansion of trade scale could effectively improve carbon emission efficiency and narrow the gap between sectors.Environmental regulation could effectively promote the improvement of embodied carbon emission efficiency but would widen the level gap between sectors.These findings indicate that China needs to build a sound environmental regulation system for the development of low-carbon trade,continue to reasonably expand the scale of trade,eliminate backward industries with production capacity,vigorously develop low-carbon technologies such as new energy,strengthen the exchange of low carbon technologies and industrial cooperation among sectors,and promote coordinated development among industries.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant number:14AZD085],“Research on the Evolution Trend and Countermeasures of China's Economic Growth Quality under the New Normal Condition”the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number:71373106],“Research on the Transformation Dynamics of Industrial Added Value Rate and Policy Simulation:A Case Study of Manufacturing Industry in Yangtze River Delta.”。
文摘China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and structural decomposition of China's green value-added by constructing a non-competitive input-output table for environmental pollution from 1978 to 2017.The results indicate that pollution production coefficients increased continuously,and the green value-added index decreased.Additionally,the structural decomposition showed that investment and export were critical for economic growth during the period,though they were accompanied by serious pollution problems.The pollution generated by the raw material(represented by coal mining)and processing industries(represented by the textiles)were not controlled effectively.Pollution treatment for these industries should be strengthened in the future.The study has implications for government officials,policy makers,and academics.First,China should make green development a core concept for economic development,increase environmental pollution governance,develop a“green GDP,”incorporate the external costs of environmental pollution into the national economic accounting system.Second,it must change the investment and export structure as well as the traditional economic development pattern that exacerbates pollution.Specifically,the country should develop industries with low pollution and promote the export of industries producing high value-added products and increase green GDP per capita.Third,it should closely monitor the development of highly polluting industries.Upgrading technology to reduce pollution and strengthening pollution treatment will reduce the number of polluting industries and improve environmental governance efficiency.
基金This is a translated version of the paper published in Chinese in Social Sciences in China (Zhongguo shehui kexue, 2007, no. 5, pp. 91-103), which has received the "Pei-Kang CHANG Development Economics Award" and "Sun Yefang Economics Award." The authors are grateful to Mr. Tung Chee- hwa, former President of Hong Kong SAR, Chinese University of Hong Kong and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70810107020, 70871108, 60474063) for their financial support. The authors thank Dr Wang Zhi from US International Trade Commission, and anonymous referees for their useful comments. Usual claims are applied.
文摘In this paper we construct an extended non-competitive input-occupancy-output model that captures China's processing trade and also develop a methodology to estimate the domestic value-added and employment generated by each unit of total exports, of exports by sector, and of exports by commodity, respectively. We also prove mathematically that the gross value of exports is equal to the sum of total value added and total imports. Based on the methodology proposed here, we compile the 2002 extended Chinese non-competitive input-occupancy-output table and the United States non-competitive input-occupancy- output table, and then estimate and analyze the effects of China's exports and US exports on their respective domestic value added and employment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71125005,70871108,and 70810107020Outstanding Talents Funds of Organization Department,Beijing Committee of CPC
文摘supported by the Taishan Scholar Construction Engineering by Shandong Government the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61120106011 and 61203029
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51203098 and 51173114)
文摘A series of polymer blends were prepared from 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene(3 BOCN) and epoxy resin with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent. The curing behavior and curing kinetics of the blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The apparent activation energy of the blends with various contents of 3 BOCN was higher than that of the blends without 3 BOCN. A model experiment suggested that there is no obvious reaction between phthalonitrile and epoxy. The thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blends were evaluated. The polymer blends exhibit high storage modulus and char yield compared with the neat epoxy. The polymer blends show ductile fracture morphology by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images.
文摘In this paper,we discuss the development process of local government special bonds,and the role channels of local government special debt investment in driving China’s economic growth.Based on the specific decomposition of Xinjiang local government special bond investment,this paper uses the non-competitive input-output model for the first time to analyze the net pulling effect of Xinjiang local government special bond investment on Xinjiang’s GDP and employment in 2020.Two measure calibers are set in this paper based on whether the financing costs are considered or not;in addition,we set up four scenarios based on two conditions:Whether to consider retained fun and whether to consider using special-purpose bond investment to leverage social capital.The results show that:1)when financing costs are not considered,the RMB77.4 billion local government special-purpose bonds can push the GDP of Xinjiang to grow by RMB42.27 billion,RMB35.12 billion,RMB77.548billion and RMB69.34 billion respectively under the four scenarios;2)when financing costs are not considered,the number of jobs driven by the RMB77.4 billion local government special-purpose bonds was respectively 372,300,324,500,718,500 and 601,300 in the four scenarios;3)when financing costs are considered,the RMB77.4 billion local government special-purpose bonds can push the GDP of Xinjiang to grow by RMB71.876 billion and RMB64.268 billion under scenario 3)and scenario 4).
文摘Dysregulation of kinases has been proven to be one of the main causes of abnormal growth and survival of cancer cells.Selective modulations of kinase activities have become the focus of many research programs for the development of safe and effective chemotherapy for cancers.So far,fifteen kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of various forms of cancers.Among them,the allosteric kinase inhibitors have been shown to have superior clinical profile in terms of safety and efficacy.In this review,we summarize the allosteric conformations of kinases,their corresponding inhibitors and the modes of their interactions.
文摘Bemisia tabaci shifted unexpectedly in China from a predominance of B biotype to Q biotype during 2005-2008. This observation stimulated an interest in inves- tigating whether environmental factors, including host, temperature and relative humidity (RH) could possibly explain the observed shift in biotypes distribution. Results indicated that all three parameters examined influenced biotype survivability. The percentage of B biotype, when reared together on pepper plants with the Q biotype, decreased significantly from 66.7% in the founder population, to 13.6% and 3.7% in the first and second genera- tions, respectively. When the B (founder at 66.7%) and Q (founder at 33.3%) biotypes were reared together on eggplant alone, or on pepper-plus-eggplant combination, the population size of the B biotype either remained constant, or increased somewhat in the first and sec- ond generations. On eggplant, the effects of RH and temperature on the competitiveness between the Q and B biotypes (3 pairs of Q and 6 pairs of B) were not significant.