A Study of the Translation of English Legal Vocabulary under the Guidance of the Skopos Theory

With the rapid development of society,most of countries around the world are all attaching importance to the construction of the rule of law.Many countries are drawing lessons from each others’excellent legal achievements.Legal translation is an important branch of translation field and is playing an increasingly essential part in legal changes.With the deepening of China’s rule of law,China’s construction of legal system has stepped into a new phase.A large number of excellent Chinese legal documents are being translated into English,and many laws of Britain and America also have been translated into Chinese.The globalization of law has been an irreversible tendency.With the vigorous development of legal translation,how to correctly translate foreign legal achievements into Chinese has become a very arduous task for translators.The research field of legal translation includes the study of vocabulary,discourse,sentence and so on.The quality of translation of English legal vocabulary is key to deciding the quality of the whole translation of the legal text.Guided by the Skopos theory,which is a well-known theory put forward by German School of translation,the author makes a preliminary study on the translation of English legal vocabulary.By using and analyzing example sentences,the author makes summary about five characteristics of English legal vocabulary:common English vocabulary expressing legal meanings,use of ancient English vocabulary,parallel use of synonyms,use of modal verbs,use of professional terms and legal jargon.On the premise of conforming to the Skopos theory,four strategies of translating English legal vocabulary are summarized by the author according to these characteristics of English legal vocabulary,which are respectively fuzzy processing of English legal vocabulary,giving play to translators’subjectivity,possessing consciousness of legal texts,correct use of domestication and foreignization.The author stresses the important role of translators’subjectivity in the translation of English legal vocabulary,the correct use of domestication and foreignization and lastly links characteristics of English legal vocabulary,the Skopos theory and strategies of translation of English legal vocabulary effectively.The study has the certain innovation and reference significance in improving the quality of legal translation.

The Bridge to a Western Confucianism:Between Legal Theory and Private Law

The aim of this essay is to analyse the future of Confucianism in Western societies or,at least,through the exegesis of Western scholars.To realize this overview definitely means to verify how Confucian thought crossed many contemporary and later theories,especially in juridical fields as the theory of private law and the public comparative law.That system of customary rules and pragmatic ethics did not fail to face the modernity by enlarging its views in the context of much more complex societies:So,a typical phenomenon of Eastern civilities,to the point that it is generally considered the most peculiar inheritance of both Chinese spirituality and administrative political science,became an interesting and suggestive test bench for different starting points.If it is correct to say that this is not a proper nowadays stance(remembering the praise of Leibniz and Voltaire,for instance),it is even more likely that Confucianism will catch the attention of a larger academic audience also in the nearest future and not only narrowing its rise to the enormous economic growth of the Chinese influence and ruling role in the world,directly getting a level of strength not far from the American governance.Unsurprisingly,the first defined approaches to a Western Confucianism,mixing elements from its absolutely unique written or traditional sources and aspects taken from the comparison with other cultures,are still coming from United States’universities,in the scientific field of sinology and,step by step,comparative law’s scholars and legal theorists.This fascinating development that opens up Confucian ethics to a bigger spectre of teachings and belongings is happening while Confucian rituals,temples,and precepts are reaching in modern days China an always more cohesive and aggregating religious phenomenology.The West looks for ideas,while the East is trying to find stability around a metaphysical substructure of common values to prevent conflicts and to keep societies safe.

Discussion on the Logical Coordination between Legal Theory and Legal Practice——from the Perspective of the Legal Basis of NPC5s Discussion and Decisiomaking Power on Major Issues

The decision of local people's congresses to discuss major issues is a basic right granted to local people's congresses by the Chinese Constitution and laws.However,in practice,the implementation of the power of deliberation of major issues by local people's congresses is worrying.By applying the theory of Chinese traditionalism and unity in the theory of law,the theory of"sovereignty in the people"in the social contract theory of Western natural law school,Austin's"legal command theory55 in Western positivist law and Hart's"recognition""Rules theory"to argue that the integrity of rights necessarily involves the dual factors of decision-making and execution.At the same time,the existence and operation of the law always reflects the development of the political system.The realistic political situation requires us to make more precise and meticulous refinement of the external form and specific technical links of the legal system,and to coordinate the rules to make up the legal theory and Conflicts and conflicts in legal practice help to reform social institutions.

Analysis on the Necessity and the Way of Introducing Legal Theory into College Ideological and Political Education under Legal Environme

In this paper, we conduct research on the necessity and the way of introducing legal theory into college ideological and politicaleducation under legal environment. Education courses in colleges and universities should grasp of Marxism is the unity of scientifi c theories andscientifi c faith that causes the student to accept and agree with Marxism, to establish faith in Marxism. All faith in essence is the awakening ofman “class consciousness”, is the feeling of value and meaning of life, to leave this, any belief is not established, the establishment of Marxismbelief is also inseparable from it. Therefore under the new media environment, the ideological and political teachers should actively change theteaching idea, set up the general modern education teaching idea, further strengthen the application of all kinds of new media in ideological andpolitical education, only in this way can in maximum extent, improve the college ideological education level and education quality, and promotethe healthy development of college students. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel and new idea on the issues that will be innovativeand helpful.

An Analysis on How Feminist Legal Theory Affects US

The differences between men and women are transformed into inequalities by society.However,legal rules are silent on the issue,which strengthens the prejudice and injustice.Responding the unfair oppression,feminism was associated with law,which gives great shape and direction to the legal community and women's life.This article first presents the general objective of feminist legal theory,its four schools and their specific aims.Then the methods,which feminist legal scholars adopt to develop the theory and enrich law,are summarized.Thirdly,it discusses the impacts of the theory upon the legal system and the lives of real women,and how the theory exercises the effects from three respects.

On the Theory of Communicative Action of Jurgen Habermas and the Reconstruction of the Legal Culture of China

Habermas is one of the Western scholars who make great contribution to the contem porary humanistic and social science. He puts forward the theory of communicative action,which,with language as the medium,aims at mutual understanding and reaching an agreement. The theory of communicative action of Haberm as has the model significance for the reconstruction of the legal culture of China. Through studying of such a theory,this paper attem pts to interpret the rationalistic philosophy of the Western legal democracy which is based on the theory of discussion,and according to the current situation of the legal culture of China,this paper puts forward that we should refer to the theory of communicative action of Haberm as in order to accelerate the socialist legislation and prom ote the im plementation of the socialist concept of ruling by law.

The General Theory of Law and Its Development in China

Study of the general theory of law,as an independent branch of legal research,originated in Germany in the mid to late 19th century,and thereafter became a widely propagated and well-developed subject in countries such as the UK and the US.Scholars from the Soviet Union combined the general theory of law with Marxist philosophy and adapted it from an analytical legal theory to a social legal theory.The inheritance and development of the general theory of law in China went through three stages.Specifically,from the 1950s to the early 1960s,the jurisprudence community fully adopted the legal theories promoted by the Soviet Union;from the early 1980s to the late 1990s,the studies reflected upon past theories and sought advancement;and from the late 1990s to present,research has adopted a more open and innovative approach.In addition,the philosophy of law and other interdisciplinary subjects have gradually become dominant research paradigms.A review and compilation based on the evolution of theories of legal relations showed that the study of the general theory of law in China is closely associated to the historical rate of progress of the practice of rule of law and jurisprudence in China.The overall framework of the research is deeply influenced by the model of“theories of the Soviet+civil-law prototypes”.In addition,the research methods have evolved from investigations utilizing a single approach to processes combining various approaches.The general theory of law is far from a“relic of history,”and corresponding in-depth research is recommended for future jurisprudence study in China.

公共图书馆赋能数字乡村建设:要素、路径及策略

在乡村振兴战略的实施以及数字乡村的建设中,公共图书馆应充分发挥功能,赋能数字乡村建设。分析相关法规与政策文本,能够挖掘和阐发公共图书馆赋能数字乡村建设的关键要素和作用路径,并为其助推数字乡村可持续发展提供对策建议。本文通过文献调查法、网络调查法采集数字乡村和乡村振兴战略相关的政策法规,并应用扎根理论研究方法对相关文本内容进行质性分析。研究表明,公共图书馆可以通过“数字传播”“数智教育”“数实融合”“数源供给”“数字科普”“数字治理”等途径,实现数字乡村文化、教育、服务、人才、健康、城乡融合赋能,从而推动数字乡村建设,助力乡村振兴。图2。表4。参考文献48。

大模型时代我国人工智能法学理论体系的构建

在大模型时代,人工智能法学及其理论体系迅速发展,逐渐形成独特的学科分支。新兴的人工智能法学不仅重构了传统的法学研究对象,也带来了创新的研究方法,同时提出了与众不同的正义观念。这些理论的形成和发展,与大型人工智能模型(如ChatGPT)的出现密不可分,后者在推动理论更新、促进法治实践全面提升方面发挥了巨大作用。中国在建设自身的人工智能法学理论体系过程中,得益于已有的法学理论基础和人工智能产业的蓬勃发展,然而,研究水平的不均和学科间壁垒的存在,成为建设中的难题。未来的工作需要将基本概念、框架建设以及多维、动态、可进化的理论体系的构建作为重点。技术的进步将不断推动法学理论的演变。从弱人工智能到强人工智能的转变为法学理论的发展带来了挑战和机遇。在这个过程中,确保人类价值观、权利和安全是至关重要的。构建人工智能法学理论体系,需要避免技术的潜在恶意应用,同时引导它向善。这不仅是一个学术上的努力,更是社会对于法律新概念和实践的重塑。这一工作涉及多学科合作,需要全球共识的形成和实践的更新,对法治的未来和法律体系的完善将产生长远的影响。

司法裁判如何实现社会治理

司法裁判的微观修复功能源自司法权的本质,宏观社会功能来自案件传播中的观念磨合与共识形成,司法裁判与社会治理在法理上是相融共通的,也会推进公平正义、稳定秩序、公共理性与个体尊严等社会治理价值目标的实现。司法裁判参与社会治理的方式包括:推动公共政策的形成;规范行政权力的运行;促进法律适用的统一;形塑公众观念和行为。司法裁判发挥社会治理作用需要一定的条件,亦存在被滥用的风险,为了防范这些问题,需要坚持司法的职能定位和基本逻辑,强化裁判文书的释法说理能力,注重司法与民意之间的良性互动,拓展和优化司法裁判的共知共享途径。

马克思主义法学理论中国化的现时代向度

新时代全面依法治国思想的理论基础和溯源正是马克思主义法学理论,而同时全面依法治国在战略布局、全面推进、系统执行上又丰富和创新了马克思主义法学理论,推动其不断地时代化、中国化。文章正是在马克思主义中国化与全面依法治国的宏大背景下,结合当代中国法学理论现状和新时代全面依法治国的形势要求,以“现时代向度”视角切入,系统探讨新时代新征程马克思主义法学理论中国化的时代化创新。

促进中国式现代化的发展法学理论创新

旨在解决发展问题、促进全面发展的发展法学学科,与中国式现代化发展战略存在高度耦合,提供了研究中国式现代化的新视角。中国式现代化的新发展战略与发展法学的理论创新存在双向互动关系:一方面,中国式现代化的新发展战略,构造了发展法学的新背景,要求从系统主义维度进一步创新发展法学理论;另一方面,系统主义发展法学理论在方法论、制度体系、理论体系三个维度的递进式创新,有助于促进与保障中国式现代化的实现。具体而言,在方法论创新方面,发展法学作为一门系统科学,应融入系统论方法以及结构—功能分析方法,进行以中国发展问题为中心的新综合研究,指导制度体系和理论体系的创新;在制度体系创新方面,系统发展法学理论应从促进全面发展出发,通过合理配置发展权利、义务与责任,创新促进中国式现代化的包容型制度体系;在理论体系创新方面,系统发展法学理论应从发生论、本体论、价值论、规范论、运行论、范畴论方面进一步创新,在发展研究领域建构中国自主的法学知识体系,为世界法学理论之进步与世界共同发展之实践,贡献中国方案。

不当得利法释义学的建构

不当得利法始于罗马法,集大成于德国民法,旨在调整私法上无法律上原因的财产变动,涉及整个私法关系。中国台湾地区不当得利法继受于德国,其法释义学的建构亦主要依靠学说继受。在不当得利法的体系建构上,类型化区分非常关键。当前台湾地区通说采类型说,将不当得利区分为给付型不当得利和非给付型不当得利两大类型。前者旨在调整失败法律交易的财产变动、物权行为无因性理论,与市场私法自治密切相关。后者尤其是权益侵害型不当得利旨在强化对权益的保护,有较广阔的适用领域。通过比较法学说继受、本土判例积累以及学说发展深化,建构不当得利的理论体系并使之精细化,亦是内地不当得利法发展的重要课题。

法学教育理论与实践脱节论的三重逻辑反思

应新时代全面依法治国的实践要求,新一轮法学教育改革正在紧张酝酿中,改什么与怎么改成为关键问题。目前法学界在改革的主要问题上形成了理论与实践脱节的观点。本文再度深入反思上述观点,追问其逻辑证立问题。通过三重逻辑反思,认为法学教育中的理论性并未被充分挖掘和讲授,理论与实践的脱节是正常现象,理论与实践是一种“貌离神合”的关系;法学教育中理论联系实践与理论联系实际是不同的,理论联系实际的难度要远小于理论联系实践,应鼓励教师理论联系实际。通过对脱节论的三重逻辑反思,可以发现理论与实践在法学教育中既不能偏废,也不能过度强调,只有真正将“理论与实践有效结合”才是未来法学教育综合改革的可靠出发点与方向。

卢梭的立法者难题及其中国解决方案

卢梭认为,立法者承担着塑造政治生活方式和塑造人民的职能,其行动原理是公意。不过,卢梭在其政治理论中引入独立的立法者,却产生了一个难题,那就是如何确保人民和立法者关系的统一。立法者不是人民本身,如何确保立法者制定的法律正是人民自己想要的法律或者确保立法者制定的法律就是人民自己制定的法律,卢梭并没有解决这一难题。中国的立法实践从实质上初步解决了卢梭的立法者难题,既能保证人民成为真正的立法者,又能保证人民制定的法律符合公意。

新文科视域下法律史研究的法学化论纲

作为法学学科体系中一门特征明显的交叉学科,法律史学可成为新文科理论与实践改革的优质素材,新文科理念的融入可有效提高法律史研究的科学性。法律史专业在国内法学院中的边缘化处境,不利于满足党的二十大报告提出的传承和发展中华优秀传统法律文化的要求。法律史研究内容、研究视角、研究方法等要素与法律实践较为脱节;同时,其研究成果的碎片化和表象化等倾向,严重影响法律史研究的科学发展及研究共同体的形成与稳固,也就难以形成能够反映中国风格与气派的学术研究成果,削弱我国法律文化在国际上的竞争力。认识新文科之于法律史研究的总体意义,并以新文科为标尺,检视当下法律史研究存在的不足之处,把新文科作为促进法律史研究法学化的重要抓手,探索其着力发展的具体路径,切实推动具有自主性的中国法律史学科体系和话语体系的形成与发展,无疑具有重要的学科价值。

中国法学自主知识体系建构中的传统法学理论资源现代转换

中国百余年来的法治国家、法治社会及法治政府建构,始终处在西方现代法学知识的强有力影响之下。伴随着中国法治现代化的深入推进,西方法学强势影响下的法学知识体系在实践解释上逐渐显得捉襟见肘,在概念体系及理论逻辑上也暴露出了明显问题,法学自主知识体系建构遂提上了议事日程。法学自主知识体系建构在理论上固然要妥善处理法治实践与法学知识的辩证关系,立足于中国法治实践,坚持马克思主义认识论的指导;同时也要妥善处理好传统与现代的辩证关系,尤其是涉及法学基本概念体系的提炼,以及法学思维方式及理论架构的优化,宜从中华传统优秀法学理论资源中汲取优质理论资源,通过“第二个结合”,获得法学自主知识体系建构的重大成果。

构建“理实融合”双轨制教学模式——以刑法学经典阅读实践为切入点

刑法学经典阅读的探索与实践,是符合德法兼修的卓越法治人才培养目标的教改尝试。从阅读书目选取到指导阅读、专题研讨、总结点评、创新研究等阶段的具体运用,形成了构建生成性教学、拓展课程方式、打造“师生共同体”等可迁移性经验,通过在教学实践中强化学生的“问题意识”、增强教师启发能力、构建长效评价体系三方面发力,以进一步提升教学效果,对于构建“理实融合”双轨制教学模式具有天然优势和价值,这种模式建构有助于法学教育卓越法治人才培养。

欺骗型奸淫中被害人同意效力的认定

欺骗型奸淫中被害人同意效力的认定不仅在刑事裁判实践中存在疑难,而且在理论上直接关系到强奸罪中“违背被害人意志”成立与否。基于刑法家长主义的全面无效说极度扩大了处罚范围,而以保护法益为出发点的法益关系错误说在疑难案件中难以自圆其说。为修正传统理论的缺陷,需要以认识错误产生原因及知道规则为第一层次判断标准,再以认识错误是否与法益相关作为第二层次判断标准,最后以同意的任意性作为第三层次判断标准,从而确立一般性的判断方法。欺骗型奸淫能够进一步类型化为身份欺骗型、性行为性质欺骗型、期待利益欺骗型及隐瞒性病欺骗型,并在修正的法益关系错误说指导下分别获得合理的判断与论证。以层次化的被害人同意判断标准为指引,能够合理应对欺骗型奸淫行为的司法认定问题,并推进刑法实现保障人权与保护法益的双重目标。

时间结构中的法学——《法学的知识谱系》阅读札记

法学究竟是一门什么样的学问,或者说,法学是不是一门科学,它与自然科学、社会科学、人文科学有着什么样的关系,我们应该秉持什么样的立场和方法来研究法学,中国的法学应该向何处去,这些是《法学的知识谱系》一书关切的核心问题。为了回答这些问题,《法学的知识谱系》在跨越三千年的思想史脉络中探求法学知识成长的“密码”。该研究显示,法学的知识是理论的,但它的指向是实践的;法学的理论是多元的,但却未必是混乱的;法学的成长时而中断,但时而又从“废墟”中再生。回到当代中国,面对思想市场的扭曲化和知识生产的无序化,这种方法论的研究和规训,对于推进法学研究的严谨性和真实性大有神益,也是解决无序知识生产的一剂良药。